Pumps

Engine driven pumps (EDP) or electrically driven pumps may be classified

as follows:
Constant Delivery (Fixed Volume) Type Pump(ACOV)
Constant Pressure (Variable Volume) Pump

Constant Delivery (Fixed Volume) Type Pump.

This pump supplies fluid at a constant rate and therefore needs an automatic
cut-out or relief valve.

Constant Pressure (Variable Volume) Pump.

This pump supplies fluid at a variable volume and controls its own pressure,
this type of pump is typically fitted in modern aircraft .

Hydraulic Lock
When fluid is trapped between the piston of the jack and a non-return valve, a
“hydraulic lock” is said to be formed

PRESSURE CONTROL VALVES

Relief valves All act as safety devices to relieve excess pressure in the system
back to reservoir.

 expansion (thermal relief).

 ultimate system protection (full flow relief).
 mechanical overload protection (flap relief).

Pressure Maintaining Valves. or priority valve, is basically a relief valve

which maintains the pressure in a primary service at a value suitable for
operation of that service, regardless of secondary service requirements.
Pressure Reducing Valves. A pressure reducing valve is often used to reduce
main system pressure to a value suitable for operation of a service such as
the wheel brakes.

Flow Control
 Non-return Valves(One Way Check valve or Non-reversible valve)The
most common device used to control the flow of fluid is the non-return
valve, which permits full flow in one direction, but blocks flow in the
opposite direction.

 One Way Check valve or Non-reversible valve similar in construction to

a non-return valve, but a restrictor valve is designed to permit limited
flow in one direction and full flow in the other direction(used to slow
down flap retraction or landing gear extension (up line for both)

Shuttle Valves. These are often used in landing gear and brake systems, to
enable an alternate system to operate the same actuators as the normal system.
Sequence Valves. When there is a sequence to flow, often fitted in a landing
gear circuit to ensure correct operation of the landing gear doors and jacks
System Control

 Cabin Pressurization is controlled by having a constant mass flow of air

entering the cabin and then varying the rate at which it is discharged
to atmosphere.
 The constant mass flow of air is supplied by the air conditioning
system via the mass flow controller and is discharged to atmosphere by
the discharge or outflow valves.
 Closing the valve reduces the outflow and increases the pressure,
Opening the valve increases the outflow and reduces the pressure.
Ditching control

 Closes all the discharge valves to reduce the flow of water I to the cabin
in the event of a forced landing in water.
Safety valve. A simple mechanical outwards pressure relief valve fitted to
relieve positive pressure in the cabin when the maximum pressure differential
allowed for the aircraft type is exceeded i.e. prevents the structural max. diff.
being exceeded.
Inwards relief (inwards vent) valve.A simple mechanical inwards relief
valve is fitted to prevent excessive negative differential pressure which will
open if the pressure outside the aircraft exceeds that inside the aircraft by
0.5 to 1.0 psi.