8/10/22, 10:26 PM NEET UG : Chemicals in Medicine, chemistry

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Chemistry » Chemicals in Medicine

Chemicals in Medicine
Drugs are chemical compounds. The chemicals in
medicine/drugs can modify the body's function, either
physically or psychologically, or even both at the same
time.

Table of Content
Primary Keyword Chemicals in medicine
Chemicals used in medicine
Chemicals used in Medicine
Conclusion

Primary Keyword: Chemicals

in medicine , Chemicals used
in medicine
Given the emergence of a virus as a
worldwide threat to humanity, it is
superfluous to highlight the importance of
medicinal chemistry in contemporary
culture. We have seen personally how fast
a virus may erupt into a pandemic if we lack
access to appropriate treatments and
immunisations.

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Pharmaceuticals are chemical substances.

Chemicals in medicine/drugs may alter the
body’s functions on a physical or
psychological level, or possibly both. Small
molecule medications are molecules with
low molecular masses (between 150 and
500u) that interact with macromolecule
targets and generate desired biological
responses. Pharmaceuticals are referred to
as medicines employed to induce a
favorable and therapeutic biological
response.

Chemicals used in Medicine

Chemical composition, biological
interactions, and other variables are used to
classify medicines into various categories.
Here is a breakdown of the compounds
used in medicine:

Antacid chemicals

In our stomachs, we have hydrochloric acid,

a gastric acid that aids in digestion and
fights stomach illness. Acid reflux disease is
caused by an overabundance of stomach
acid, leading to symptoms such as gastric
ulcers and heartburn. ‘Antacids’ are
required to treat this disease. Acid reflux
may be relieved by taking antacids, which
are chemical compounds used to neutralize
excess stomach acids and gastric fluids.

Ranitidine, Sodium Bicarbonate, and

Magnesium Hydroxide are among the
examples.

Antihistamines

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Antihistamines are medications that are

used to treat allergic symptoms and
illnesses. People who are sensitive to
pollen and other allergens are the most
likely to use these products. The most often
prescribed antihistamine medications are
cetirizine, brompheniramine Seldane, and
pheniramine maleate.

Analgesics and Tranquilizers

Painkillers and tranquilizers fall into two

categories. Medication that has a
neurotransmitter-like function facilitates
signal transmission from a neuron to a
receptor. There are two basic classes of
medications: sedatives and analgesics.

Tranquilizers

Tranquilizers have a calming effect on the

body and mind, and they assist patients to
feel relaxed and serene by reducing both
the physical and psychological symptoms of
anxiety or stress, among other things. Only
short- and medium-term use is
recommended due to their inclusion in
sleeping medicines.

Neurotransmitter noradrenaline is
measured in the blood, which has a
substantial impact on mood. If the
noradrenaline level in the circulation is low,
the person is depressed. Antidepressant
medication is crucial in treating these kinds
of issues. Examples of these drugs include
pentobarbital, Xanax (Alprazolam), Limbitrol
(Chlordiazepoxide), and Valium
(Diazepam).

Analgesics
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Analgesics relieve pain by blocking the

transmission of pain signals to the brain.
They are also referred to as “pain relievers.”
They are classified into two categories:

Non-narcotic analgesics

Non-narcotic analgesics, such as ibuprofen,

as well as antipyretics, which inhibit the
hypothalamus’s synthesis of
prostaglandins, are also available. Aspirin
and paracetamol are two of the most well-
known drugs in this class. The chemical
name for aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid. It is
used in the treatment of pain, fever, and
inflammation, among other conditions. It is
also used to alleviate minor discomfort,
such as aches and pains, as well as to treat
fever. Their non-narcotic analgesic
properties indicate that they are less likely
to become addictive.

Narcotic Analgesics

By engaging with particular opiate

receptors, narcotic analgesics provide
desirable pharmacological effects such as
fever reduction and sleep induction.
Morphine opioids (obtained from the opium
poppy) are most commonly used to provide
pain relief during surgery, heart discomfort,
labor pain during childbirth, advanced
cancer stages, and other conditions.

Antimicrobials

Antimicrobials are a class of medications

that work by slowing the growth of disease-
causing microbes such as bacteria, fungi,
viruses, and other pathogenic organisms.
Antibiotics, for example, are used against
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bacteria, antivirals are used against viruses,

and antifungals are used against fungus.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial

illnesses because they are less hazardous
to people and animals than other
medications. Antibiotics are now defined as
a material created entirely or in part by
chemical synthesis that inhibits the
development of infections or causes them
to be destroyed.

Paul Ehrlich, a German bacteriologist, was

the pioneer in the development of
antibiotics. He investigated the medicine
arsphenamine (an arsenic-based structure),
better known as salvarsan, for the
treatment of syphilis. However,
arsphenamine and salvarsan are toxic to
humans and are no longer used for this
purpose. The discovery of Penicillin from a
fungus by Alexander Fleming in 1929
marked the beginning of a true revolution in
the area of antibiotics, which continues to
this day.

Antiseptics and disinfectants

Antiseptics are substances that are used to

inhibit the growth of bacteria or to kill them
without causing harm to the live tissues.
They can be used to treat wounds, cuts,
and contaminated skin surfaces, among
other things. They are also used in
deodorants, mouthwashes, and mouth
fresheners to eliminate the unpleasant
odors created by a bacterial breakdown in
the body, which can be unpleasant for the
user.
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When comparing antiseptics with

disinfectants, the most significant distinction
is that an antiseptic is administered to live
cells, whilst disinfectants are applied to
non-living surfaces in order to eliminate
germs. Dettol is a typical antiseptic that is
made out of a blend of chloroxylenol and
terpineol, among other ingredients.
Disinfectants are chemicals such as
chlorine and phenol solutions.

Conclusion
Medicine is a chemical molecule that is
used to treat ailments or alleviate pain in
patients. Chemicals in medicine can cure or
deteriorate your health. Traditional
medicines are distinguished from
contemporary medications, which are the
opposite of each other. Traditional
medications are taken from natural
resources such as plants and animals,
whereas contemporary medicines are
created artificially in a laboratory and then
administered to patients. Unwanted side
effects of medications are common.
Medicines should also be taken in the
manner suggested by a healthcare
professional in order to avoid any negative
effects.

Frequently
asked
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questions
Get answers to the most common
queries related to the NEET UG
Examination Preparation.

Name the chemicals that are

utilized in medicines.
Answer : The chemicals that are used in
medicines include benzyl chloride, diethyl ether,
acetic anhydride,...Read full

Mention the usage of

chemistry within pharmacy.
Answer : Organic chemistry is vital in the
pharmaceutical industry. The information about
organic compounds...Read full

Can chemicals in medicines be

toxic?
Answer : Chemicals in medicines can be
extremely toxic and lead to multiple health
damages to human beings ...Read full

Is chemistry vital for

medicines?
Answer : Medicines are completely made up of
chemicals. Therefore, medicines are a result of
chemistry and ...Read full

Is that true that all drugs are

medicines?
Answer : All medicines are drugs. However, all
drugs are not medicines. When drugs are
consumed for a usefu...Read full
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