YOUR TEACHER:

CIKGU SURIYATI YUSOFF

SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH
 LEARNING STANDARD 1
STANDARD PEMBELAJARAN 1

3.2.1 Menjelaskan Hukum Kepler I, II

dan III
A German astronomist, mathematician
and astrologist who formulated three
laws that describe the movement of
planets around the Sun
1 All planets move in elliptical orbits with
the Sun at one focus (Law of Orbit)
 Ellipse

The distance is further

at the major axis.

The shape of the orbit is

almost round.
 The planets in the Solar System have
elliptical shaped orbits

Planets can be assumed to make

Sun always stays on circular motion around the Sun
a focus of the ellipse

The major axis is longer

than the minor axis

As such, the shape of

the elliptical orbit of the The radius of orbit is the average value
planets in the Solar of the distance between the planet and
System is almost round the Sun.
 A line that connect a planet to the Sun
2 sweeps out equal areas in equal times
(Law of Areas)
If a planet takes the same amount of
time to move from A to B and from C
to D, the area AFB is the same as the
area CFD

Distance AB is longer
than distance CD

The planet is moving

at a higher linear speed
from A to B than from
C to D
 The square of the orbital period of any
3 planet is directly proportional to the cube
of the radius of its orbit (Law of Period)
- A planet which orbits
with a larger radius has
a longer orbital period.
- Planets which are
further from the Sun
take a longer time to
complete one orbit
around the Sun.
- For example, the Earth
takes 1 year to make
one complete orbit
while Saturn takes 29.5
years.
Planet and orbital period
Planet dan Tempoh Orbit
PLANET ORBITAL PERIOD
Mercury 0.2 years
Venus 0.6 years
Earth 1.0 years
Mars 1.9 years
Jupiter 11.9 years
Saturn 29.5 years
Uranus 84.0 years
Neptune 164.8 years