Introduction

Since it first appeared in our daily lives, radioactivity has been a naturally
occurring process (International Atomic Energy Agency, n.d.). The study of processes
involving the alteration of the nuclear structure is known as nuclear chemistry, also
known as radiochemistry (Flowers, P., et al.). Through the study of nuclear chemistry,
the members hope to better understand the process of radioactivity. In addition, it
deals with nuclear reactions, which can be categorized into four different types:
nuclear decay, nuclear fusion, nuclear fission, and nuclear transmutation. Different
nuclear chemistry-related issues were presented to the group members to solve
throughout this session. It was broken down into three (3) sections: nuclear, binding
energy, and rate of decay.

Although nuclear energy is generally viewed as destructive and terrible, there are
many positive applications for it in our daily lives. It is used in a variety of fields, such
as medicine, industry, agriculture, archaeology (carbon dating), geology, the
production of energy, and academia (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, n.d.). Its
effects rather than its field application are given more consideration in civil
engineering. Radiation may cause concrete aggregate to inflate, which could speed up
the material's rapid disintegration, which is primarily observed in concrete structures
in nuclear power plants.

The activity's goals were to identify the potential deteriorations an element might
experience. (ii) Become familiar with the various nuclear reactions, applications, and
formulae. (iii) Find solutions to word puzzles involving binding energy, mass defect,
and decay rate.

Methodology

Nuclear chemistry is the study of nuclear processes, such as radioactivity,

nuclear reactions, and rate of decay. It is also known as radiochemistry and deals with
understanding the process of radioactivity and the alteration of nuclear structure.
There are four types of nuclear reactions studied in nuclear chemistry: nuclear decay,
nuclear fusion, nuclear fission, and nuclear transmutation. The activity was divided
into three sections: nuclear, binding energy, and rate of decay, with the goal of solving
problems related to nuclear chemistry. Nuclear energy has positive applications in
fields such as medicine, industry, agriculture, and energy production, but the effects
of radiation on concrete structures in nuclear power plants were also considered. The
objectives of the activity were to identify potential deterioration of elements, become
familiar with various nuclear reactions and applications, and find solutions to word
puzzles involving binding energy, mass defect, and decay rate. It is recommended to
recheck data before finalizing for safety in nuclear chemistry.

Results and Discussions (Times New Roman, 12, Bold, 1.5 spaced, justified)

In this experiment, a variety of decay processes were observed, including alpha

decay, beta decay, proton emission, electron emission, and double alpha decay. The
decay of elements such as Hf-174, Re-188, Au-193, Bi-185, F-17, and F-20 were
observed through alpha decay and beta decay, with the emission of He-4, electrons,
neutrinos, and protons. Other processes such as O-19 emitting an electron and a
neutrino, Ne-19 emitting a positron, and Li-10 undergoing a neutron emission were
also observed. The calculation of mass defects for various elements including Helium-
4, Lithium-7, Beryllium-9, Boron-15, and Carbon-14 provided information about the
stability of atomic nuclei. The alpha decay of Fermium-246 to Thorium-234 and He-
4 had a mass defect of 7.628148 u and released an energy of 2.79 x 10^17 joules/mole,
while the positron emission of Fermium-246 to Dysprosium-246 and a positron had a
mass defect of 0.005879 u and released an energy of 0.78 x 10^14 joules/mole. The
results and discussions of this experiment demonstrate the fundamental principles of
nuclear physics and the energy-mass equivalence described by Einstein's theory of
special relativity.

Summary

The experiment in nuclear chemistry aimed to study nuclear processes such as

radioactivity, nuclear reactions and rate of decay, which can be categorized into four
types: nuclear decay, fusion, fission, and transmutation. The activity was divided into
three sections: nuclear, binding energy, and rate of decay. The objective was to
understand the potential deterioration of elements, familiarize with various nuclear
reactions and applications, and solve puzzles involving binding energy, mass defect,
and decay rate. The experiment observed different decay processes including alpha
decay, beta decay, proton emission, electron emission, and double alpha decay. The
calculation of mass defects for elements provided information about their stability.
The results showed the fundamental principles of nuclear physics and the energy-
mass equivalence described by Einstein's theory of special relativity.

Acknowledgements
 This Activity becomes possible with the help and support of our member's.
First
and foremost, praise and appreciation to God, the Almighty, for guiding us through
this
Experiment from the beginning to Completion.

We would like to express our gratitude to Ma'am Babeth Paulino Bisa our
Professor for Chemistry Laboratory providing us with this opportunity to doing this
Activity/Experiment and for providing us with vital guidance throughout the process.
Her genuineness and motivation truly moved us. We appreciate everything she has
done for us. Without her assistance, we would not have been able to complete this
task.

Being a student is not straightforward. Everyone can encounter challenges in

their daily lives, yet we must finish what we started. Through this activity, we
discovered that regardless of our situations, we could always figure something out.
Our generation has so many needs and wants, but we are delighted that this activity
has already come to a satisfactory conclusion. It is our pleasure to be part of this
experiment in the chemistry laboratory, as we think it should expand our
understanding of the field of science. Although there are numerous creatures in our
surroundings about which we know nothing, every living thing in our world does have
value.

We are grateful to our fellow Students for their contributions of knowledge

and
abilities, which significantly helped this kind of experiment, We'd like to express our
gratitude for the Fellow students, hard work and perseverance throughout this task.

References

https://youtube.com/watch?v=u5lOVeRBi4c&feature=shares

https://youtube.com/watch?v=AqRSS_gIHKA&feature=shares

https://youtube.com/watch?v=BmoSGyGTmAk&feature=shares

https://youtube.com/watch?v=o0KWOmNRn7A&feature=shares
Appendices (Times New Roman, 12, Bold, 1.5 spaced, justified)

This section contains the entirety of the experiment and activity. In order to examine
nuclear processes including radioactivity, nuclear reactions, and rate of decay, we,
the experiment's conductors, took out activities related to the experiment in nuclear
chemistry. The activities / experiment will be shown in the outline.

Appendix A: Analyze and resolve solutions to word puzzles involving binding energy,
mass defect, and decay rate

Appendix B: Analyzing the potential deteriorations an element might experience

Appendix C: Computation of each solving experiment

Appendix D: Determine the outcome of the three experiment

Appendix E: Compile all the results/answers and work for laboratory report

NOTES:
1. All tables, graphs, illustrations, images and the likes included in the report should
be labeled properly and are identified within the text.
2. Paper size: Legal
3. Margins: Left 1.5”, Top 1.5”, Right 1”, Bottom 1”
4. Page numbering: Bottom right
5. Paragraph formatting: Justified.
6. The report layout is continuous such that the different sections should not be located
7. The soft copy of the report should be in “pdf” format.