NU MOA – Department of Medical Technology

MLSHAPPL (Human Anatomy & Physiology with Pathophysiology)

Name: Date:

Course/Section: Score:

LABORATORY ACTIVITY NO. 9

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM and METABOLISM

Intended Learning Outcomes

After completing this laboratory activity, the student will be able to:
1. Identify the anatomy of the digestive system.
2. Identify the gastrointestinal tract.
3. Classify the accessory organs in digestion.
4. Describe the food breakdown in the digestive tract.
5. Appreciate abdominal sounds

Introduction
The digestive system processes food that can be absorbed and used by the body’s cells. The
digestive organs are responsible for food ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination of undigested
remains from the body (Marieb, 2018).

Food and other nutrients undergo six activities which process food into molecules that can be
absorbed and utilized by the cells of the body starting with (1) Ingestion, wherein food is taken by mouth
and then by (2) Mechanical Digestion, broken by a process of mastication into smaller pieces that can be
acted upon by saliva and various enzymes. The (3) Chemical Digestion transforms the compound
molecules of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into minute ones through a process called hydrolysis
which uses water and other enzymes, which hasten the very slow process of digestion. Particles then
move down the esophagus to the stomach where mixing and (4) Peristaltic Movements, which are
repetitive and rhythmic waves of contraction occur. These result in simpler molecules that can pass
through cell membranes of the lining in the small intestine into the blood and lymph capillaries by (5)
Absorption. The final step is (6) Elimination, which is the removal or evacuation of indigestible food
molecules or waste products from the body.

Materials
Anatomic charts Marker
Pictures of the digestive system and organs Test tube holder
Crackers Nescofilm
Uncola (7up or Sprite) Beaker (small)
Saliva Tripod
Benedict’s Solution
Lugol’s Iodine
Test tubes
Alcohol lamp
Match
Test tube rack
Distilled water
Gum label
PART 1 - Anatomy of the Digestive System

Label the structures in Figure 1. Write your answer in the space provided.

Figure 1. Organs of the Digestive System

1. 13.
2. 14.
3. 15.
4. 16.
5. 17.
6. 18.
7. 19.
8. 20.
9. 21.
10. 22.
11. 23.
12. 24.
 Figure 2. The Mouth

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

Figure 3. The Pharynx

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
 Figure 4. The Esophagus

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Figure 5. The Stomach

1. 10.
2. 11.
3. 12.
4. 13.
5. 14.
6. 15.
7. 16.
8. 17.
9.
Figure 6. The Small Intestines

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Figure 7. The Large Intestine

1. 7.
2. 8.
3. 9.
4. 10.
5. 11.
6.
Part II. Digestive System Function and Metabolism

Procedures

Test for Digestion of Starch by Amylase

1. Crush crackers until fine.
2. In a small beaker, mix 1 teaspoon of crushed crackers in 10 mL of distilled water.
3. Prepare and label 3 test tubes as test tube A, test tube B, and test tube C. Place them in a
test tube rack.
4. Transfer 2 mL of distilled water into test tube A (this will serve as negative control)
5. Transfer 2 mL of crushed crackers mixture into test tube B and C.
6. Collect saliva in a separate test tub.
7. Add 10 drops of saliva on test tube C.
8. Add 5 drops of Lugol’s Iodine on test tubes A, B, and C.
9. Cover test tubes with Nescofilm and shake to mix the contents.
10. Observe the color reaction.
11. Allow to stand for 30 minutes.
12. Observe the color reaction.

Result Interpretation
Brown Negative
Blue to Black Positive
Light Blue +
Medium Blue ++
Dark Blue +++
Black ++++

Results
Draw setup and results for the following:

Test tube A Test tube B Test tube C

Upon mixing

After 30 minutes of
standing
B. Determination of Sugar (Benedict’s Test)
1. Prepare and label 3 test tubes as test tube A, test tube B, and test tube C. Place them in a
test tube rack.
2. Transfer 2 mL of distilled water into test tube A (this will serve as negative control)
3. Transfer 2 mL of crushed crackers mixture into test tube B.
4. Transfer 2 mL of Uncola (7up or Sprite) into test tube C.
5. Add 5 drops of Benedict's reagent and mix by swirling.
6. Put all tubes in a beaker with hot water bath setup (beaker and tripod) for 3 minutes.
7. Observe the color reaction and interpret the results using the information given below.

Result Interpretation
Blue Negative
Green +
Yellow ++
Orange +++
Red ++++

Results
Draw setup and results for the following:

Test tube A Test tube B Test tube C

After 3 minutes
Questions

1. What happened to the test tube with saliva? What caused the color reaction?

2. What is present in crackers and cola that elicited a reaction in Benedict’s test?

Conclusion & Recommendation:

Grading Rubrics:

RATE
CRITERIA 5 4 3 2 1
1. The introduction provides well-informed concepts and
significance related to the topic
2. The questions on the activity were answered correctly
3. The table for diagram were answered correctly
4. The conclusion showed mastery of interpretation to
understand the topic
Total Score

Grading Scale:
Points Definition
5 Advanced
4 Meets Expectations for Target but shows minimal mistakes in answers
3 Partial Mastery of Target. Demonstrates partial understanding, or can perform
portions of the target with assistance
2 Little Mastery. Cannot demonstrate mastery, even with instructor assistance.
1 No Mastery