CHE 301 HW 9

Abdulaziz Alhouti

Pr. 1

Given:

• 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝑇 = 300 𝐾
• 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑉 = 1 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐

Researching for fluid properties and estimating these properties @300 K we obtain the following table.

Resources: Perry’s Chemical Engineering Handbook - National Institute of Standards and Technology

Fluid Type Air Water Engine oil Mercury

𝑲𝒈 1.177 996.6 884 13529
Density: 𝝆 𝒊𝒏 𝟑
𝒎
𝑲𝒈
Viscosity: 𝝁 𝒊𝒏 𝒎.𝒔 1.846 × 10−5 0.853 × 10−3 0.486 1.523 × 10−3
𝑱 1004.9 4183 1910 139.3
Heat capacity: 𝑪𝒑 𝒊𝒏
𝑲𝒈.𝑲
𝑾 0.0262 0.5981 0.139 8.54
Thermal conductivity: 𝑲 𝒊𝒏
𝒎.𝑲

General equation of the momentum boundary layer:

𝛿 1
• ~
𝑥 √𝑅𝑒

The Reynolds number is given as follows:

𝜌𝑉𝑥
• 𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇

General equation of the thermal boundary layer:

𝛿𝑡 1
• 𝛿
~ Pr1/3

The Prandtl number is given as follows:

𝜇𝐶𝑝
• 𝑃𝑟 = 𝐾
Air:

Momentum boundary thickness Thermal boundary thickness

1.177×1×0.04 1.846×10−5 ×1004.9
• 𝑅𝑒 = 1.846×10−5 • 𝑃𝑟 =
0.02624
• 𝑅𝑒 = 2550.38 • 𝑃𝑟 = 0.7069
𝛿 1
• ~
0.04 √2550.38 •
𝛿𝑡
~
1
7.9206×10−4 0.70691/3
1
• 𝛿~0.04 × • 𝛿𝑡 ~8.89 × 10−4 𝑚
√2550.38

• 𝛿~7.92 × 10−4 𝑚

Water:

Momentum boundary thickness Thermal boundary thickness

996.59×1×0.04 0.853×10−3 ×4183
• 𝑅𝑒 = 0.853×10−3 • 𝑃𝑟 =
0.59808
• 𝑅𝑒 = 46733 • 𝑃𝑟 = 5.966
𝛿 1 𝛿𝑡 1
• ~
0.04 √46733.4 • ~
1.85×10−4 5.9661/3
1
• 𝛿~0.04 × • 𝛿𝑡 ~1.02 × 10−4 𝑚
√46733.4

• 𝛿~1.85 × 10−4 𝑚

Engine oil:

Momentum boundary thickness Thermal boundary thickness

884×1×0.04 0.486×1910
• 𝑅𝑒 = 0.486
• 𝑃𝑟 = 0.139

• 𝑅𝑒 = 72.757 • 𝑃𝑟 = 6678
𝛿 1 𝛿𝑡 1
• ~
0.04 √72.757
• ~
4.689×10−3 66781/3

• 𝛿~0.04 ×
1 • 𝛿𝑡 ~2.49 × 10−4 𝑚
√72.757

• 𝛿~4.69 × 10−3 𝑚
Mercury:

Momentum boundary thickness Thermal boundary thickness

13529×1×0.04 1.523×10−3 ×139.3
• 𝑅𝑒 = • 𝑃𝑟 =
1.523×10−3 8.54
• 𝑅𝑒 = 355325 • 𝑃𝑟 = 0.025
𝛿 1
• ~
0.04 √355325 •
𝛿𝑡
~
1
6.71×10−5 0.0251/3
1
• 𝛿~0.04 × • 𝛿𝑡 ~2.3 × 10−4 𝑚
√355325

• 𝛿~6.71 × 10−5 𝑚

Pr. 2

Given:

• 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝 = 𝑇𝑓 = 100℃373 𝐾

• 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑉𝑓 = 0.1 𝑚/𝑠
• 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝑇𝑠 = 20℃ = 293 𝐾
• 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑥 = 1 𝑚

a) The engine oil properties must be evaluated at the average temperature between the fluid and
plate surface as follows:

𝑇𝑠 +𝑇𝑓
• 𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
2
293+373
• 𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 2

• 𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 333 𝐾

Therefore:
𝐾𝑔
• 𝜌 = 864.4 𝑚3
𝐾𝑔
• 𝜇 = 0.074 𝑚.𝑠
𝐽
• 𝐶𝑝 = 2034.5 𝐾𝑔.𝐾
W
• 𝐾 = 0.14 m.K
Momentum boundary thickness Thermal boundary thickness
864.4×0.1×1 0.074×2034.5
• 𝑅𝑒 = 0.074
• 𝑃𝑟 = 0.14

• 𝑅𝑒 = 1161.6 • 𝑃𝑟 = 1081
𝛿 1 𝛿𝑡 1
• ~ • ~
1 √1161.6 0.0293 10811/3

• 𝛿~0.0293 𝑚 • 𝛿𝑡 ~2.859 × 10−3 𝑚

b) Calculation of local heat flux and the shear stress noting that we assumed linear variation of
velocity and temperature across the boundary layer, we have:

𝑳𝒐𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒕 𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒙 𝑺𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔

• 𝑞 ′′ = ℎ × (𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑓 ) • 𝜏𝑦𝑥 = 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = −𝜇

𝜕𝑉𝑥
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑇
−𝐾𝑓 × 0−0.099
• ℎ= 𝜕𝑦
• 𝜏𝑦𝑥 = −0.074 × ( 𝛿
)
𝑇𝑠 −𝑇𝑓
−0.099
• ℎ × (𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑓 ) = −𝐾𝑓 ×
𝜕𝑇 • 𝜏𝑦𝑥 = −0.074 × ( 0.0293 )
𝜕𝑦
𝑁
• ℎ × (20 − 100) = −0.14 × (
100−99
) • 𝜏𝑦𝑥 = 0.25 𝑚2
𝛿𝑡
1
• ℎ × (−80) = −0.14 × ( )
2.859×10−3
𝑊
• ℎ = 0.61
𝑚2 𝐾

• 𝑞 ′′ = 0.61 × (293 − 373)

𝑊
• 𝑞 ′′ = −48.97 𝑚2