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Packing Instructions Page 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Definitions

‘Vendor’ - Supplier as defined in the Purchase Order or Contractor as defined in the Contract applicable to the supply of
cargo to be packed suitable for export shipping.

‘Principal’ - Buyer as defined in a Purchase Order or Company as defined in a Contract applicable to the supply of cargo
to be packed suitable for export shipping.

1.2 General Statement and Statement of Responsibility for Export Packing

As a Vendor, your company is advised of the following minimum requirements for the export packing and transport of goods for
the AHAFO NORTH PROJECT, GHANA. Note that:

 Any standard of packing less than described here shall not be used without the written agreement of the Principal.

 Any additional measures required to safeguard goods based on the experience of the Vendor shall be provided.

 This specification applies to Purchase Orders placed by the Vendor with sub-Vendors.

 This specification complements Specification 2040-00-GSPC-002 ‘Documentation & Marking Instructions’.

As the party most familiar with the materials / equipment being supplied, the Vendor is responsible for the protection and
packing of the equipment so that it reaches its final destination in the same condition as when dispatched.

Furthermore, because materials and equipment may be held in storage for a long period of time at site in a tropical
environment without protection, packing and marking must be adequate to preserve the despatch condition during storage up
to the end of the guarantee period.

The Principal may assist the Vendor in discharging his responsibility and the Vendor is encouraged to contact and commence
reporting to Transport and Logistics Co-ordinator immediately on receiving the Purchase Order or Contract award. Assistance
by project personnel and / or adherence to these minimum requirements does not release the Vendor from liability for damage
occurring as a result of faulty packing or inadequate protection, painting or preservation.

If the Vendor fails to discharge his responsibility for export packing and marking or fails to rectify deficient packing within a time
nominated in writing by the Principal, the Principal reserves the right to repack, remark or generally correct any inadequate or
unsatisfactory packing with costs to the Vendor’s account. Packages delivered inadequately packed or without appropriate
documents will be stored at a nominated receivals area at the Vendor’s risk and expense until rectified by the Vendor within an
amount of time nominated by the Principal.

The Principal reserves the right to add and/or modify these Project ‘Export Packing Instructions’ if so required due to import
regulations, transport conditions, technical modifications, contractual arrangements, erection or for any other reason.

No materials or equipment may be despatched by a Vendor unless they are in possession of an ‘Inspection Release
Certificate’, ‘Release Note’ or alternatively an ‘Inspection Release Certificate Waiver’.

2.0 PREAMABLE

SAFE transportation is the number one priority. The following instructions are designed to protect goods and personnel during
handling and transport operations and against possible hazards and climatic conditions expected during loading, transit and
site storage.

For containerised cargo (ocean freight), the anticipated handling and transport sequence to the Project job site will vary
depending on whether the cargo is a Full Container Load (FCL) or Less than a Container Load (LCL) but regardless, the
sequence will include:

 Loading into containers.

 Packing and bracing in containers.

 Road or rail transport to port of export or consolidation point.

 Short term storage in a consolidation point or at the port of export.

 Shipment by ocean going vessel from port of export to Ghanaian port of entry.

 Ship-side handling using ship’s gear or available port facilities - pre-shipment, post shipment and during
transhipments.

 Transport within Ghana by a combination of transport modes.

 Site unloading from transport vehicle, de-stuffing from containers and site storage.

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Non-containerised or Break Bulk (BB) cargo, presented for shipment with dimensions or weight preventing containerisation, will
be subject to a similar transport sequence as above but without the protection and ease of handling afforded by containers.
Vendor-provided transport drawings are essential to communicate safe handling instructions of break bulk cargo to road
transport operators, stevedores and crane / forklift operators.

Fragile items shall be wrapped in suitable wadding or efficient cushioning material - packages containing fragile goods shall be
marked accordingly as per the international handling symbol.

3.0 STANDARDS AND CODES

The packaging of goods shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the latest revision of the following
standards and codes. Should these instructions in any way differ from the following standards and codes then the more
stringent requirements will apply.

 AS 2400 Packaging

 AS2852 Packaging – Pictorial Marking for the Handling of Packages

 ISO 1496 Freight Containers

 AS4068 Flat Pallets for Materials Handling

 International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods

 International Maritime Organisation (IMO)

4.0 PACKING LIST AND PRE-SHIPMENT NOTIFICATION

The Vendor shall ensure that a detailed packing list itemising the all contents, weight and dimensions of each individual
shipping unit is provided with all materials and equipment supplied. Specific requirements of packing lists are detailed in
Specification 2040-00-GSPC-002 Documentation & Marking Instructions. Shipping units are defined as a box, bag, crate,
barrel, drum, tower, tank, pipe, bar, steel section, pallet or any other word used to describe an individual package.

Pre-shipment notification - essential for logistics planning purposes – shall be provided via a preliminary packing list. If any
items to be supplied fall into the category of HAZARDOUS or have inherent risks, such as subject to Mechanical Derangement,
Magnetic Interference, etc, the Vendor must give prior notice to the nominated freight forwarder and to Transport and Logistics
Coordinator. Hazardous goods shall be packed in separate containers and kept apart from other goods unless agreed to by
the Principal.

If applicable, the following shall be supplied immediately upon Purchase Order Award to enable pre-shipment planning:

 Material Safety Data sheets (MSDS).

 Hazardous Cargo Notification Sheets.

 Special Handling Instructions.

Special Note: Due to very high world wide shipping demand currently and limited shipping options into Ghana, special
containers such as flat racks or open top containers etc are not always available. Vendors requiring special containers for
loading equipment or materials shall notify the Principal via the required preliminary packing list or at least 2 months prior to
delivery.

5.0 SHIPPING TERMS

Should this be 2020?
INCOTERMS 2010 - the official International Chamber of Commerce rules for the interpretation of trade terms - shall be in
effect for the Project. Shipping terms and responsibility for freight charges are as defined in the Purchase Order or Contract.

6.0 PRESENTATION FOR SHIPPING

Packages for sea freight shipment shall be presented as either:

 Break Bulk: Packages presented as loose stow for handling as Break Bulk loads onto suitable vessels. All
packages and lifting equipment, lifting points and marks shall comply with the safety rules for carriage of goods by
sea. (AS 2400, Parts 2, 7 and 13 (BS 1133) or equivalent standard). All packages shall display the gross weight
in kilograms on two sides with lettering at least 50 mm in height as per Paragraph 4.2 of Specification 2040-00-
GSPC-002.

 Unitised break bulk packs of structural steel and pipes shall not exceed 12.2 metres in length for roll trailers or
11.8 metres for top stowage into FEU (40’) shipping containers.

 Full Container Loads (FCL): Packages or items stowed into shipping containers at the Contractor’s own premises.
Container weight and stowage rules apply (AS 2400, Part 20 – Handling of Goods in Freight Containers (BS 1133)
or equivalent standard). The Vendor shall optimise containerisation of all cargoes loaded at the Contractor’s
premises.

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 Less than Container Load (LCL): Packages presented to LCL packing stations for groupage into shipping
containers or onto roll trailers for ro-ro ships. There are size limitations on receivals for LCL cargo to allow
packages to be safely loaded into general purpose (dry) containers (AS 2400, Part 2 – Packing Practice (BS 1133)
or equivalent standard).

Maximum Length – 5.9 metres Maximum Height – 2.2 metres

Maximum Width – 2.3 metres Maximum Individual Weight – 6,000 kg
7.0 PRESENTATION FOR AIRFREIGHT

Where airfreight shipment is specifically agreed to or directed by the Principal, the Vendor shall present packages in
accordance with AS 2400, Part 19 – Packing for Airfreight (BS 1133 or equivalent standard). Hazardous goods directed for
airfreight shall be packed according to IATA requirements (published by the International Air Transport Association). Size and
weight limitations of individual shipping units apply for air freight and these must be obtained from the Principal or Project
freight forwarders before packing and presentation for transport.

8.0 EXPORT CONTROL

For exports, supply of correct documentation including packing list and shipping invoice is imperative. The Vendor shall liaise
with Transport and Logistics to provide these minimum requirements in time to meet the Principal's schedule. Detailed
packing lists and shipping invoices are required several days before shipping.

9.0 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

 The Vendor shall effectively pack and protect all items having regard to the method of carriage, handling and to the
road and sea conditions through which it will pass whilst being transported to the final destination.

 All goods shall be prepared and packed to withstand rough handling, hot sun, heavy rains, seawater and tropical
conditions, sustained during long journeys over rough terrain and periods of unprotected storage.

 Where practical, equipment shall be shipped fully assembled. However, where shipping fully assembled is not
possible or uneconomical, it shall be the Vendor’s responsibility to disassemble so that it can be properly packed
and protected.

 Where a complete outer protection is required, close boarded cases are to be supplied, not crates, even for
protection of components on skidded break bulk loads. When making cases, skids or bundles the packing shall
correspond with the weight and characteristics of the goods and shall be of such design that damage will not occur
to the packed goods by tilting, displacing, swinging, vibrating, lifting, escaping, or by compression by over stowing.

 Cardboard cartons are not acceptable as outside packing unless written acceptance is given by the Principal.

 The packed goods have to be secured within the case against forces horizontally arising (tilting, shunting, fixing of
slings, etc.) in such a way that they may withstand such loads without any damage. The securing can be made by
bolting to the skids or the base, fixing to the base by frame, cushioning between device and case wall, etc.
The use of wood, wool, hay, straw, newsprint or any paper for filling purposes is prohibited.

 The contents of each case shall be completely weather and dust-proofed by the use of non-permeable film, of
suitable strength such as ‘Polythene’ sheet, tar paper or approved equivalent, to form a sealed moisture barrier.
Electrical components or equipment likely to suffer deterioration by moisture penetration, or entrapped water
vapour, shall be protected by the inclusion within the barrier of absorbent desiccant (i.e. Silica Gel) in new dry
vapour permeable bags.

 When full container loads (FCL) are packed at the Contractor’s premises, care shall be taken when loading
containers with structural steel, plates, pipes, etc. that they are not packed beyond the safe loading capacity or
above the acceptable road and handling capabilities of the countries within the transit route.

 When full container loads (FCL) are packed at the Contractor’s premises, the Vendor shall optimise the size,
weight and complexity of the packaging and packaging materials to minimise the cost of transport, handling,
storage and site removal and disposal of packaging materials. Note that waste space within packaging is a source
of structural weakness and as such the Vendor shall ensure goods are nested and packed correctly.

 The design of packages shall take into consideration the method of lifting and where slings or chains are to be
utilised, particularly when packages weigh in excess of 300 kg, the top edge shall be sufficiently reinforced to
withstand the loads that will be applied during lifting.

 All exposed flanges, machined faces shall be protected by use of plywood covers (minimum thickness 8 mm,
minimum over cover 30 mm) and plugs or cover plates shall be provided on all inlet / outlets.

 All exposed equipment parts liable to rust shall be treated with a rust inhibitor (i.e. ‘Shell Ensis SDC’).

 Rotors of electric motors and rotating elements fitted with anti-friction bearings are to be prevented from movement
by clearly visible external clamps to prevent any internal brinelling damage.

 All cases must be forkliftable, fitted with bottom runners to facilitate four way forklift operation and have a top
compression rating of at least 1,000 kilograms per square metre (1,000 kg/m 2), (AS 2400, Part 7 – Packaging:
Timber Boxes (BS 1133) or equivalent standard).

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 Unless the Principal agrees otherwise in writing:

- Items or equipment shall be prepared in fulfilment of contract in one single consignment – no part
shipments

- Goods covered under separate purchase order numbers SHALL NOT be packed together.

10.0 SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS

10.1 Stainless Steel

Stainless steel – equipment and components fabricated of austenitic stainless steels shall be protected, shipped and stored
under cover out of contact with the ground and shall never be exposed to wetting by salt water or salt spray. Stainless steel
strapping and retaining clips shall be used to secure items of stainless steel. At no time, shall the Vendor allow carbon steel
strapping to be used or come into contact with stainless steel items.

10.2 Painted Surfaces and Bright Metal Surfaces

Painted Surfaces shall be suitably protected to prevent rubbing or scuffing during transport. All exposed bright metal surfaces
shall be treated with suitable rust inhibitor

10.3 Inclusion of Lifting Lugs and Sling Points

The Vendor, when designing protective packaging for equipment such as electrical switchboards, motor control centres and
distribution boards, shall provide for inclusion of lifting lugs and sling points ensuring they are always accessible and available
for lifting and transport purposes.

10.4 Rotating Equipment and Roller Bearings

Rotating equipment shall be securely braced so as to prevent rotation or displacement during handling or transport and the
Vendor shall provide instruction on the correct removal of such bracing.

Special care shall be taken to prevent brinelling of bearings. Bearings with dead loads in excess of 20 kg shall be relieved of
load during transport by the use of false bearing to support the load. The Vendor shall provide instructions for the correct
removal of the false bearings.

10.5 Desiccant for Rotating Equipment

On all items of rotating equipment, porous bags filled with desiccant shall be hung on the inside of the flange cover on all major
connections (unless size is a prohibiting factor). Packing lists and the outside of packages shall clearly identify the desiccant
type and that desiccant is being used internally.

10.6 Vertically Mounted Motors

Vertically mounted motor in equipment shall be specially supported for transport to prevent damage to the rotor and stator
plates.

10.7 Gear Boxes

When practical, gearboxes shall be transported filled with oil. Where this is not practical, vapour phase inhibitors shall be used
to protect internal surfaces. The Vendor shall provide instructions detailing the type of inhibitor and the procedure for its
removal prior to operation.

10.8 Base Plate

Equipment base plate mounting hardware shall be shipped with all auxiliary piping and be completely assembled and properly
braced for shipment.

10.9 Support Saddles

Where support saddles are required for the transportation of equipment such as Vessels, Columns and Exchangers they shall
be designed and provided by the Vendor incorporating the following:

 Saddles shall be designed for the purpose of transporting the equipment purchased and transport drawings shall
be submitted for review.

 Where required steel wrapper plates shall be supplied to distribute the load and protect the equipment.

 Saddles shall be fitted with lifting lugs and supplied with a steel rope or flat metal strapping to secure the saddle to
the equipment during lifting or transport.

 A Packing medium that has no detrimental effect to the equipment or surface treatment shall be provided for
placement between equipment and saddle, securing ropes and/or straps.

 Subject to the transport configuration and design requirements, saddles may be either of timber or steel
construction.

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 Where bolsters and chock blocks are required they shall be contoured to suit the outside curvature of the
equipment to ensure adequate and uniformly distribution of loadings over the surface of the equipment to be
supported.

10.10 Cable Drums

Cable drums shall have timber battens, of 30 mm minimum, affixed to the full external circumference of the drum. The internal
end of the cable shall be secured firmly to the drum such that it cannot break loose during transport.

10.11 Structural Bolting

Structural bolting, nuts and fasteners shall be packed into steel drums or similar storage container.

10.12 Structural Steel

Structural Steel with an outside dimension of less that 200 mm shall be segregated into common lengths and sizes and then
bundled and strapped with steel strapping, of a minimum width of 30 mm, applied not less that 1200 mm apart. These loads
shall not exceed 1800 kg. Bundled material shall have wood separators and wood collars under the strapping. Rubber or
equivalent should be used between the strapping and structural steel in order to prevent damage to the protective coating.

Structural steel items such as handrail, stanchions and grating, etc. shall be, where practical, bundled together for shipment,
Where the bundled steel is longer than the maximum length, one end of the bundle shall be flush with the end of the container /
flat rack. Bundles shall not exceed the maximum width.

10.13 Sacks and Bags

Sacks and Bags shall comply with AS 2400 Part 8 and where protection from the ingress of dust, dirt and moisture is required,
liners shall be used.

 When using sacks and bags the Vendor shall ensure they are individually tagged and branded with the Purchase
Order Number, Purchase Order Item Number and the contents.

 Sack and Bags when used for packaging structural steel bolts, nuts and fasteners shall be packed into steel drums
or similar storage containers.

 In all cases where sacks and bags are used as a packaging material, an additional amount totalling 5% of the
quantity originally supplied shall be provided by the Vendor to replace those damaged in transit.

10.14 Water Tight Drums

Non-returnable water tight drums may be used for the packaging of materials such as structural bolting and fasteners etc and
when used, the Vendor shall ensure individual drums are tagged and branded with the Purchase Order Number, Purchase
Order Item Number, Description and Quantity of each and every item.

10.15 Pipe

Pipe and conduit with an outside diameter of less that 200 mm shall be segregated into common lengths and sized and then
bundled and strapped with steel strapping, of a minimum width of 30 mm applied not less than 1200, apart. These loads shall
not exceed 1800 kg. Exposed threaded ends shall be adequately protected with caps. Bundled material shall have wood
separators and wood collars under the strapping. Rubber or equivalent should be used between the strapping and piping in
order to prevent damage to the protective coating.

Pipe lengths shall be bundled by strapped timber cleats of suitable dimensions above and below the bundle. Where the
bundled steel is longer than the maximum length, one end of the bundle shall be flush with the end of the container / flat rack.
Bundles shall not exceed the maximum width.

 Coated pipe shall be protected such that it is not damaged by abrasion or impact.

 The ends of the individual pipe lengths shall be sealed with plastic plugs or covered with plastic end caps. Tape
covering is not acceptable.

10.16 Bundles

Bundles shall be treated as individual packages and marked accordingly.

 Strapping of bundled materials shall be in accordance with AS 2400 Part 13.

 Timber boxes and crates shall be steel strapped and secured with crimped steel clips.

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10.17 Handling within Freight Containers

The handling of goods packed within freight containers shall comply with AS 2400 Part 20.

 Containerised goods shall be blocked, braced and / or bolted to prevent movement within the container. Goods,
which cannot be anchored or blocked, shall be removed and packed separately.

10.18 Vacuum Packing

Where materials and equipment are vacuum packed, packing lists and the outer package shall be marked accordingly.

Where equipment is nitrogen purged, packing lists, and the equipment or outer package, shall be marked accordingly. The
pressure that the purge is to be maintained at shall also be advised.

10.19 Rubber Parts

Equipment with exposed rubber parts or linings shall be cleaned and protected to acceptable standards.

10.20 Nozzle Flange

Nozzle flange opening shall be protected with bolt or wooden external grade plywood or metal covers using no less than four
(4) bolts. Wired on covers are not acceptable. Plywood shall be a minimum of 10 mm thickness. Nozzle covers shall extend
past the external rim of the nozzle by a distance of at least 20 mm.

An adequate gasket shall be used between the flange and the cover and the joint shall be wrapped with weather proof tape or
similar.

10.21 Tapped Openings

Tapped opening shall be plugged with full depth threaded plugs of material equal to the parent metal. Plugs shall be designed
so that they are removable by the use of a pipe wrench. External threads shall be covered with caps of the same material as
the pipe or nipple. Cast iron plugs are not acceptable.

Unconnected pipe threads shall be covered with threaded plugs or caps and identified by the purpose and number of the
connection.

10.22 Dissimilar Metals

The Vendor shall ensure items of dissimilar metals are packed separately to prevent metallurgical contamination.

11.0 PRESERVATION

As outlined in the General Statement on Page 1 of this Specification, materials and equipment may be held in storage for a
long period of time at site in a tropical environment without protection, therefore packing and marking must be adequate to
preserve the despatch condition during storage up to the end of the guarantee period. If in doubt about adequacy of packing,
the Vendor must seek the advice of the Principal. The Vendor shall highlight to the Principal in writing any specific
maintenance requirements during storage up to the end of the guarantee period.

Other specific preservation requirements:

 Machined steel or iron surfaces shall be protected by the application of suitable corrosion preventatives. The
selection and application of temporary corrosion preventatives shall comply with AS 2400 Part 5.

 Electrical equipment and instrumentation shall be packed with a suitable desiccant. The application of desiccants
shall be in accordance with AS 2400 Part 18.

 Delicate equipment such as instruments, electrical switchboards and panels etc shall be packed for protection to
eliminate the effects of vibration and moisture.

12.0 INSPECTIONS

Items nominated for final inspection by the Principal shall not be packed without the Inspector’s approval.

No materials or equipment may be despatched by the Vendor unless they are in possession of an ‘Inspection Release
Certificate’ or an ‘Inspection Waiver’ or a ‘Release Note’.

13.0 SPARE PARTS

Spare parts must be packaged separately from original equipment and clearly identified as spare parts as per 2040-00-GSPC-
002 on the outside of the shipping unit.

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14.0 PACKING INSTRUCTIONS

Timber Packing Cases: small to medium softwood boarded cases.

Cases shall be constructed of timber, plywood, or a combination of these in the following styles and forms of construction.
Selection of the case type and size shall be in accordance with the weight and nature of the items contained and the amount of
protection required.

Timber boxes and crates are preferable to palletized goods as they are stackable and allow for better utilisation of space in a
container, better stowage and securing as break bulk on a ship and better protection for the goods.

Tier Limitations: The Vendor is responsible to provide the Principal with tier limitations for safe and damage free stacking of
cargos such as pipe (any size of type).

Preparation: Machined and unpainted metal surfaces likely to rust or corrode shall be treated with a suitable preservative
('Valvoline Tectyl', ‘Shell Ensis’ or equivalent), or otherwise suitably protected e.g. by enclosure in polythene bags. Care should
be taken to prevent working surfaces being impaired by the application of any preservative. Desiccant bags shall be included
where necessary.

Valves – all flanges shall be protected and plugs or cover plates shall be provided on Inlets/outlets to prevent ingress of dirt.

Packing: Lock tight nuts shall be used on all securing bolts. Prepacked instruments and the like shall be protected by special
purpose polythene bags, polystyrene beads, polystyrene blocks, etc. All items shall be securely cushioned within the outer
case.

Hay, straw, wood wool, shredded paper or newspaper shall not be used as a cushioning material.

Construction: Construction shall allow for handling by both crane and forklift truck and shall include the fitting of bottom
runners to facilitate FOURWAY forklift operation. Lining – All cases shall be lined with Kraft Union waterproof paper with a
minimum density of 165 grams per square metre or by the use of non-permeable film, such as Polythene sheet.

Close Boarded Cases 

Good quality rough sawn butt jointed timber shall be used, generally in
accordance with AS 2400.7-1990 (BS 1133) or equivalent standard.

Sheathing boards shall be of minimum thickness of 19 mm.

Baseboards shall be of butt jointed timber. Substantial battens shall be used to

provide a case sufficiently robust to withstand the deadweight of contents during
handling.

Runners shall be of a minimal cross sectional dimension not less than 75 mm by

75 mm and placed at regular intervals to provide a substantial base.

Small Plywood Case 

Very light duty boxes. Small timber cases of batten and plywood board
construction or Plywood cases (metal-edged construction) designed
for lifting by hand. The package design should ensure ease and safety
in handling with a mass not greater than 30 kg.

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Panel Cleated Cases Plywood cases

(battened construction).

A nailed timber case having two or more

inside or outside cleats on two opposite
faces to reinforce the case and increase its
nailing area. Plywood material must be
Glued Plywood, Marine Grade. All joints
and top screw/nail holes are to be sealed
with Silicon Sealant.

 Tongued and Grooved Cases (tongues

towards the top of the box)

Good quality tongued and grooved

softwood timber shall be used generally
in accordance with AS 2400.7-1990 (BS
1133) or equivalent standard.
Sheathing boards shall be of minimum
thickness of 19 mm.
Baseboards shall be of butt jointed and
not tongued and grooved timber.
Substantial battens shall be used to
provide a case sufficiently robust to
withstand the deadweight of contents
during handling.
Runners shall be of a minimum cross
sectional dimension not less than 75 mm
by 75 mm and placed at regular intervals
to provide a substantial base.

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Skid-Based Case – Large timber containers (i.e. frame sheathed with timber)

Wooden cases (not crates) shall be used for sea freight. They shall be of strong export quality, solid and close jointed, ie. not partially-
open crate construction.
Design features of the box elements in
accordance with AS 2400.7-1990
(BS 1133) or equivalent standard.

Skids and rails – in which the major

stress is bending. The skid-type base shall
have Runners of a minimum cross
dimension not less than the following
sizes:

Mass of Shipment Size of Timber

(Kg) (mm)

Up to 1000 50 x 100
1000 to 3000 100 x 100
3000 to 7500 100 x 125
7500 to 12500 125 x 125
above 12500 or heavier as
required

 Skid Based Cases Showing Rails, Sheathing & Skids Rails – The cases shall be framed with timber of a
 minimum cross section of 100 x 50 mm.

Crush Battens – in which the major stress is

compression. One crush batten should be used at
each point likely to come in contact with lifting –
slings. Sheathing should be covered with a load-
distributing ply or steel plate in the vicinity of the
Sling point. Suitable sizes of crush battens shall
be calculated to accommodate the load

Sheathing boards – in which the stresses may be

bending, compression or tension, shall have side
and top panels of 25 mm minimum thickness.

Bottom Sheathing – Boarded bottom sheathing

shall run in the shorter direction, shall be of a
minimum thickness of 25 mm, and shall be nailed
to the sills or skids. Headers shall be bolted to the
longitudinal skids with a continuous screw, washer
and nut.

Braces – Diagonal members taking the form of an

X shape, shall be fitted to prevent racking
(diagonal deformation).

Preparation – Prepared metal surfaces likely to rust or corrode shall be treated with a suitable preservative ('Valvoline Tectyl'
or ‘Shell Ensis’ or equivalent), or otherwise suitably protected eg. by enclosure in polythene bags. Care should be taken to
prevent working surfaces being impaired by the application of any preservative. Valves – all flanges shall be protected and
plugs or cover plates shall be provided on inlets / outlets to prevent ingress of dirt.

Packing – Lock tight nuts shall be used on all securing bolts. Prepacked instruments and the like shall be protected by special
purpose polythene bags, polystyrene beans, polystyrene blocks etc. All items shall be securely cushioned within the outer
container. Hay, straw, wood wool, shredded paper or newspaper shall not be used as a cushioned material.

Construction – Construction shall allow for handling by both crane and forklift truck and shall include the fitting of bottom
runners to facilitate FOURWAY forklift operation. Lining – all case shall be lined with Kraft Union waterproof paper with a
minimum density of 165 grams per square metre or by use of non-permeable film, such as Polythene sheet. All cases shall be
strapped with 30 mm wide high tensile steel strapping in at least three places.

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Skids and Specially Built Pallet Loads

For large and robust loads where
crating is impractical and normally
not necessary for safe handling
and where a heavy duty
shrinkwrap plastic, used as a
moisture and dust barrier encloses
the load and is shrunk in-situ by
the application of heat.

Transverse and longitudinal

bottom skids are to be of a
thickness 80 to 100 mm and be
bolted at each cross point.

Fragile items not capable of

removal and separate packing,
such as built-in gauges, and
instruments shall be protected by
an over case or box structure,
secured to the skid by steel
strapping.

Adequate lifting points shall be

provided and care should be taken
to accommodate forklift tines by
provision of centre longitudinal
load bearers, where necessary. All
loads must be securely bolted to
the skids. Any loose or individual
pieces must be firmly strapped to
the skid base, using 30 mm steel
strapping.

Fabricated Vessels and Tanks – Shock and corrosion resistant items, heavy lift and bulk cargo items. Includes tanks, steam
vessels, flotation columns, etc.

Fabricated components supported

with their own cradles. Lifting lugs
shall be provided on structures
that are awkward or difficult to
handle. These must be within
internationally recognised working
load limits (W.L.L.). Slinging
points and centre of gravity
indications shall be shown on both
sides of each package.

Welding directly onto the goods to

be packed may be carried out
after the Engineer’s approval.

Items requiring a separate support

cradle shall have cradle design
approval by the Engineer before
commencement of packing.

 Steel straps (plastic covered) used for securing load to cradles. Turnbuckles to be used as tensioning device. Layers of artificial
rubber or carpet to be placed as cushioning between load and cradle. Where possible nozzles and protrusions should be turned
into the dead space to avoid damage and reduce the cubic volume. Cradles should be designed to be fully supportive but
should not exceed, where possible the maximum width of item contained. The gross weight of each package, including the
cradle weights, shall be shown on both sided, in 20 cm high lettering.

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Fabricated Components and General Mechanical – That are largely resistant against physical and chemical influence
(UV radiation, sea and rain water, etc.).
Fabricated components and general mechanical items that have
some impact and corrosion resistant qualities that require little
outer protection for safe transit.

Lifting lugs shall be provided on structures that are awkward or

difficult to handle. These must be within internationally recognised
W.L.L.

All exposed flanges, machined faces shall be protected by use of

ply board covers (minimum thickness 8mm, minimum over cover
30 mm) and plugs or cover plates shall be provided on all
inlets/outlets.

Substantial support structures shall be fitted to stabilise the load

and facilitate transport by road vehicle.

Welding directly onto goods to be packed may only be carried out

after the Engineers approval.

Items requiring a separate support cradle shall have cradle design

approval by the Engineer before commencement of packing.

Structural Steel and Pipe (Steel, HDPE & PVC)

Straight pipe lengths and supporting structural steel, includes straight and sectional steel structures, frames, straight pipes, angles,
channels, cable tray etc. All unitised loads shall be securely bundled into compatible units depending on length and size. One end
should be kept flush so that overhanging protrusions are kept to the opposite end.

Metal strapping with a minimum width of

30 mm shall be used and spaced to
provide suitable restraint.

 Painted steel pipe unitised into a

break-bulk pack supported by U
channel cradles bolted at the top. A
longitudinal channel should be fitted,
top and bottom, between the cradle
frames to keep them apart during
lifting.

Layers of artificial rubber or carpet shall be

placed as cushioning between load and
cradle and under the steel strapping where
it contacts the painted surface of the pipe.

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Structural Steel and Pipe Continued (Steel, HDPE & PVC)

Cable tray and structural steel frames unitised into

break bulk packs, supported by substantial wooden
bearers that are strapped to the packs using 30 mm
steel strapping. A groove has to be cut into the
bottom of the bearer to keep the metal strap in
position and to protect it from possible ground
abrasion during forklift operations.

Piping under 150 mm diameter and small items of

steelwork shall be bundled securely by machine
banding or steel strapping, with a maximum distance
between bands of 1.2 metre. Bands/straps shall be
so positioned as to prevent any integral projections
cutting through the bands/straps during movement.

Bundles shall have the shipping mark clearly painted

on each side using waterproof paint, or marked on
metal tags which shall be securely fixed with wire.
Failure to show accurate gross weights on packages
in excess of one tonne may subject Vendors to
serious penalties and expenses under regulations at
ports of loading or discharge.

All bundles shall be strapped firmly with 30mm width

steel strapping.

Nozzles and protrusions should be turned into the

dead space to avoid damage and reduce cubic
volume.

Width of bearers should be slightly less than the

pack width to allow the strapping to tension the
bearer correctly to the load.

When frames are packed together into break bulk

packs they should be of similar length and width to
keep the pack stable and reduce the cubic volume.
Cleats and brackets are turned into the dead space,
inside or under the support feet.

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Pallets
By prior arrangement with the Engineer,
items which are impervious to water
damage, and can be conveniently
secured to a pallet shall be packed as
follows:

Pallets shall be non-returnable shipping

units and be constructed in such manner
as to allow for handling by both crane
and forklift truck and be fitted with
bottom runners to facilitate four-way
forklift operation.

All pallets shall be constructed to enable

stowage two (2) abreast in a standard
I.S.O. container, maximum size is 1100
mm x 1100 mm, and be able to support
a mass of 2000 kilos.

Universal Pallet Four-Way Entry Version

A pallet with a top deck to take the load and a bottom deck of maximum bearing area
but suitable for use with pallet trucks.

All items must be secured to the pallet by strapping. Heavy loads and items not subject to settlement in transit should be secured
with metal high tensile strapping. The width of the strap should be in accordance with the characteristics of the load.

Where there is a possibility of water damage to palletised items then the complete pallet load shall be shrink wrapped with a heavy
duty shrink film that encloses the load so that when it is heat treated the film seals under the top deck of the pallet.

Refractory Bricks

Refractory bricks must always be shrink-wrapped, packed on pallets as above and when sea freighted be packed in dry TEU
shipping containers that have been checked prior to packing to be free from the ingress of water or the retention of moisture,
particularly in the floor boards. This may, due to temperature variations during transport cause ‘Container Sweat’ allowing
condensation to fall from the container roof onto the refractory bricks.

Steel Drums – Drums shall be constructed of heavy duty mild steel, with a removable head.

Unless otherwise agreed drums shall be packed on pallets,

which shall have baseboards of butt jointed timber and shall
allow for handling by both crane and forklift and be fitted
with bottom runners to facilitate four-way forklift operation.

Preparation

Prepared metal surfaces likely to rust or corrode shall be

treated with a suitable preservative (‘Shell Ensis’ or
equivalent), or otherwise suitably protected. e.g. by
enclosure in polythene bags

Electrical Components

Electrical components which are not fixed to mechanical components, particularly loose small parts, shall be consolidated
wherever possible, separately packaged in appropriate cases, and clearly marked as electrical components

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