Cambodia

1. Flag Description
The Cambodian flag features a blue stripe on the top and bottom, and a red stripe which is
double the width in the middle. A white image of Angkor Wat features in the middle of the red
stripe.The Cambodian flag is the only national flag in the world which incorporates an actual
building in its design.Red and blue are the traditional colours of Cambodia. The colour blue
represents the King of Cambodia and the colour red represents the people of Cambodia. Angkor
Wat represents Theravada Buddhism, which is the religion of the majority of Cambodia’s
populatio.

Since around 1850, the Cambodian flag has featured a depiction of Angkor Wat in the
centre. The current flag, with a blue border and red central (the stripes are in the ratio 1:2:1) was
adopted following Cambodia's independence in 1948. It was used until 9 October 1970, when a
new flag was introduced for Lon Nol's Khmer Republic that lasted until the takeover of the
Khmer Rouge in 1975. The subsequent state of Democratic Kampuchea, which existed from
1975 to 1979, used a red flag with a three-towered Angkor Wat design retained in yellow
beginning in 1976. The People's Republic of Kampuchea was established in 1979, after the
Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia.
2.Motto
The Motto of the kingdom of Cambodia is " Nation, Religion, King ".

3.Anthem History
"Nokoreach" is the national anthem of Cambodia. After the royalist forces defeated the
communists in 1993, the royalist anthem was restored as well. Based on a Cambodian folk tune
and written by Chuon Nat, the anthem was originally adopted in 1941 and reconfirmed in 1947.
However, it was replaced when the Khmer Rouge took over in 1976

Anthem Lyrics

Nokoreach

Som pouk tepda rak sa moha khsath yeung

Oy ben roung roeung doy chey monkol srey soursdey

Yeung Khnom preah ang som chrok Krom molup preah Baromey

Ney preah Noropdey vong Khsattra del sang preah sat thm r

Kroup Kraung dèn Khmer borann thkoeung thkann.

Prasath séla kombang kan dal prey

Kuor oy sr may noeuk d l yuos sak Moha Nokor

Cheat Khmer dauch Thmar kong vong n y l ar rung peung chom hor.

Yeung sang Khim por pheap preng samnang robuos Kampuchea.

Moha r th koeut mien you ang veanh hey.

Kroup vath aram lu tè so sap thoeur

Sot doy am no rom lik koun poth sasna

Chol yeung chea neak thioeur thiak smos smak tam bep donnta

Kong tè thévoda nùng chuoy chrom chrèng phkot phkang pra yoch oy

Dol prateah Khmer chea Moha Nokor

 Anthem Lyrics English

Heaven protect our King

And give him happiness and glory

To reign over our souls and our destinies,

The one being, heir of the builder Sovereigns,

Guiding the proud old Kingdom.

Temples are asleep in the forest,

Remembering the splendor of Moha Nokor.

Like a rock the Khmer race is eternal.

Let us trust in the fate of Kampuchea,

The empire which challenges the ages.

Songs rise up from the pagodas

To the glory of the holy Buddhist faith.

Let us be faithful to our ancestors' belief.

Thus heaven will lavish its bounty

Towards the ancient Khmer country, the Moha Nokor.

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4. Phnom Penh is the Capital in Cambodia
With breathtaking architecture, waterside attractions and unique traditions, Cambodia's
capital city Phnom Penh offers an unforgettable immersion into a rich cultural history.A picture
taken across the street of the Royal Palace, Phnom Penh.Yuen Yiying August 2018.If you only
have 24 hours in Phnom Penh, the capital city of Cambodia, check out this one-day itinerary that
gets you straight to the best sights in this breathtaking city.The best time to travel to Phnom
Penh

5. Language Used in Cambodia

1.1.1 Language by Sex and Urban-Rural

Most of the population in Cambodia speaks the Khmer language, the country's official
language. Others include Vietnamese, Lao, Chinese, Thai, English and etc., reflecting such cross-
border migration from neighboring countries and international migration from other foreign
countries. French, once the language of government in Indochina during 1863 to 1953, is still
spoken in by some older Cambodians. English is widely spoken among young Cambodians and
businessmen.
6. Ethnic Groups in Cambodia
Cambodia is a multi-ethnic society with a majority of ethnic Khmer. These include the
Vietnamese, Cham, Chinese, and indigenous peoples. Among the various ethnic groups, the
indigenous populations, as the word implies, account for the most ancient inhabitants of the
country.

Khmer

The Khmer are the oldest ethnic groups in Cambodia having spread out into Southeast Asia
around the same period the Mon did. Most historical experts including Sinologists,
archaeologists, crop specialists, and linguists believe that the Khmer arrived in or before the
2000 BCE. It is believed that the Khmer brought with them agricultural practices in particular rice
farming. The Khmer later built their Empire and overruled Southeast Asia from 802 CE for six
centuries. At present, the Khmer Empire forms the Cambodian political, economic, and cultural
mainstream. The Khmer people were the developers of the first alphabet and it is still in use in
Southeast Asia. The first alphabet later gave way for the Thai and Lao scripts.

Vietnamese
The Vietnamese were the most populous among the ethnic minority groups in Cambodia before
the Cambodian Civil War with an estimated population of 450,000 mostly found in Southeast of
Cambodia alongside the Mekong Delta. The Vietnamese of Cambodia also lived upstream along
the shores of Tonlé Sap. However, during the civil war, the Vietnamese community was almost
annihilated' from Cambodia. However, due to the Vietnamese invasion post-civil war, other
Vietnamese people entered the country. The modern Cambodian government also maintained
close ties with the Vietnamese and backed the Vietnamese ventures when they came to
Cambodia to invest in the new market. Most urban immigrants consist of villagers who illegally
cross the border into Cambodia to flee from poor rural conditions in Vietnam with hope for a
better life. There exist very little cultural association between the Khmers and the Vietnamese
because the first Khmers originated from the Greater India whereas the Vietnamese people.

Chinese

The Chinese descended between the 19th and 20th century in Cambodia. Most of the Chinese
were settlers who came because of trade and commerce when Cambodia was under the French
protectorate. Chinese migration into Cambodia dates back to the early 12th century during the
Khmer empire period. The Chinese and Khmers intermarry and often assimilate into the Khmer
culture with a few Chinese retaining their customs. The Chinese account for 1% of the
Cambodian population.

Tai, Cham, Lao, And Other Peoples

The Tai, Lao, Cham, and other group’s population in Cambodia significantly decreased during
the Cambodian civil war. The Lao people live in the distant northeast part of Cambodia along the
Mekong and its tributaries. Most Lao born in Cambodia are acknowledged as Khmer according
to a policy set by the Cambodian government. The Lao have a few political organizations and
representation to none at all. Most of the remaining population of the ‘other’ Cambodian people
has been assimilated into the Khmer culture. The Tai, Cham, Lao and Other account for 5% of
Cambodia's population.

7. Religion
 Theravada Buddhism is Cambodia’s state religion and has been since the 13th century,
except during the Khmer Rouge period. During that time, all monks were disrobed or killed and
most religious scholars were murdered or fled into exile.

Older women, particularly widows, often choose to live at Cambodian pagodas as helpers.

Unlike in most Christian religions, Buddhists who take vows to become a monk do not
commit to this calling for life. It is common for Cambodian men to become monks for a short
period of their life — usually a few weeks or a few months — to bring merit to their parents and
to become closer to their Buddhist faith. This is usually done earlier in life, starting at age 13.

Religion and Traditional Belief - Religion in Cambodia is believed to have been largely
influenced by the oceanic merchants who sailed through the Gulf of Thailand on their way
through to China. It is thought that the Indian culture was such introduced to the land, until it’s
religious beliefs were first assimilated by the then Funan Kingdom.

Buddhism - As such, there is a very large Buddhist following within the country, as there is
in the whole of South East Asia. About 90 per cent of the Cambodian population are Theravada
Buddhists.

Hindu - Hindu found it’s way into Cambodia around the same time that Buddhism did. It
was, and still is, one of the official religions of the state. Angkor Wat, is in fact a Hindu temple –
the largest in the whole world!

Islam - Islam is another official religion of the Kingdom. The numbers of practicing Muslims
were decimated during the Khmer Rouge to the point of unifying the straits of religious sects.
Today, there is still a strong portion of the country who make their way to Malaysia to study the
Qurán, and also some that make the pilgrimage to Mecca.

Christianity - Christianity is an almost non-existent religion in the country. Small missionary

centres in Battambang and Siem Riep converted around 2000 people in the early 1960’s.

While the country is most prominently Buddhist, the practices, architecture, and the integrity
of those practicing alternate religions are well respected in Cambodia. The very tolerant and
accepting nature of Buddhism is to be given the credit for this.
8.Cambodian Riel (Demonyms)
The riel (/riˈɛl/; Khmer: េរៀល, romanized: riĕl [riəl]; sign: ៛; code: KHR) is the currency of
Cambodia. There have been two distinct riel, the first issued between 1953 and May 1975.
Between 1975 and 1980, the country had no monetary system. A second currency, also named
"riel", has been issued since 20 March 1980. Since the 1990s, citizens have used the riel
alongside the U.S. dollar at the well-known rate of 4,000 KHR/USD for retail payments.[1]

9.Form of Government
His Majesty, King Norodom Sihamoni of the Kingdom of Cambodia at the Royal Ploughing
Ceremony in Phnom Penh. Photo by Jeffdkennel, taken on 23 May 2008. Licensed under CC BY-
SA 3.0.

Cambodia is set up as a multi-party democracy under a constitutional monarchy. The King

serves as the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of the Royal Government of
Cambodia. Norodom Sihamoni,the King, was crowned in 2004 after the abdication of his father
Norodom Sihanouk. Hun Sen3 has been the Prime Minister since 1985.
10. President/Prime Minister
Hun Sen, (born April 4, 1951, Kâmpóng Cham province, Cambodia), Cambodian politician,
who was prime minister of Cambodia from 1985.

Hun Sen was educated at a Buddhist monastery in Phnom Penh. In the late 1960s he joined
the Communist Party of Kampuchea and in 1970 joined the Khmer Rouge. During the regime of
Pol Pot (1975–79), when an estimated two million Cambodians lost their lives, Hun Sen fled to
Vietnam, joining troops there opposed to the Khmer Rouge. He returned to Cambodia after the
Vietnamese installed a new government in 1979 and was made minister of foreign affairs. He
became prime minister in 1985.

11.Total Area of Cambodia

Cambodia is a country on the indochinese peninsula at the gulf of Thailand. The land has a
total area of 181,040 km² (69,900 mi²) and a total coastline of 443 km (275.3 mi). This land area
is approximately 88% of the area of Minnesota. Cambodia is thus the 25th biggest country in
Asia and in terms of area ranked 90th worldwide. A considerable share of the inhabitants (75%)
belongs to the rural population.Cambodia is comparatively low at an average elevation of 126
meters above sea level. The highest mountain peak (Phnom Aural) is at 1,810 meters. The
country has 64 islands in the open sea. There are direct national borders with the three
neighboring countries Laos, Thailand and Vietnam. The distance between New York City and the
Capital Phnom Penh is about 14,220 km (8,836 mi).
12. Population
 The current population of Cambodia is 17,309,850 as of Monday, January 23, 2023,
based on Worldometer elaboration of the latest United Nations data.

 Cambodia 2020 population is estimated at 16,718,965 people at mid year according to

UN data.

 Cambodia population is equivalent to 0.21% of the total world population.

 Cambodia ranks number 71 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by population.

 The population density in Cambodia is 95 per Km2 (245 people per mi2).

 The total land area is 176,520 Km2 (68,155 sq. miles)

 24.2 % of the population is urban (4,050,459 people in 2020)

 The median age in Cambodia is 25.6 years.

13. Current Value of Money

The official currency in Cambodia, the Cambodian riel, trades at around 4,000 riel to the US
dollar. But there’s a high level of dollarization in the country. What this means is that you don’t
need to be concerned about getting riel when you arrive in Cambodia. In fact, the visa you get on
arrival must be paid for in US dollars. This is starting to change, and Cambodia is in the middle
of a de-dollarization campaign, and small US notes are being phased out of circulation.