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Industry 4.0 for sustainable supply chain management: Drivers and barriers

Article  in  Procedia Computer Science · August 2022

DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2022.07.094

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The 3rd International Workshop of Innovation and Technologies (IWIT 2022)

August 9-11,
The 3rd International 2022,of
Workshop Niagara Falls,and
Innovation Ontario, Canada (IWIT 2022)
Technologies
August 9-11, 2022, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada
Industry 4.0 for sustainable supply chain management:
Industry 4.0 for sustainable
Drivers andsupply
barriers chain management:
Martha García Samper a,*Drivers and Florez
, Dilson Goethe barriers
a
, Jenny Romero Borrea, Javier
RamirezFlorez
Martha García Samper a,*, Dilson Goethe b a
, Jenny Romero Borrea, Javier
Ramirez b

a
Universidad de la Costa, calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Colombia
b
a
Corporación Universitaria Taller Cinco, Km 19, Chía, Colombia
Universidad de la Costa, calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Colombia
b
Corporación Universitaria Taller Cinco, Km 19, Chía, Colombia
Abstract
Abstract
Sustainable supply chain management is one of the greatest challenges for the competitive, environmental and social
performance of the industry, finding in the technological applications of Industry 4.0 mechanisms that drive its
Sustainable supply chain management is one of the greatest challenges for the competitive, environmental and social
development. This study recognizes the aspects that determine the application of Industry 4.0, for the sustainability of the
performance of the industry, finding in the technological applications of Industry 4.0 mechanisms that drive its
supply chain at multiple levels. To do so, the study conducts a bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review, based
development. This study recognizes the aspects that determine the application of Industry 4.0, for the sustainability of the
on 249 academic papers, which are thematically analyzed and categorized in terms of barriers, limitations, and benefits,
supply chain at multiple levels. To do so, the study conducts a bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review, based
applying the PRISMA systematic research protocol. The results suggest that environmental, economic and social concerns,
on 249 academic papers, which are thematically analyzed and categorized in terms of barriers, limitations, and benefits,
as well as operational, technological, competitive, environmental and social benefits, together with drivers such as digital
applying the PRISMA systematic research protocol. The results suggest that environmental, economic and social concerns,
infrastructure financing, public and private support structures and the existence of a legal and political framework and
as well as operational, technological, competitive, environmental and social benefits, together with drivers such as digital
government intervention allow the creation and sustained operation of sustainable supply chains. However, inefficient
infrastructure financing, public and private support structures and the existence of a legal and political framework and
organizational culture and policies, manifested in the lack of awareness of employees and actors in the chain, the low level
government intervention allow the creation and sustained operation of sustainable supply chains. However, inefficient
of transparency, security and cooperation in the use of data, high research and development costs, limited organizational
organizational culture and policies, manifested in the lack of awareness of employees and actors in the chain, the low level
resources, inadequate public policies and lack of financial support are aspects that inhibit their proper implementation.
of transparency, security and cooperation in the use of data, high research and development costs, limited organizational
resources, inadequate public policies and lack of financial support are aspects that inhibit their proper implementation.
© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
© 2022
This The
is an Authors.
open accessPublished by Elsevier
article under the CC B.V.
BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
© 2021
This The
is an Authors.
open accessPublished by Elsevier
article under B.V.
the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)
Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chairs.
This is an open
Peer-review access
under article under
responsibility theConference
of the CC BY-NC-ND license
Program (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Chairs.
Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chairs.
Keywords: Industry 4.0, Sustainability, supply chain, Sustainable supply chain management.

Keywords: Industry 4.0, Sustainability, supply chain, Sustainable supply chain management.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +573012405828

E-mail address: mgarcia20@cuc.edu.co
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +573012405828
E-mail address: mgarcia20@cuc.edu.co
1877-0509 © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
1877-0509 © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chairs.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chairs.

1877-0509 © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)
Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chairs.
10.1016/j.procs.2022.07.094
 Martha Garcia Samper et al. / Procedia Computer Science 203 (2022) 644–650 645

2 García Samper et al./ Procedia Computer Science 00 (20) 000–000

1. Introduction

During the last years, humanity has experienced changes in every sense, highlighting the digitalization of
processes as one of the technological innovations that have most impacted personal, professional, and
productive activities. One of the most important areas of Industry 4.0 is the industrial sector, which is very
useful for making an investment, production, costs, marketing, and distribution decisions, among others;
allowing greater optimization of resource use by improving process performance and efficiency in supply chain
operations [10, 12, 28]. Industry 4.0 defines a new model of the industrial revolution made up of intelligent,
database-integrated systems that favor automation through the use of software or applications that open up new
business opportunities and improvements for industrial organizations [16, 17]. This revolution includes the
implementation of a range of disruptive and cutting-edge technologies, among which: the Internet of Things
(IoT), Big Data, blockchain, virtual and augmented reality, artificial intelligence, digital transformation, virtual
assistants, cloud computing, additive manufacturing, robots and autonomous vehicles [13, 16, 29].
Sustainable supply chain management is a fundamental aspect of the construction of competitive advantage
in global markets as it aims to optimize the consumption of resources by applying the principles and practices of
the circular economy, operating under moral principles that guide the actors in the chain in what and how to
sustain value and reciprocity relations [15]. Industry 4.0 is oriented to the sustainable performance of supply
chains in the territories, using technological innovations and infrastructure design as mechanisms that allow the
interconnectivity and integration of processes [15, 16] suggesting that the more industries start to use these
advances, the more disadvantages will be those that do not use them, since they will be industrial ecosystems
committed to the initiatives of Industry 4.0 who will remain in the global competitive market [10]. This poses
great challenges and efforts not only for industrial organizations but also for the countries in which they are
located, making it necessary to identify the barriers or limitations to these processes, as well as the identification
potentiating factors from which strategies are designed to adopt these technological changes to improve
logistics and business performance. Based on the above, it is taken into account that since this is an emerging
system, not all production companies are in the same conditions to implement technology 4.0, so it is aimed to
investigate: what are the aspects that condition the implementation of industry 4.0 for sustainable supply chain
management, in terms of barriers and facilitators.

2. Methods

In order to solve the question posed in the present study aimed to know the aspects that condition the
application of industry 4.0 for the sustainable management of the supply chain, a methodology of documentary
nature is formulated in which a process of a systematic review of the literature is developed according to the
Prism method; recognized for its reliability and application in many studies today [21, 22] In this sense,
following parameters of various studies, for the realization of the review, the first phase with a bibliometric
approach is proposed [23, 24, 25]; where it is mentioned that the bibliometric analyzes allow knowing the state
and trends of the scientific production in the selected area of study [26]. To do this, a search was made in the
Scopus database on 24/04/2022 with the keywords "Sustainability management", "industry 4.0" and "supply
chain” resulting in the following search equation: ("Sustainability management") AND ("industry 4.0") AND
("supply chain"). For the development of the bibliometric analysis process, the R Project statistical software and
the Vos Viewer are used as graphics tool for results. Based on the search result and the bibliometric analysis, a
series of inclusion criteria are formulated based on the aforementioned Prima method for the filtration process in
the final review. These criteria were addressed to:
• The studies considered should be published between 2018 and 2022.
• Research should be categorized in the typology of scientific articles.
• Areas of research knowledge should be related to business and the economy.
• The articles should address elements of industry 4.0 towards the sustainability of supply chains
646 Martha Garcia Samper et al. / Procedia Computer Science 203 (2022) 644–650
García Samper et al./ Procedia Computer Science 00 (20) 000–000 3

3. Results

3.1. A brief bibliometric analysis of Scopus

From the application of the search equation proposed in the Scopus database, the following results are
obtained in the bibliometric analysis process related to the production of scientific research in the study area by
year.

Fig 1. Documents published by year Scopus

Figure 1 relates the scientific production during the observation period between 2019 and 2022 for the study
area of application of industry 4.0 in the sustainable management of the supply chain, denoting a constant
growth that finds its highest level between the years 2020 and 2021 with a total of 115 documents published to
the year 2021 of the 249 published in the period; with this behavior, compliance with Price's law is observed
when an initial stage of precursor authors is presented that evolves to an exponential growth of research in the
area [27].
In terms of impact measurement, a total of 319 citations are recorded within the 249 citable documents of the
Scopus database; with a constant high growth that coincides with the increase of scientific production within the
area, showing an H index (impact factor) of 27. Likewise, it is highlighted that in terms of territory the scientific
production within the study area is concentrated in the United Kingdom with 45 publications, India with 38,
Italy with 31, Brazil with 27, Germany with 25, Spain with 19, among others. The countries shown in this figure
represent the highest concentration of scientific production within the study.
Also, in terms of coexistence of keywords, Figure 2 shows the coexistence networks derived from the
processing of the analyzed scientific production.
 Martha Garcia Samper et al. / Procedia Computer Science 203 (2022) 644–650 647

4 García Samper et al./ Procedia Computer Science 00 (20) 000–000

Fig. 2. Cooccurrence of keywords

In the coexistence networks presented in the figure above, the following terms are identified among the most
prominent or concurring terms: "sustainability", "sustainable development", "industry 4.0", "circular economy",
"decision making", "big data" and "sustainable supply chain", which makes it possible to observe that the
scientific articles analyzed are concentrated on the aforementioned topics.

3.2. Aspects that condition the implementation of industry 4.0 for sustainable supply chain management

The sustainable supply chain recognizes all partners as entities that deserve the same attention, considering the
reciprocal impact between all parties and its implications on demand, requiring an evaluation of actors and processes
to minimize gaps and reduce links in the chain. Within the framework of supply chains, sustainable economic
performance is enhanced through good governance practices, cost optimization and product conservation, managing
in parallel the environmental, social and ethical dimensions of the organization [7] However, the literature review
reveals that the incorporation of technologies associated with the fourth industrial revolution as a facilitator of
sustainable supply chain management is conditioned by a set of aspects represented in figure 3.
648 Martha
GarcíaGarcia
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et al./ Procedia ComputerComputer
Science Science
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000–000 5

Fig. 3. Model of conditioners of sustainable supply chains

The preceding figure presents a model of conditions that allow or inhibit the application of Industry 4.0 in
the sustainable management of the supply chain, being the benefits a consequence derived from the use of drivers
that can be diminished to the extent that there is not an adequate management of the barriers described. The benefits
are a moderating factor in the consolidation of sustainable supply chains.
In this sense, drivers that facilitate the implementation of emerging technologies in industry 4.0, allowing a
sustainable management of the supply chain in terms of flexibility, innovation and collaboration capacity [7; 16]
include the financing of digital infrastructure by public actors contributing to the improvement of the digital
environment, the creation of secure cloud services, the promotion of innovation with an impact on environmental
performance and the promotion of the investment of private actors in digital platforms as a response to the pressure
of the context [1, 3, 4], the availability of public and private support structures that allow the transfer of support
from companies and territories with a higher degree of digital maturity to companies and less mature contexts [4];
have a legal and political framework, as well as government intervention that creates conditions for creating and
maintaining sustainable supply chains [1, 4, 20]. Barriers to the development of industry 4.0 in the sustainable
management of the supply chain are also identified, among which are inefficient organizational culture and policies
[6, 10], manifested in the lack of awareness of employees and actors in the chain regarding the importance of
technological benefits, the lack of intervention of senior management in decision-making and the resistance
represented by the replacement of human labor by automated technologies and mechanisms[11, 16]; similarly, the
low level of transparency and security in the use of data, the high costs of research and development, the limited
profitability and organizational resources, the lack of cooperation in the exchange of supply chain data, inadequate
public policies and the lack of financial support are aspects that inhibit their proper implementation [1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9,
11, 12, 13, 14, 19].
The proper management of drivers and barriers will allow the realization to a greater or lesser extent of
benefits such as efficient and responsible management of the supply chain [14], collaboration and integration
6 García Martha
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et al./ Procedia al. / Procedia
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Science Science 203 (2022) 644–650
00 (20) 000–000 649

between the actors involved (SCCI) [16], efficient and data-based decision-making (EDDM) [1,2,4,5,6,8] which
ultimately drive or not the consolidation of sustainable supply chains [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 19].
4. Conclusions

The consolidation of sustainable supply chains requires a management where public-private support
mechanisms are represented in policies and financing alternatives at territorial and individual level,
accompanied by an improvement in the understanding of the benefits of technological applications of Industry
4.0 and the importance of exchange and collaboration for a greater use of the capacities and resources of the
various actors. A sustainable supply chain is a vehicle for improving economic, environmental and social
performance by enabling more rational decision-making, optimizing information flows and consumption of
materials that directly impact on improvements in coordination, delivery, reduction of errors and waste with an
impact on efficiency, as well as the development of responsible practices where transparency, collaboration and
traceability of data are privileged, as well as the inclusion under conditions of equity of actors in society as key
partners in the supply chain.
The gaps in the application of industry 4.0 for the sustainable management of the supply chain that suggests
the contrast Barriers and identified drivers, are in the field of the generation of public policies that facilitate their
development, financial support for digital infrastructure, cultural aspects in organizations that affect the degree
of collaboration in the exchange of data by the partners of the supply chain related to a low level of transparency
and security in the use of data, the lack of leadership and resistance to the displacement of human labor by the
mechanisms that raise technological solutions, constituting emerging lines of research in this field that merit
their study in different productive sectors and geographical contexts with a view to strengthening global supply
chains incontexts of broad dynamism, uncertainty and complexity.

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