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MTP and PCPNDT Act

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 Section I

MTP and PCPNDT Act

1. Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, Rules and

Regulations
2. MTP Act—Need for Change
3. MTP Act: Registration of Place and Maintenance of
Records
4. The Legal Aspects of PCPNDT Act: A Moral Correction
5. PCPNDT Act and Rules
6. PCPNDT Act—Practitioner’s Perspective
 1
Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)
Act, Rules and Regulations
Rajashree Dayanand Katke

The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act in India came into existence in 1971. It was
amended in 2002 to facilitate better and more universal implementation and increase access
for women especially in private health sector. However, even four decades after the Act came
into effect, unsafe abortions are a reality.

History
The Indian Penal Code was enacted in 1860 and was written by the British. At the time of its
creation, it declared induced abortion as illegal, the only exception being when abortion was
induced in order to save the life of the woman.1 Despite the fact that this passage in the penal
code was changed in Great Britain in 1967, India did not change it until 1971.1
Countless women died attempting illegal abortions as a result of the penal code, and it was
a combination of this and the growing population that made the country reconsider its initial
stance in 1971.1 (Amended in 2002.)
Unsafe abortions still contribute to eight per cent of total maternal deaths in India
emphasizing the need for further amendments to this Act.

MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY ACT, 1971 [34 OF 1971, DT 10-8-1971]

(As amended by the Delegated Legislation Provisions (Amendment) Act, 2004)
An Act to provide for the termination of certain pregnancies by registered medical practitioners
and for matters connected herewith or incidental thereto.
Be it enacted by Parliament in the Twenty-second Year of the Republic of India as follows:
1. Short title, extent and commencement
1. This Act may be called Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971.
2. It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
3. It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification
in the Official Gazette, appoint.

3
 4 Playing by the Rules

2. Definitions
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,
a. “guardian” means a person having the person of a minor or a [mentally ill person];
b. “mentally ill person”, means a person who is in need for treatment by reason of any
mental disorder other than mental retardation.
Prior to amendment of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 by the Medical
Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act, 2002, the word “lunatic” was used in Section
2 (b) by the amending Act the words “mentally ill person” have been substituted for the
word “lunatic”. The clause as it stood before the amendment read.
c. “minor” means a person who, under the provisions of the Indian Majority Act, 1875 (9
of 1875), is to be deemed not to have attained his majority;
d. “registered medical practitioner” means a medical practitioner who possesses any
recognized medical qualification as defined in Clause (h) of Section 2 of the Indian
Medical Council Act, 1956 (102 of 1956), whose name has been entered in a State Medical
Register and who has such experience or training in gynaecology and obstetrics as
may be prescribed by rules made under this Act.
3. When can pregnancy be terminated by registered medical practitioners: Pregnancy can
be terminated by 1 Registered Medical Practitioner up to 12 weeks of pregnancy, and up
to 20 weeks with the consent of 2 Registered Medical Practitioners in the following situations
i. the continuance of the pregnancy would involve a risk to the life of the pregnant woman
or of grave injury to her physical or mental health, or
ii. there is a substantial risk that if the children were born, it would suffer from such
physical or mental abnormalities as to be seriously handicapped.
iii. In determining whether the continuance of a pregnancy would involve such risk of
injury to the health as is mentioned in Subsection (2) account may be taken of the
pregnant woman’s actual or reasonably foreseeable environment.
Place where pregnancy may be terminated: No termination of pregnancy shall be made in
accordance with this Act at any place other than:
a. a hospital established or maintained by government, or
b. a place for the time being approved for the purpose of this Act by Government or by The
District Level Committee.

MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY AMENDMENT

ACT, 2002 (No. 64 OF 2002)
An Act to amend the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971
Be it enacted by parliament in the Fifty-third Year of the Republic of India as follows:
1. This Act may be called the Medcial Termination of Pregnancy (amendment) Act, 2002.
2. It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification in the
official gazette, appoint.
 Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, Rules and Regulations 5

Amendments
In Section 2 of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 (34 of 1971).
i. In Clause (a), for the word “lunatic”, the words “mentally ill person” shall be substituted.
ii. For Clause (b), the following clause shall be substituted, namely
“Mentally ill person” means a person who is in need of treatment by reason of any mental
disorder other than mental retardation:
3. In Section 3 of the Principal Act, in Subsection (4) in Clause (a) for the word “lunatic”, the
words “mentally ill person” shall be substituted.
4. For Section 4 of the Principal Act, the following section shall be substituted, namely:
No termination of pregnancy shall be made in accordance with this Act at any place other
than
a. a hospital established or maintained by Government, or
b. a place for the time being approved for the purpose of this Act by Government or a
district level committee constituted by that Government with the chief medical officer or
district health officer as the chairperson of the said committee:
Provided that the district level committee shall consist of not less than three and not
more than five members including the chairperson as the government may specify from
time to time:”
5. In Section 5 of the Principal Act, for Subsection (2) and the explanation thereto, the following
shall be substituted, namely:
1. Notwithstanding anything contained in the Indian Penal Code, the termination of
pregnancy by a person who is not a registered medical practitioner shall be an offence
punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than two years
but which may extend to seven years under that code, and that code shall to this extent
stand modified.
2. Whoever terminates any pregnancy in a place other than that mentioned in Section 4,
shall be punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than
two years but which may extend to seven years.
3. Any person being owner of a place which is not approved under Clause (b) of Section 4
shall be punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than
two years but which may extend to seven years.
4. Who can perform MTP under Clause (d) of Section 2
a. In the case of a medical practitioner who was registered in a State Medical Register
immediately before the commencement of the Act, experience in the practice of
gynaecology and obstetrics for a period of not less than three years.
b. In case of a medical practitioner who was registered in a State Medical Register:
i. if he has completed six months of house surgery in gynaecology and obstetrics; or
ii. unless the following facilities are provided therein, if he had experience at any
hospital for a period of not less than one year in the practice of obstetrics and
gynaecology; or
c. If he has assisted a Registered Medical Practitioner in the performance of twenty-five
cases of medical termination of pregnancy of which at least five have been performed
 6 Playing by the Rules

independently, in a hospital established or maintained, or training institute approved

for this purpose, by the government.
i. this training would enable the Registered Medical Practitioner (RMP) to do only
1st trimester terminations (up to 12 weeks of gestation)
ii. for terminations up to twenty weeks the experience or training as prescribed under
Sub-rules (a), (b) and (d) shall apply.
d. In the case of medical practitioner who has been registered in a State Medical Register
and who holds a postgraduate degree or diploma in gynaecology and obstetrics, the
experience or training gained during the course of such degree or diploma.
5. Approval of a place
1. No place shall be approved under Clause (b) of Section 4,
i. unless the government is satisfied that termination of pregnancies may be done therein
under safe and hygienic conditions; and
ii. unless the following facilities are provided therein, namely:
In case of first trimester, that is, up to 12 weeks of pregnancy
A gynaecology examination/labour table resuscitation and sterilization equipment, drugs
and parental fluid, back up facilities for treatment of shock and facilities for transportation;
and
In case of second trimester, that is up to 20 weeks of pregnancy
a. an operation table and instruments for performing abdominal or gynaecological
surgery;
b. anaesthetic equipment, resuscitation equipment and sterilization equipment;
c. drugs and parenteral fluids for emergency use, notified by Government of India
from time to time.
6. Inspection of a place
1. A place approved under Rule 5 may be inspected by the Chief Medical Officer of the
District, as often as may be necessary with a view to verify whether termination of
pregnancies is being done therein under safe and hygienic conditions.
2. If the Chief Medical Officer has reason to believe that there has been death of, or injury
to, a pregnant woman at the place or that termination of pregnancies is not being done
at the place under safe and hygienic conditions, he may call for any information or
may seize any article, medicine, ampoule, admission register or other document,
maintained, kept or found at the place.
3. The provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974), relating to seizure
shall, so far as may be, apply to seizure made under Sub-rule (2).
7. Cancellation or suspension of certificate of approval
1. If, after inspection of any place approved under Rule 5, the Chief Medical Officer of
the District is satisfied that the facilities specified in Rule 5 are not being properly
maintained therein and the termination of pregnancy at such place cannot be made
under safe and hygienic conditions, he shall make a report of the fact to the Committee
giving the detail of the deficiencies or defects found at the place and the committee
may, if it is satisfied, suspend or cancel.
 Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, Rules and Regulations 7

2. Where a certificate issued under Rule 5 is cancelled, the owner of the place may make
such additions or improvements in the place thereafter, he may make an application
to the committee for grant of approval under Rule 5.
3. In the event of suspension of a certificate, of approval, the place shall not be deemed to
be an approved place for the purposes of termination of pregnancy from the date of
communication of the order of such suspension.
8. Review
1. The owner of a place who is aggrieved by an order made under Rule 7 may make an
application for review of the order to the government within a period of sixty days
from the date of such order.
Provide that the government may condone any delay in case it is satisfied that applicant
was prevented by sufficient cause to make application within time.
2. The government may, after giving the owner an opportunity of being heard, confirm,
modify or reverse the order.
9. Form of consent: The consent referred to in Subsection (4) of Section 3 shall be given in
Form C.
10. Repeal and saving: The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Rules, 1975 are hereby repealed
except as respects things done or omitted to be done before such repeal.

Custody of Forms
1. The consent given by a pregnant woman for the termination of her pregnancy, together
with the certified opinion recorded under Section 3 or Section 5, as the case may be and the
intimation of termination of pregnancy shall be placed in an envelope which shall be sealed
by the registered medical practitioner or practitioners by whom such termination of
pregnancy was performed and until that envelope is sent to the head of the hospital or
owner of the approved place of the Chief Medical Officer of the State, it shall be kept in the
safe custody of the concerned registered medical practitioner or practitioners, as the case
may be.
2. On every envelope referred to in Sub-regulation (1), pertaining to the termination of
pregnancy under Section 3, there shall be noted the serial number assigned to the pregnant
woman in the Admission Register and the name of the registered medical practitioner or
practitioners by whom the pregnancy was terminated and such envelope shall be marked
“SECRET”.
3. Every envelope referred to in Sub-regulation (2) shall be sent immediately after the
termination of the pregnancy to the head of the hospital or owner of the approved place
where the pregnancy was terminated.
4. On receipt of the envelope referred to in Sub-regulation (3), the head of the hospital or
owner of the approved place shall arrange to keep the same in safe custody.
5. Every head of the hospital or owner of the approved place shall send to the Chief Medical
Officer of the State, in a Form II a monthly statement of cases where medical termination of
pregnancy has been done.
6. On every envelope referred to in Sub-regulation (1), pertaining to a termination of pregnancy
under Section 5, shall be noted the name and address of the registered medical practitioner
 8 Playing by the Rules

by whom the pregnancy was terminated and the date on which the pregnancy was
terminated and such envelopes shall be marked “SECRET”.

Maintenance of Admission Register

1. Every head of the hospital or owner of the approved place shall maintain a registered in
Form III for recording therein the details of the admissions or women for the termination
of their pregnancies and keep such register for a period of five years from the end of the
calendar year it relates to.
2. The entries in the Admission Register shall be made serially and a fresh serial shall be
started at the commencement of each calendar year and the serial number of the particular
year shall be distinguished from the serial number of other years by mentioning the year
against the serial number, for example, serial number 5 of 1972 and serial number 5 of 1973
shall be mentioned as 5/1972 and 5/1973.
3. Admission Register shall be a secret document and the information contained therein as to
the name and other particulars of the pregnant woman shall not be disclosed to any person.
Admission Register not to be open to inspection: The Admission Register shall be kept in the
safe custody of the head of the hospital or owner of the approved place, or by any person
authorised by such head or owner and save as otherwise provided in Sub-regulation (5) of
Regulation 4 shall not be open to inspection by any person except under the authority of law:
Provided that the registered medical practitioner shall, on the application of an employed
woman whose pregnancy has been terminated, grant a certificate for the purpose of enabling
her to obtain leave from her employer:
Provided further that any such employer shall not disclose this information to any other
person.
1. Entries in registers maintained in hospital or approved place: No entry shall be made in
any case-sheet, operation theatre register, follow-up card or any other document or register
(except the Admission Register) maintained at any hospital or approved place indicating
therein the name of the pregnant woman and reference to the pregnant woman shall be
made therein by the serial number assigned to such woman in the Admission Register.

VARIOUS FORMS UNDER MTP ACT, 1971

FORM A
[See Sub-rule (2) of Rule 5]
Form of application for the approval of a place under Clause (b) of Section 4.
Category of approved place:
A. Pregnancy can be terminated up to 12 weeks
B. Pregnancy can be terminated up to 20 weeks
1. Name of the place (in capital letters): ________________________________
2. Address in full: ________________________________
3. Non-governmental/Private/Nursing Home/Other Institutions: ___________________
4. State, if the following facilities are available at the place: __________________________
 Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, Rules and Regulations 9

CATEGORY A
i. Gynaecological examination/labour table
ii. Resuscitation equipment
iii. Sterilization equipment
iv. Facilities for treatment of shock, including emergency drugs
v. Facilities for transportation, if required

CATEGORY B
i. An operation table and instruments for performance abdominal or gynaecological surgery.
ii. Drugs and parental fluid in sufficient supply emergency cases.
iii. Anaesthetic equipment, resuscitation equipment and sterilisation equipment.

Place:
Date:
Signature of the owner of the place

FORM B
[Refer Sub-rule (6) of Rule 5]
Certificate of approval
The place described below is hereby approved for the purpose of the Medical Termination of
Pregnancy Act, 1971 (34 of 1971).
As read within up to ___________ weeks
Name of the place: ___________
Address and other descriptions
Name of the owner

Place:
Date:
To the Government of the _______________________________

FORM C
(See Rule 9)
I _______________________________ daughter/wife of ___________________________ aged about
____________________________ years of ____________________________ (here state the permanent
address) at present residing at ___________________________ do hereby give my consent to be
termination of my pregnancy at _____________________________
(State the name of place where the pregnancy is to be terminated).
 10 Playing by the Rules

Place:
Date:
Signature
(To be filled in by guardian where the woman is a mentally ill person or minor).
I ________________________ son/daughter/wife of _________________________ aged about
_______________________ years of _____________________ at present residing at (permanent address)
________________________________________________________ do hereby give my consent to the
termination of my pregnancy of my ward _____________________ who is a minor/lunatic at
____________________ (place of termination of pregnancy).

Place:
Date:
Signature

FORM 1
(See Regulation 3)
I ____________________________ (Name and qualifications of the Registered Medical Practitioner
in block letters) _________________________
(Full address of the Registered Medical Practitioner)
I _________________________ (Name and qualifications of the Registered Medical Practitioner in
block letters) _________________________
(Full address of the Registered Medical Practitioner) hereby certify that I*/We/am/are of
opinion, formed in good faith, that it is necessary to terminate the pregnancy of
_________________________ (Full name of the pregnant woman in block letters) resident of
_______________________ (Full address of the woman in block letters) for the reasons given below**.
I/We hereby give intimation that I*/We terminated the pregnancy of the woman referred to
above who bears the serial No. ___________________ in the Admission Register of the Hospital/
approved place.

Signature of the Registered Medical Practitioner/Practitioners

Place:
Date:
*Strike out whichever is not applicable.
**of the reasons specified items (i) to (v) write the one which is appropriate:
i. In order to save the life of the pregnant woman.
ii. In order to prevent grave injury to the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman.
iii. In view of the substantial risk that if the child was born it would suffer from such physical
or mental abnormalities as to be seriously handicapped.
iv. As the pregnancy is alleged by pregnant woman to have been caused by rape.
 Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, Rules and Regulations 11

v. As the pregnancy has occurred as a result of failure of any contraceptive device or methods
used by married woman or her husband for the purpose of limiting the number of children.
Note: Account may be taken of the pregnant woman’s actual or reasonably foreseeable
environment in determining whether the continuance of a pregnancy would involve a grave
injury to her physical or mental health.
Place:
Date:
Signature of the Registered Medical Practitioner/Practitioners

FORM II
[See Regulation 4(5)]
1. Name of the State __________________________________
2. Name of Hospital/approved place __________________________________
3. Duration of pregnancy (give total No. only)
a. Up to 12 weeks __________________________________
b. Between 12 and 20 weeks __________________________________
4. Religions of women:
a. Hindu
b. Muslim
c. Christian
d. Others
e. Total
5. Termination with acceptance of contraception:
a. Sterilisation
b. I.U.D.
6. Reasons for termination (give total number under each sub-head):
a. Danger to life of the pregnant woman.
b. Grave injury to the physical health of the pregnant woman.
c. Grave injury to the mental health of the pregnant woman.
d. Pregnancy caused by rape.
e. Substantial risk that if the child was born, it would suffer from such physical or mental
abnormalities as to be seriously handicapped.
f. Failure of any contraceptive device or method.

Signature of the Officer In-Charge with date

 12 Playing by the Rules

FORM III
(See Regulation 5)
ADMISSION REGISTER
(To be destroyed on the expiry of five years from the dated of the last entry in the Register)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sr. No. Date of Name of Wife/ Age Religion Address

admission Patient daughter of

8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Duration Reason on Date of Date of Result and Name of Name of
of pregnancy which termination discharge remarks registered registered
pregnancy of pregnancy of patient medical medical
terminated practitioner(s) practitioner(s)
by whom the by whom
opinion is pregnancy
formed terminated

[F No.M.12015/11/2003-MCH]

REFERENCES
1. Chandrasekhar, S. India’s Abortion Experience Denton, TX: University of North Texas Press, 1994.
2. Consortium on National Consensus for Medical Abortion in India. Archived from the original on 20
November 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-03.
3. “Current status of abortion in India”. Consortium on National Consensus for Medical Abortion in
India. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
4. Ministry of Health and family welfare—Guidelines of MTP Act amended in 2002.

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