Project #3

November 29, 2021

CHE 492 - Computer Methods in Chemical Engineering - Dr. Jason Bara
Done By: Fawaz Alsaiede
Abdulaziz Alhumaidi
Mohammed Alajmi

1. Objective:
The world is currently experiencing a major energy transition towards renewable
energy sources. For this purpose, this project will gather and analyze real data
regarding the U.S. energy consumption and production by sector and source
respectively throughout the last 2 decades. It will also discuss the renewable energy
sources implemented in the U.S. and their contribution to the energy supply.
MATLAB was used to gather, analyze, and graphically represent the data collected.

2. Methods:
In order to study the U.S. energy sector including the integration of renewable energy
sources, we searched for real data published by trusted and approved journals as well
as the U.S. Energy Information Administration EIA and compared the collected data
in order to obtain the most accurate and precise results. MATLAB was used to
visualize this data using graphs, bar charts and pie charts. The data was also studied
where the mean and standard deviation for energy consumption were obtained using
mean()and std() respectively. The findings were then analyzed deducting crucial
findings and future implications. The full MATALAB script of the code used to
visualize and handle the data for the U.S. energy sector can be found in Appendix A.

3. Results:
The data collected was analyzed from various perspectives including the U.S. energy
production and consumption by source and sector respectively for the last 2 decades
as well as a case study for the year 2020 as can be seen in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
respectively. The contribution of the renewable energy sources as well as the
percentage share of each renewable source were also determined and represented in
Figures 6, 7 and 8 respectively. The mean energy consumption was determined and
found to be 97.67 quad BTU with a standard deviation of 2.2 quad BTU as well as the
mean energy production which is around 79.338 quad BTU with a standard deviation
of 9.99 quad BTU showing a curtail demand for energy production to cover the
required consumption.

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 Figure 1. U.S. Energy Production in quad BTU for the last 2 decades

Figure 2. U.S. Energy Production by Source in quad BTU for the last 2 decades

Figure 3. U.S. Energy Consumption in quad BTU for the last 2 decades

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 Figure 4. U.S. Energy Consumption by Source in quad BTU for the last 2 decades

Figure 5. U.S. Energy Consumption by Sector in quad BTU for year 2020

Figure 6. U.S. Renewable Energy Source Production in quad BTU for the year 2020

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 Figure 7. U.S. Energy Source Distribution for the year 2020

Figure 8. U.S. Renewable Energy Source Distribution for the year 2020

Table 1 above shows that the U.S. energy production has increased by 24% during the
last 2 decades peaking in the year 2019 with 102 quad BTU of energy produced. Figure 2
shows the increase in the usage of oil, gas and renewable energy sources for energy
production whereas there is a decrease in coal usage and a plateau for energy produced
nuclear power. Figure 3 shows a drastic variation in the energy consumed in the U.S.
showing increasing and decreasing trends. One must note the energy consumption
drastically decreased reaching a minimum during 2008 due to the economic crisis and
rising prices of oil and gas and 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic. Figure 4 reveals a
decreasing trend in the consumption of oil and coal for energy production whereas the
use of cleaner alternatives such as natural gas and renewable energy sources has
increased. Power generation, transportation and the industrial sector are the main energy
consumption sectors for the year 2020 is the U.S. as can be seen in Figure 5. On the other
hand, Figure 6 shows the main renewable energy sources where wind and hydroelectric
power are the main energy
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contributors. Finally, the results obtained in the figures earlier are verified and visually
represented using a pie chart as can be seen in Figures 7 and 8.
4. Discussion
The data collected reveal an increasing trend in energy demand and supply in the U.S.
due to the increase in population as well as the growth and development of the
economic and industrial sectors. The U.S. is also turning into natural gas as well as
renewable energy sources for its energy production in order to decrease its
greenhouse gas emissions as agreed on during the Paris agreement. The difference
between the energy consumption and production means is negative showing a crucial
need for energy production and the huge standard deviation in energy production
reveal the importance to search for new alternatives of energy in order to avoid future
energy and environmental crisis.
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Appendix A
A.1: Full script used to visualize and handle the data for the U.S.
energy sector.

A.1: Full script used to visualize and handle the data for the U.S. energy sector:
close all
clc
%%data for 2020 energy source
%%percentage first petrolum,second natural gas,third renewable, fourth coal
%%fifth nuclear
energysourceperc=[35 34 12 10 9];
labels={'Petroleum','Natural Gas','Renewable Energy', 'Coal','Nuclear'};
figure (1)
pie(energysourceperc)
legend(labels,'Location','westoutside','Orientation','vertical')
title('US Energy Source Percentages 2020')
%%energy quantity in quadrillion
energysourcebtu=(92.94/100)*energysourceperc;
%%percentage of renewable enrgy with first wood, second
%%biofuel,third biomass waste, fourth wind, fifth hydroelectric, sixth
%%solar and seventh geothermal
renewableperc=[18 17 4 26 22 11 2];
labels={'Wood','Biofuel','Biomass Waste',
'Wind','Hydroelectric','Solar','Geothermal'};
figure (2)
pie(renewableperc)
legend(labels,'Location','westoutside','Orientation','vertical')
title('US Renewable Energy Source Distribution 2020')
%%renewable energy quantity in quadrillion
renewablbtu=(11.59/100)*renewableperc;
labels={'Wood','Biofuel','Biomass Waste',
'Wind','Hydroelectric','Solar','Geothermal'};
figure(3)
histogram(renewablbtu)
bar(renewablbtu)
set(gca,'xticklabel',labels)
ylabel('Energy source in quad Btu')
title('US Renewable Energy Source in 2020')
%%energy consumption by sector in quads btu
%%first electric power, second transportation, third industrial, fourth
%%residential, fifth commercial
energyconsump= [35.74 24.23 22.10 6.54 4.32];
labels={'Electric Power', 'Transportation', 'Industrial', 'Residential',
'Commercial'};
figure(4)
histogram(energyconsump)
bar(energyconsump)
set(gca,'xticklabel',labels)
ylabel('Energy consumption percentage')
title('US Sectors Energy Consumption in 2020')
1A
%%US energy production source for last two decades
time=2000:1:2020;
production=[22.73 23.55 22.73 22.09 22.85 23.18 23.79 23.49
23.85 21.62 22.04 22.22 20.68 20 20.29 17.95 14.67 15.63
15.36 14.26 10.69;19.66 20.17 19.38 19.63 19.07 18.56 19.02
19.79 20.7 21.14 21.81 23.41 24.61 24.86 26.72 28.07 27.58
28.29 31.88 35.26 34.68;12.36 12.28 12.16 11.96 11.55 10.97
10.77 10.74 10.61 11.34 11.61 12 13.84 15.87 18.61 19.71
18.54 19.58 22.84 25.47 23.57;2.55 2.49 2.5 2.3 2.41 2.28
2.3 2.35 2.36 2.51 2.71 2.89 3.16 3.45 4 4.48 4.67
4.99 5.73 6.35 6.79;7.86 8.03 8.14 7.96 8.22 8.16
8.21 8.46 8.43 8.36 8.43 8.27 8.06 8.24 8.34 8.34
8.43 8.42 8.44 8.45 8.25;6.1 5.16 5.73 5.94 6.06
6.22 6.59 6.51 7.19 7.63 8.31 9.3 8.89 9.42 9.77
9.73 10.43 11.2 11.51 11.53 11.78];
figure (5)
plot(time,production(1,:),'-d')
hold on
plot(time,production(2,:),'-^')
plot(time,production(3,:),'-*')
plot(time,production(4,:),'--')
plot(time,production(5,:),'-o')
plot(time,production(6,:),'-s')
xlabel('year')
ylabel('Energy Production in Quads Btu')
title('US major energy production source for the last 2 decades')
legend('Coal', 'Natural Gas', 'Crude Oil', 'NGPL', 'Nuclear', 'Renewable
Energy')
totalproduction =sum(production);
figure (6)
plot(time,totalproduction)
xlabel('year')
ylabel('Energy Production in Quads Btu')
title('US major energy production for the last 2 decades')
%% mean of energy production for each type
Msourceproduct=mean(production');
%% mean of total energy production
Mtotalproduct=mean(totalproduction);
%% standard deviation of energy production for each type
Sproduct=std(production');
%% standard deviation of total energy production for 20 years
Stotalproduct=std(totalproduction);
consumption=[22.58 21.91 21.9 22.32 22.47 22.8 22.45 22.75
22.39 19.69 20.83 19.66 17.38 18.04 18 15.55 14.23 13.84
13.25 11.32 9.18;23.82 22.77 23.51 22.83 22.92 22.57 22.24
23.66 23.84 23.42 24.57 24.95 26.09 26.8 27.38 28.19 28.4
28.05 31.15 32.2 31.54;38.15 38.08 38.12 38.71 40.14 40.22
39.73 39.37 36.77 34.78 35.32 34.64 33.83 34.4 34.66 35.37
35.71 36.04 36.89 36.87 32.23;7.86 8.03 8.14 7.96 8.22
8.16 8.21 8.46 8.43 8.36 8.43 8.27 8.06 8.24 8.34
8.34 8.43 8.42 8.44 8.45 8.25;6.1 5.16 5.73 5.94
6.08 6.23 6.64 6.52 7.17 7.61 8.27 9.2 8.85 9.45
9.74 9.72 10.37 11.08 11.3 11.35 11.59];
figure (7)
plot(time,consumption(1,:),'-d')
2A
hold on
plot(time,consumption(2,:),'-^')
plot(time,consumption(3,:),'-*')
plot(time,consumption(4,:),'--')
plot(time,consumption(5,:),'-o')
xlabel('year')
ylabel('Energy Consumption in Quads Btu')
title('US major energy consumption source for the last 2 decades')
legend('Coal', 'Natural Gas', 'Petroleum', 'Nuclear', 'Renewable Energy')
totalconsumption =sum(consumption);
figure (8)
plot(time,totalconsumption)
xlabel('year')
ylabel('Energy Consumption in Quads Btu')
title('US major energy Consumption for the last 2 decades')
%% mean of energy consumption for each type
Msourceconsump=mean(consumption');
%% mean of total energy consumption
Mtotalconsumpt=mean(totalconsumption);
%% standard deviation of energy consumption for each type
Sconsumpt=std(consumption');
%% standard deviation of total energy consumption for 20 years
Stotalconsumpt=std(totalconsumption);
 3A
Sources:

https://www.eia.gov/ [1]
https://www.americangeosciences.org/ [2]
https://css.umich.edu/ [3]
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