-Materials testing machines-

What is universal testing machine?

(UTM) is an acronym for Universal Testing Machine. It is
used to test the tensile stress and compressive strength of
materials. It is named after the fact that it can perform
many standard tensile and compression tests on
materials, components, and structures.
There are a variety of terms in the industry that are used
to refer to a UTM.
Most common are “tensile tester”, “compression tester”
and “bend tester”. There are also UTM’s that have been
stripped of capabilities or marketed to a specific sector
which have led to the development of specialized names

Here are a few examples of what a UTM can do:

Tensile test
Clamp a single piece of anything on each of its ends and
pull it apart until it breaks. This measures how strong it is
(tensile strength) how stretchy it is (elongation), and how
stiff it is (tensile modulus).
 Compression Test
The exact opposite of a tensile test. This is where you
compress an object between two level plates until a
certain load or distance has been reached or the product
breaks.
What is single testing machines?

Single testing machines are used primarily for tests which

impose particularly severe demands on load-frame
stiffness. Typical applications include low-cycle fatigue
tests, creep tests, fracture mechanics tests and tests on
springs and ceramics.
 Compression Test Machine
The Compression Test Machine is an ideal solution to high
capacity compression, flexural bend and shear testing
applications.
What is hydraulic machine?
Hydraulic machines use liquid fluid power to perform work.
Heavy construction vehicles are a common example. In
this type of machine, hydraulic fluid is pumped to various
hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders throughout the
machine and becomes pressurised according to the
resistance present. The fluid is controlled directly or
automatically by control valves and distributed through
hoses, tubes, and/or pipes.
What is mechanical machine?
A machine (or mechanical device) is a mechanical
structure that uses power to apply forces and control
movement to perform an intended action. Machines can
be driven by animals and people, by natural forces such
as wind and water, and by chemical, thermal, or electrical
power, and include a system of mechanisms that shape
the actuator input to achieve a specific application of
output forces and movement. They can also include
computers and sensors that monitor performance and plan
movement, often called mechanical systems.

Mechanical testing equipment is used in many fields.

Material testing, including rubber, ceramics, plastics,
metals, etc.
When choosing mechanical testing equipment, it is
important to know the parameters that need to be tested.
Not every item produced needs every type of mechanical
test. The temperature and humidity of the environment in
which the mechanical test equipment will be used should
also be taken into consideration. Some other features that
can vary among equipment are the user interfaces and the
display options .
Tensile testing machine

A tensile test is a test in which a tensile increase is loaded

onto a previously prepared sample Based on certain
standard specifications, by fixing the ends with special
equipment and throwing the axial and rear load, thus
increasing the length of the sample due to this tension.
Tensile and compression testing is the most common and
simple test, and the information obtained from these tests
is of particular interest to the designer. Tests are often
performed on full-size materials in the same formats as
samples, for example on wires, bars, pipes and wire
ropes. And others.

The tensile specimen shall be provided in different shapes

and its section shall be either circular or rectangular. The
round specimen shall be preferred if the thickness of the
test material permits it. The plates shall prefer flat
specimens. In the middle area, which is not affected by the
stresses of dogs, the term (Gauge Length) is based on the
distance that determines the length of the sample to
measure its elongation. Simple, Shouldered or Threaded.

Salma Mustafa Hazem Fouda