TRIAL EXAM SEM 1 BIOLOGY DAERAH STPM 2023

ANSWERS

1 D 6 B 11 B
2 B 7 B 12 D
3 C 8 D 13 C
4 B 9 A 14 C
5 B 10 C 15 C

16 (a) P: peripheral protein/ extrinsic protein/ surface protein 2m

S: glycoprotein

(b) P1: Q has hydrophilic head that is attracted to water and hydrophobic 2m
tail that repel from water.
P2: thus it arranges in bilayer where the head facing aqueous solution
outside and inside the cell/ the tails face inwards

(c) P1: control/ regulate fluidity of plasma membrane Any 2

P2: increase fluidity of plasma membrane when temperature reduces
P3: decrease fluidity of plasma membrane when temperature increases
P4: decrease permeability of plasma membrane to polar molecules
P5: increase permeability of plasma membrane to non-polar molecules

(d) K+, Na+, Cl-, HCO3-(an example of ion) 1m

17 (a) ATP 1m

(b)(i) Non - cyclic photophosphorylation 1m

(b) (ii) thylakoid / granum 1m

(c) (i) P1: NADP+ receives electron that is excited from P700/ PSI 2m
P2: it also combines with proton/ H+ from photolysis of water

(c) (ii) P1: it reduces glycerate-1,3-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 2m

P2: to form the organic substances/ sugar

(d) The light reactions require ADP and NADP+ which are generated from 1m
Calvin cycle. They would not be formed if Calvin cycle stopped

Section C

18 (a) (i)

1. Bonds that held the protein in a specific three dimensional structure are broken causing protein
loses its shape & function

(1m)
18 (a) (ii)

 Factors that causes denaturation of protein:

1. High heat / radiation

2. It breaks hydrogen and ionic bonds
3. Strong acids & alkalis
4. Ionic bonds are broken
5. High salt concentration & heavy metal
6. Ionic bonds are broken.
7. Organic solvent / detergent
8. It breaks hydrophobic interactions / van der Waals forces
9. Mechanical force/ strong physical movement
10. It breaks hydrogen bonds

(1m each point; 8m) max: 4 pairs

18 (b)
Similarities:
1. Both enzyme action lowering the activation energy
2. In both mechanisms, substrate binds to active site of enzyme to form enzyme-substrate complex.
3. In both mechanisms, bonds are broken and formed to produce product.
4. Product is released from the active site
Differences:
5. Active site of enzyme is exactly complementary with substrate in lock and key model but not
exactly complementary with substrate in induced fit model.
6. In lock and key model, enzyme active site is rigid but in induced fit model, the active site is
flexible // Active site of enzyme does not change in lock and key model but active site of enzyme
in induced fit model change to fit with substrate.
7. Active site of the enzyme remains the same after product is formed and released in lock and key
hypothesis while in induce fit model the active site of the enzyme will return to its original shape
after the reaction

(3m similarities, 3m differences; 6m)

19 (a)

Xylem

1. Xylem vessel/ vessel element in xylem tissue

2. Has lignified cell wall
3. Has perforated end wall, thus the cells joined to form a continuous hollow tube
4. Dead cell without protoplast
5. Has pit on lateral wall
6. Transport water and dissolved minerals from roots to other parts of plant

(point 1 & 6 compulsory, point 2-5 any 2 ; 4m)

Phloem
7. Phloem sieve tube/ sieve tube element
8. Has cellulose cell wall
9. End wall contains sieve plate with many sieve pores that allow cytoplasmic strand/
plasmodesmata to pass through
10. Living cell with organelle in cytoplasm
 11. Transport organic substances synthesised from photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts of
plant

(point 7 & 11 compulsory, point 8-10 any 2 ; 4m)

19 (b)
1. Paper chromatography technique is used to separate photosynthetic pigment in the leaves.
2. The mixture of molecules are moved over an inert and insoluble matrix in the solvent.
3. The molecules can be separated based on their sizes.
4. The smallest molecule can move fastest and furthest / with highest Rf value.
5. The molecules can be separated based on their solubility in the solvent.
6. The most soluble molecule moves fastest and furthest / with highest Rf value.
7. The molecules can be separated based on their adsorption to the chromatography paper
8. The least adsorption molecule moves fastest and furthest / with highest Rf value.

(point 1@2, 1m, point 3-8 compulsory ; 7m)

20 (a)

1. Final stage of cellular aerobic respiration is electron transport chain.

2. The electron supplied by NADH and FADH2 are passed/ flow through a series of electron carriers,
( namely flavoprotein (FAD), coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) and cytochromes.)
3. Redox reaction occurs to release energy.
4. The final carrier in the chain, cytochrome a + a3 / cytochrome oxidase transfers electrons to final
electron acceptor, the oxygen molecule .
5. which then combine with two protons (H+) to form water.
6. Energy released from redox reaction is used by proton pump to pump hydrogen ion/ proton/ H+
from the matrix into intermembrane space .
7. This build up high concentration of proton in the intermembrane space
8. The hydrogen ion then diffuse out of the intermembrane space through ATP synthase / ATPase
back into the matrix
9. the energy is used to synthesis ATP from ADP and phosphate groups by oxidative phosphorylation.
10. Each NADH generates 3 ATP and each FADH2 generates 2 ATP.

( 1m each point; 8m)

20 (b)
1. Yeast can be applied to food production by alcoholic fermentation in bread making and tapai
making
2. In bread making, yeast / Saccharomyces cerevisiae, flour, water / milk, and small amount of
sugar are mixed.
3. The dough is thoroughly mixed and kneaded and left for 1 to 2 hours.
4. Alcoholic fermentation is carried out by the yeast to produce carbon dioxide and ethanol.
5. The carbon dioxide bubbles cause the dough to rise/ it give the bread the tiny air pocket
appearance to make it soft.
6. The dough is then baked in an oven. The ethanol evaporates from the bread during baking.
7. In tapai making, cooked cassava or glutinous rice is mixed with yeast.
8. They are wrapped with banana leaf and left in a pot for 3 days.
9. Alcoholic fermentation occur producing a fermented food paste containing alcohol
10. and carbon dioxide gas is released.

(point 1-6 any 4m, point 7-10 any 3m ;