0.7 0.

63

300
I cable 557 A
0.63 0.96 0.82

557 /2 = 279A
185 mm2
2(3 x 185+95) mm2

5
Voltage Drop De-rating

(P
= V x I x cos(

CB

(Thermal Runaway)

317
 Voltage Drop 1 5

mV/A/m Voltage Drop

PVC

318
 2 5

p.u Z Impedance
4-7

Vo= Zp.u x Vline 4-7

Vline 3- phase VD 1

R Xcable 2

Single Phase VD 3
3-Phase 3

319
 10

5% Impedance 460 V 100 kVA

max. Voltage Drop
Full load

100000
I ph 125 A
3 460
2
Vline 460 2
Z Z p .u 0.05 0.1058 .
VAbase 100000

V0 ( I ph Z( )) 125 0.1058 13.2V

4-7

5
V 460 23V
100

Multi-core Voltage Drop

100A 150 mm2

320
0.285 150 mm2
V/km/A

0.285 x 800 x 100/1000 = 23 V

23 / 415 5.4 %

3 3 Line voltage
3-Phase

8
4-8 V

Vmax (total ) V1 max of V 2 , V 3 , V 4 . 4-8

V1

V4

V3
V2

V1 V

321
 CB

(Short Circuit Current) 1

Short Circuit Study
2

CB CB Trip Time 3

322
 16 kA XLPE 70 mm2
CB

14.2 kA 70 mm2
16kA
0.3 CB 95mm2

323
CB 20kA
0.5

0.5
120 mm2 24.3 kA 20kA

9
120 mm2 20 kA 0.5 sec
23 kA 150 mm2

324
9

325
 4-9

4-10

CB t kA

20kA
0.5 CB

4 9

a( mm2 ) 9 0.5 20 127mm2

150 mm2

SHORT CIRCUIT CALCULATIONS

IS.C = V/ ZS.C
Zs.c Impedance V
Is.c
ZSC Impedances

326
 10
Generating Station
Transformer Distribution
Load

10 Impedances
Impedance
Impedances R

X (Source)

11 kV

X (Trans)
415 V

X (Cable)

10

327
 X

(Impedance)

(Reactance) S

Short Circuits
10
Xs Xsource
Equivalent Reactance
MVASC

MVASC

11kV 300MVA
MVA

60 MVA 31MVA

11-4 MVASC XS

Line Voltage kV

12-4 4-11

328
 2
3kVPh m ax
XS 4-12
MVASC

1.05 Phase Voltage

Sin Wave (VPh-max=1.05xVPh)

Relations

Infinite
Short Xs Bus
XS

Xs

Xs Rs S.C. MVA

XT XT

Name Plate

4 XT 1MVA

5 XT 10MVA

Us.c Rated Voltage

329
 XT

Zs.c Xs.c Rs.c Us.c kVA

N
XT/N

(X R
Resistance
Reactance Reactance
Reactance
3-Phase Phase & Neutral

330
 Single phase
4-13

Req /A 4-13

mm2 A

Bus Duct

Risers
Phase reactance

11

m Xeq

331
Xsource = Xeq = 10 m

Xeq Zs-eq

2
(Neutral Wire)
Phase to phase to ground
phase

m mm2

m XCB

ZT = (9.9) + j (10+6.75+0.15) = 9.9+j 16.9 = 19.5 m

332
 3

m XCB

ZT = (9.9+4.5) + j (10+6.75+0.15+2.25+0.15) = 14.4+j 19.3 = 24.1 m

333
ZT = (9.9+4.5+8.4) + j (10+6.75+0.15+2.25+0.15+1.5+0.15) = 22.8+j
20.9 = 30.9 m

334
11

335
 S.C.
MVA-
Method

(Rated power)
4-14 X pu
M
MVAraterd
M ( gen, motor , transf ) 4-14
X p.u

M 4-15
2
KVL
M cable 4-15
ZC

M 1
M

M 2

336
 Generators and Motors
M
MVAs.c
Is.c
MVASC
I SC 4-16
3 (kV )

kV

DB MVA_method 12
5 MVA

Trans. DB
Cable

0.01 ohm/km
X = 0.05
11/0.38 kV

12

MVA_Source
300 MVA

337
M1 = M_source= 300 MVA.

M2 = M_transformer = 5/0.05 = 100 MVA.

2
KV 0.38 2
M3 M _ cable 72.2 MVA
Xc 0.01 0.200

13 M

M2=100 DB
M1=300 M3=72.2

MVASC

13

M
M

1 1 1 1
M eq 36.5 MVA = MVASC
M eq M1 M2 M3

36.5
I SC 55kA
3 0.38

1MVA
14 350

338
MVA base = 1 MVA

MVASource = 500 MVA & XT = 0.05 p.u

ZCable= 0.014

240 PVC
360A mm2

350 m

14

Load

1000 ,000
IL 1500 A
3 380

240mm2

1500
No. Cables 5 cables
360

339
 (1500 A)

0.75 11
0.76 7

360 x 0.76 x 0.75 = 205 A

Thermal Rating
0.75 0.72)

360 x 0.75 x 0.72 = 195A

8
195A Thermal Rating 187 1500 / 8

340
3
240mm2
350 0.204

0.204 x 10-3 x 187 x 350 = 13.3 Volt

13.31/380 = 3.5 %

3.5
No. of Cables 8 10 cable
3
360 x 0.76 x 0.7 = 191A

341
 Short circuit capacity (SCC)
Bus Bar
BB

M1 = M_source = 500 MVA.

M2 = M_transformer = 1/0.05 = 20 MVA.

2
KV 0.38 2
M3 M _ cable 29.5 MVA
Xc 0.014 0.350

BB M

Meq = 11.64 MVA

342
 MSC Meq

CB

20 kA SCC

BB
1.7 kA
(240 mm2)

20 MVA 500 MVA

500 20
M SC 19.23MVA
520

29.2 kA

Isc = Irated/ Xpu = 1500/0.05 = 29.2 kA

343
Short
(240 mm2)
4 9 14 4

CB
65kA = 29.2 x 2.1 = Isc making

39 kA 240 mm2
29.2 kA

4 9

240mm2

344