Summary For Deductive Geometry (English)

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Summary for Deductive Geometry

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If AOD is a st. line, a + b + c + d = 360° a =b a + b + c = 180° a +b =d
a + b + c = 180° 【∠s at a pt. 】 【vert. opp. ∠s】 【 ∠ sum of r】 【ext. ∠ of r 】
【adj. ∠s on st. line】

rABC ~ rDEF
If AB // CD, If AB // CD, If AB // CD, rABC ≅ rDEF
then a = b . then a = b . then a + b = 180° . 【equiangular】
【S.S.S.】
【corr. ∠s, AB // CD】 【alt. ∠s, AB // CD】 【int. ∠s, AB // CD】 【3 sides proportional】
【S.A.S.】
If a = b , If a = b , If a + b = 180° , 【ratio of 2 sides, inc. ∠】
【A.A.S.】
then AB // CD. then AB // CD. then AB // CD. 【 corr. ∠s, ~rs】
【R.H.S.】
【corr. ∠s equal】 【alt. ∠s equal】 【int. ∠s supp】 【 corr. sides, ~rs】
【 corr. ∠s, ≅rs】
【 corr. sides, ≅rs】

 ∠C = 90°  a2 + b2 = c 2
If AB = AC, ∴ a2 + b2 = c 2 ∴ ∠C = 90° Sum of exterior angles
If a = b , 【Pyth. Theorem】 【converse of
Sum of interior angles
= 360°
then a = b . then AB = AC. = (n − 2) × 180°
【base ∠s, isos. r】 【sides opp. equal ∠s】 Pyth. Theorem】 【 ∠ sum of ext. ∠s
【 ∠ sum of polygon】
of polygon】

(O1 is the incentre.) (O2 is the circumcentre.) (O3 is the centroid.) (O4 is the orthocentre.)

If PQRS is a parallelogram, If PQRS is a parallelogram, If PQRS is a parallelogram,


then a = c and b = d .
then ∠P = ∠R and ∠Q = ∠S . then a = c and b = d . If PS // QR and a = b ,
【opp. sides of //gram 】 【diag. of //gram 】
【opp. ∠s of //gram 】 then PQRS is a parallelogram.
If a = c and b = d , 【opp. sides equal and //】
If ∠P = ∠R and ∠Q = ∠S , If a = c and b = d ,
then PQRS is a parallelogram.
then PQRS is a parallelogram. then PQRS is a parallelogram.
【opp. sides equal】
【opp. ∠s equal】 【diag. bisect each other】

 AB = BC and AD = DE  AC > AB b > c AC + AB > BC , AB + BC > AC ,


∴ 2BD = CE and BD // CE  AB = BC and AD // BE // CF ∴b > c ∴ AC > AB
BC + AC > AB
【Mid-pt. Theorem】 ∴ DE = EF 【greater side, 【greater ∠,
【triangle inequality】
【Intercept Theorem】 greater ∠】 greater side】
 OC ⊥ BC ∴ AC = BC  AC = BC ∴ OC ⊥ AB
 AB = CD ∴ OE = OF  OE = OF ∴ AB = CD
【line from centre ⊥ chord 【line joining centre to
【equal chords, 【chords equidistant from
bisects chord】 mid-pt. of chord ⊥ chord】
equidistant from centre】 centre are equal】

 ∠AOB = ∠COD  ∠AOB = ∠COD

(
(

( (
( (
 AB = CD ∴ AB = CD AB ∠AOB AB ∠ADB
∴ AB = CD
(
(

∴ AB = CD = =
【equal arcs, equal chords】
【equal ∠s, equal arcs】 【equal ∠s, equal chords】 CD ∠COD BC ∠BDC

(
(
 AB = CD  AB = CD ∴ AB = CD
(
(

 AB = CD ce
∴ ∠AOB = ∠COD 【equal chords, equal arcs】 【arcs prop. to ∠s 【arcs prop. to ∠s at ⊙ 】
∴ ∠AOB = ∠COD
【equal chords, equal ∠s】 at centre】
【equal arcs, equal ∠s】

 ∠ACB = 90°
a = 2b AB is a diameter. x=y
∴ ∠ACB = 90° ∴ AB is a diameter.
ce
【∠at centre twice ∠ at ⊙ 】 【∠s in the same segment】
【∠ in semicircle】 【converse of ∠ in semicircle】

 ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.  ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.


∴ a + c = 180°, b + d = 180° ∴x = y
【opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.】 【ext. ∠, cyclic quad.】

 ∠CBD = ∠CAD
 a + c = 180°
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic.  ∠ABC = ∠ADE ∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic.
【converse of ∠s in the same segment】 ∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic.
【ext. ∠ = int. opp. ∠】
【opp. ∠s supp.】

 AC is tangent ∴ ∠OBC = 90°  AB is tangent ∴ x = y


【tangent ⊥ radius】  AB, BC are tangent 【∠ in alt. segment】
 ∠OBC = 90° ∴ AC is tangent ∴ AB = BC  x = y ∴ AB is tangent
∴ ∠AOB = ∠COB
【converse of tangent ⊥ radius】 ∴ ∠ABO = ∠CBO 【converse of ∠ in alt. segment】
【tangent properties】

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