CHE 301 HW 9

Fawaz Alsaiede

Problem 1

𝑇 = 300 𝐾

𝑉 = 1 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐

The following fluid properties were gathered from the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(https://www.nist.gov/)

Thermal
𝑲𝒈 Viscosity Heat capacity conductivity
Density (𝝆 𝒊𝒏 )
Fluid Type 𝒎𝟑 𝑲𝒈 𝑱 𝐖
(𝝁 𝒊𝒏 ) (𝑪𝒑 𝒊𝒏 𝑲𝒈.𝑲) (𝑲 𝒊𝒏 )
𝒎.𝒔 𝐦.𝐊

Air 1.177 1.846 × 10−5 1004.9 0.0262

Water 996.6 0.853 × 10−3 4183 0.5981
Engine oil 884 0.486 1910 0.139
Mercury 13529 1.523 × 10−3 139.3 8.54

The general equation of the momentum boundary layer is as follows:

𝛿 1
~
𝑥 √𝑅𝑒

Where:

𝜌𝑉𝑑
𝑅𝑒𝑦𝑛𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇

d: distance from leading edge in m

Whereas the general equation of the thermal boundary layer is as follows:

𝛿𝑡 1
~ 1/3
𝛿 Pr

Where:

𝜇𝐶𝑝
𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑡𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 𝑃𝑟 =
𝐾
Air momentum boundary conditions and thermal boundary thickness:

1.177 × 1 × 0.04
𝑅𝑒 = = 𝟐𝟓𝟓𝟎. 𝟑𝟖
1.846 × 10−5

Therefore, the momentum boundary condition:

𝛿 1
~
0.04 √2550.38

1
𝛿~0.04 ×
√2550.38
𝜹~𝟕. 𝟗𝟐𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟗𝟐𝟏 𝒎𝒎

Regarding the thermal boundary thickness, we have:

1.846 × 10−5 × 1004.9

𝑃𝑟 = = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟔𝟗
0.02624
𝛿𝑡 1
−4
~
7.9206 × 10 0.70691/3
𝜹𝒕 ~𝟖. 𝟖𝟗𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟗𝟏 𝒎𝒎

Water momentum boundary conditions and thermal boundary thickness:

996.59 × 1 × 0.04
𝑅𝑒 = = 𝟒𝟔𝟕𝟑𝟑. 𝟒
0.853 × 10−3
Therefore, the momentum boundary condition:
𝛿 1
~
0.04 √46733.4
1
𝛿~0.04 ×
√46733.4
𝜹~𝟏. 𝟖𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟓 𝒎𝒎

Regarding the thermal boundary thickness, we have:

0.853 × 10−3 × 4183

𝑃𝑟 = = 𝟓. 𝟗𝟔𝟔
0.59808
𝛿𝑡 1
−4
~
1.85 × 10 5.9661/3
𝜹𝒕 ~𝟏. 𝟎𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝒎𝒎
Engine oil momentum boundary conditions and thermal boundary thickness:
884 × 1 × 0.04
𝑅𝑒 = = 𝟕𝟐. 𝟕𝟓𝟕
0.486
Therefore, the momentum boundary condition:
𝛿 1
~
0.04 √72.757
1
𝛿~0.04 ×
√72.757
𝜹~𝟒. 𝟔𝟖𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟔𝟖𝟗 𝒎𝒎

Regarding the thermal boundary thickness, we have:

0.486 × 1910
𝑃𝑟 = = 6678.1
0.139
𝛿𝑡 1
−3
~
4.689 × 10 6678.11/3
𝜹𝒕 ~𝟐. 𝟒𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒𝟗 𝒎𝒎

Mercury momentum boundary conditions and thermal boundary thickness:

13529 × 1 × 0.04
𝑅𝑒 = = 355325
1.523 × 10−3
Therefore, the momentum boundary condition:
𝛿 1
~
0.04 √355325
1
𝛿~0.04 ×
√355325
𝜹~𝟔. 𝟕𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟕𝟏 𝒎𝒎

Regarding the thermal boundary thickness, we have:

1.523 × 10−3 × 139.3

𝑃𝑟 = = 0.0248
8.54
𝛿𝑡 1
−5
~
6.71 × 10 0.02481/3
𝜹𝒕 ~𝟐. 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟑 𝒎𝒎
Problem 2

𝑇𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 = 100℃ + 273 = 373 𝐾

𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 = 20℃ + 273 = 293 𝐾

𝑉𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 = 0.1 𝑚/𝑠

𝑋 = 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 1 𝑚

a) In order to solve this problem, we will calculate the properties of the fluid on the average
temperature between the surface and the fluid as follows:

𝑇𝑠 + 𝑇𝑓 293 + 373
𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = = = 𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝑲
2 2

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 333𝐾 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤:

𝑲𝒈 𝑲𝒈 Heat capacity Thermal conductivity

Density (𝝆 𝒊𝒏 ) Viscosity (𝝁 𝒊𝒏 )
𝒎𝟑 𝒎.𝒔 𝑱 𝐖
(𝑪𝒑 𝒊𝒏 ) (𝑲 𝒊𝒏 )
𝑲𝒈.𝑲 𝐦.𝐊

864.2 0.0744 2034.4 0.14

The general equation of the momentum boundary layer is as follows:

𝛿 1
~
𝑥 √𝑅𝑒

Where:

𝜌𝑉𝑑
𝑅𝑒𝑦𝑛𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇

d: distance from leading edge in m

Whereas the general equation of the thermal boundary layer is as follows:

𝛿𝑡 1
~ 1/3
𝛿 Pr

Where:

𝜇𝐶𝑝
𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑡𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 𝑃𝑟 =
𝐾
Engine oil momentum boundary conditions and thermal boundary thickness:
864.2 × 0.1 × 1
𝑅𝑒 = = 𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟏. 𝟔
0.0744

Therefore, the momentum boundary thickness:

𝛿 1
~
1 √1161.6

𝜹~𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟗𝟑 𝒎 = 𝟐𝟗. 𝟑 𝒎𝒎

Regarding the thermal boundary thickness, we have:

0.0744 × 2034.4
𝑃𝑟 = = 1081
0.14
𝛿𝑡 1
~
0.0293 10811/3

𝜹𝒕 ~𝟐. 𝟖𝟓𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝒎 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟓𝟗 𝒎

b)

𝑞 ′′ = 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑥 = ℎ × (𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑓 )

𝜕𝑇
−𝐾𝑓 ×
𝜕𝑦
ℎ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 =
𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑓

𝜕𝑇
ℎ × (𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑓 ) = −𝐾𝑓 ×
𝜕𝑦

Assuming we have linear variation of temperature across the boundary layer, therefore:

100 − 99
ℎ × (20 − 100) = −0.14 × ( )
𝛿𝑡

100 − 99
ℎ × (20 − 100) = −0.14 × ( )
2.859 × 10−3
𝑾
𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟐
𝒎𝟐 𝑲
 Substituting h in 𝒒′′ , 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆:

𝑞 ′′ = 0.612 × (293 − 373)

𝑾
𝒒′′ = −𝟒𝟖. 𝟗𝟕
𝒎𝟐

𝜕𝑉𝑥
𝜏𝑦𝑥 = 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = −𝜇
𝜕𝑦

Assuming we have linear variation of velocity across the boundary layer, therefore:

0 − 0.099
𝜏𝑦𝑥 = −0.0744 × ( )
𝛿
0 − 0.099
𝜏𝑦𝑥 = −0.0744 × ( )
0.0293
𝑵
𝝉𝒚𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝟏
𝒎𝟐