PENETRANT TEST

Level II Examination - General

1. When applying a non-aqeous wet developer, which is best suited :

A. Flowing
B. Spraying
C. Dipping
D. Brushing

2. PT testing will not give correct results when one of the following contaminants are
present on the surface of the test piece ?
A. A thick coat of the paint
B. Oxide scales.
C. Embedded sand particles
D. All of the above

3. Which of the following discontinuities can affect the sensitivity of the penetrant test :
A. Very Cold water
B. Salt
C. Sulphuric acid
D. All of the above

4. Which of the following properties help mainly the Penetrant to enter the cavities or
discontinuities ?
A. Capillary action
B. Viscosity
C. Specific gravity
D. All of the above

5. How do you determine the length of the dwell time for an effective PT testing ?
A. Upon Inspector who carry out
B. Decided by the type of discontinuity to be found
C. By the surface condition of the test piece, very porous or smooth
D. Neither of the above is true.

6. Which of the following can be a non-relevant indication ?

A. Linear indication
B. A non linear indication
C. Multiple indications
D. Any one of the above

7. You can NOT detect which one of the following discontinuities?

A. Surface crater cracks
B. Surface undercut
C. Internal porosity
D. None of the above
8. Which condition can lead to a false indication?
A. Penetrant on the hands of the inspector
B. Penetrant on the work table
C. Contamination of the developer with penetrant
D. All of the above.

9. Which part is NOT suitable for Penetrant testing:

A. Highly porous material
B. A finely machined steel casting surface
C. A smooth surface aluminum forging
D. Weld joint in Stainless Steel piping

10. Which method is NOT suitable for surface preparation for doing PT Inspection?
A. Grinding/ shot blasting
B. Heavy grinding
C. Both ‘a’ and ‘b’
D. None of the above

11. By which of the following methods will you apply Penetrant?

A. Brushing
B. Dipping
C. Spraying
D. All of the above

12. The right time to start PT inspection is ?

A. To immediately after dwell time of the developer achieved
B. Before application of the developer
C. 30 minutes after the application of the penetrant
D. After post cleaning.

13. The term ‘wet’ , ‘dry’ , ‘non-aqeous wet’ are used to describe different types of?
A. Cleaners
B. Emulsifiers
C. Developers
D. Penetrants

14. When you use solvent removable Penetrant, the excess Penetrant is removed by?
A. By wiping with a wet cloth
B. By a lint free cotton cloth soaked with cleaner
C. By a lint free cotton cloth slightly moistened with cleaner
D. By spraying the cleaner

15. Which of the following statement is NOT true ?

A. An ASNT Level I operator can work all time independent of level II or level III.
B. An ASNT Level I operator can work only under the supervision of level II
C. An ASNT Level I operator can work follow a PT work instruction approved by level III
D. None of the above
16. Which of the following method is used to for removal of paint before doing PT testing?
A. Abrasion
B. Solvent cleaning
C. Etching
D. Vapor degreasing

17. Welds at construction sites are usually tested by which one of the following techniques?
A. Fluorescent dye Penetrant, solvent removable
B. Water washable fluorescent, dry developer
C. Visible dye Penetrant, solvent removable
D. None of the above

18. Which welding technique does not require pre cleaning before starting PT testing?:
A. SMAW
B. SAW
C. FCAW
D. Pre cleaning is required for welds done with all welding processes.

19. Which of the following developers are used in Penetrant testing ?

A. Dry
B. Water soluble
C. Non-aqeous wet or dry
D. All of the above

20. One of the following is not a function of the developer:

A. To provide a contrasting back ground
B. To blot (draw) out the Penetrant from the cavities
C. To form an indication even without a penetrant application.
D. None of the above

21. A good commercial Penetrant shall have :

A. A very low flash point
B. A practically high flash point
C. Flash point is not an important factor when selecting Penetrant
D. None of the above

22. Which of the following is not a generally-accepted method for cleaning parts prior to PT ?
A. Vapor degreasing
B. Liquid solvent
C. Wire brushing
D. Alkaline cleaner

23. The term to define the period of time in which the test part is covered with penetrant is :
A. Waiting time
B. Soak time (Drain time)
C. Penetration time (Dwell time)
D. Bleed-in time

24. Which of the following surface conditions could have a determinant affect on a PT ?
A. A wet surface
B. A rough weld
C. An oily surface
D. All of the above
25. Which of the following is the primary limitation of liquid penetrant testing ?
A. Penetrant testing cannot be used on ferromagnetic material
B. Penetrant testing cannot located shallow surface discontinuities
C. Penetrant testing cannot be used on non-metallic surfaces
D. Penetrant testing cannot located subsurface discontinuities

26. The most common type of contamination found in fluorescent penetrant fluid is :
A. Metal filings
B. Oil
C. Detergents from cleaning
D. Water

27. Which of the materials listed below is not normally tested by the PT method ?
A. Rubber
B. Aluminum
C. Glass
D. Copper

28. When conducting a water washable liquid penetrant test, the developer is applied :
A. Immediately after the penetrant has been applied
B. Immediately before the penetrant is applied
C. After removal of the penetrant and emulsifier built in
D. Before removal of the emulsifier

29. Before conducting a liquid PT, it is important to ensure the surface of the part is free of
:
A. Oil or grease
B. Acids of chromates
C. Traces of water
D. All of the above

30. A red against white background discontinuity image is most likely to be seen when :
A. Dry developers are used
B. Visible dye penetrants are used
C. Fluorescent post-emulsification penetrants are used
D. Wet developers are used

31. Which of the developers listed below is rated highest in sensitivity ?

A. Dry
B. Non-aqueous
C. Wet
D. All developers have approximately the same sensitivity

32. Which of the following factors will affect penetrant indications ?

A. The sensitivity of the penetrant materials used
B. The surface condition of the part
C. The temperature of the part and/or penetrant
D. All of the above
33. Which of the following penetrant methods does not require a source of electricity to
properly conduct a test ?
A. Water-washable fluorescent penetrant method
B. Post-emulsification fluorescent penetrant method
C. Visible dye penetrant method
D. None of the above require a source of electricity

34. Which of the items listed below is not an advantage of the liquid penetrant test
method?
A. The method can find all types of discontinuities
B. The method is simple in principle and relatively easy to understand
C. The method is essentially simple in application
D. The method is practically easy to apply at site work

35. Which of the following is not a recommended method for cleaning a surface prior to a
liquid penetrant test ?
A. Detergent
B. Vapor degreasing
C. Liquid solvent
D. Sand blasting

36. Which of the following are typical of foreign matter which might block the openings
of discontinuities if the surface of a test specimen is not cleaned properly ?
A. Water
B. Oxide
C. Carbon
D. All of the above

37. Which of the following is not a from in which penetrant developer is commonly
available?
A. Dry developer
B. Non-aqueous developer
C. Wet developer
D. High viscosity developer

38. Which of the following is the best reason why excessive drying of a part is not
described ?
A. The extra time required is wasted
B. The developer may lose its blotting ability
C. The penetrant may lose its sensitivity
D. The excess penetrant may be difficult to remove

39. Developer time depends on the :

A. Type of pre cleaner used
B. Type of developer used and type of discontinuity to be detected
C. Temper of the material being tested
D. All of the above

40. The Static Penetration Parameter (SPP) relates the properties of a liquid that control its `
A. Contact angle and viscosity
B. Contact angle and capillary action
C. Surface tension and contact angle
D. Capillary action and surface tension
41. Black light is required when conducting:
A. Visible dye, non-aqeous wet developer
B. Water washable fluorescent dye method
C. Solvent suspended fluorescent dye, non aqeous wet developer
D. Both ‘b’ and ‘c’

42. Black light used for fluorescent penetrant inspection can cause permanent damage to :
A. Human tissues
B. Human eyes
C. Human blood cells
D. None of the above

43. A black light lamp should not be used with a cracked filter or without the filter in place
because of the harmful effects to the human eyes caused by ____________ emitted
from such a lamp.
A. White light
B. Ultraviolet light
C. Infrared light
D. None of the above

44. Which of the following discontinuities are not normally found by the PT method ?
A. Surface porosity
B. Surface cracks
C. Laminations
D. Leaks in metal tubing

45. Which of the methods listed below is most applicable for detecting fine, tight surface
cracks ?
A. Visible dye, water washable
B. Visible dye, postemulsifiable
C. Fluorescent, water washable
D. Fluorescent, postemulsifiable
B. SPECIFIC (25 Questions)

1. How does a tight crack type discontinuity appear in PT testing as :

A. A large rounded indication
B. A continuous line , either jagged or straight line
C. A series of intermittent line ( in straight line or in zig-zag line)
D. All of the above is true

2. You can NOT detect which one of the following discontinuities?

A. Surface crater cracks
B. Surface undercut
C. Internal porosity
D. None of the above

3. Where do you get lamination type defects?

A. Castings
B. Forgings
C. Rolled products
D. Investment castings

4. Which type of discontinuity do NOT occur in a weld ?

A. Lap
B. Fish tail
C. Cold shut
D. All of the above

5. Which of the following defects does not occur in welding?

A. Crack
B. Lack of fusion
C. Lamination
D. Silica Inclusion

6. Which of the following defects is most dangerous to the service life of a component?
A. Rounded pores
B. Elongated pores
C. Crack
D. Slag Inclusion

7. Which of the following defects occur on the surface of the specimen?

A. Undercut
B. Fatigue crack
C. Porosity
D. All of the above

8. Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as a servicing discontinuity ?

A. Fatigue crack
B. Porosity
C. Machining tear
D. Lap

9. According to ASME V Article 6 – 2001, when conducting a visible dye penetrant test,
the brightness level of the white light on the part in the inspection area shall not be less
 than :
A. 5 fc (50 Lx)
B. 10 fc (100 Lx)
C. 30 fc (300 Lx)
D. 50 fc (500 Lx)

10. In accordance with ASME V Article 6 – 2001, If a penetrant test is to be conducted using
a visible dye penetrant in pressurized spray cans, the temperature of the test area shall
not be HIGHER than :
A. 125o F (52o C )
B. 60o F (16o C )
C. 50o F (10o C )
D. 20o F (-7o C )

11. Which of the following is information an inspector needs to have for proper
interpretation of penetrant indications ?
A. Previous manufacturing processes performed on the part
B. Technique used in applying and removing the penetrant
C. Method used to clean part prior to inspection
D. All of the above

12. PT can always be conducted after MT to get a critical inspection result?

A. True
B. False
C. Not sure
D. No comments

13. According to ASME V Article 6 fluorescent penetrants used, what minimum black light
intensity is recommended at the inspection surface ?
A. 800 micro W/cm2
B. 1000 micro W/cm2
C. 1500 micro W/cm2
D. 3000 micro W/cm2

14. The filter used in front of the high pressure mercury vapor light has a peak transmission
at what wavelength of light ?
A. 256 nm (2560 Ao)
B. 360 nm (3600 Ao)
C. 365 nm (3650 Ao)
D. 390 nm (3900 Ao)

15. What is the minimum length of dwell time of penetrant application as per PT procedure
attached ?
A. 5 minutes
B. Not less 10 minutes
C. As per manufactures recommendation
D. None of the above

16. As per PT procedure attached, suppose the applied penetrant dries up before removing the
excess penetrant. What is to be done ?
A. Completely remove the applied penetrant and re-do the test
B. Reapply the penetrant over the old one and wait for completing dwell time
C. Subsequently apply developer to get an indication
D. None of the above
17. As per PT procedure, what shall be the qualification of the NDT technician to carry out PT?
A. Qualified to ASNT Level II in any method
B. Qualified to ASNT Level II in PT
C. Qualified to PCN Level II in PT
D. Both B and C

18. This PT procedure attached is applicable for :

A. Ferrous materials only
B. All non-porous materials ( smooth surface )
C. Non-ferrous material only
D. Unglazed ceramics

19. State true or false : As per PT procedure intermixing of different brand names is allowed.
A. True
B. False
C. Either of the above
D. Not mentioned

20. State true or false : Post cleaning is Not required as per this PT procedure.
A. True
B. False
C. Either of the above
D. Not mentioned

21. According to ASME V – Non Destructive Examination Procedure that Visible color contrast penetrant
examination can be applied follow a fluorescent penetrant examination ?
A. True
B. False
C. Either of the above
D. Not mentioned

22. The temperature of test specimen indicated 65 o C. According to this PT Procedure and ASME V –
NDE Procedure. What is to be done ?
A. Use the PT chemicals same as this procedure
B. Use the PT chemicals same as this procedure but needed re-qualify this PT Procedure if
obtain same sensitivity
C. Use the other PT chemical for suitable application temperature
D. B and C are correct

23. According to ASME V Article 6, Which of the following describes the liquid penetrant comparator
block is used?
A. A panel with half chrome plated containing five crack centers and the other half grit
blasted
B. A cracked aluminum block
C. A chrome plated panel
D. Ceramic coated block

24. In accordance with AWS D1.1 Tubular Connection, the 0.25 mm depth lack of side wall fusion and
underfilled shall be
A. Accepted
B. Considered to whether tension or compression load
C. Rejected
D. Compared to RT result

25. According to API 1104 found a 3 mm diameter of crater crack, it shall be

A. Accepted
B. Considered to whether tension or compression load
C. Rejected
D. Compared to RT result