PHYLUM PROTOZOA

SUBPHYLUM Sarcodina
SUPERCLASS Rhizopoda
CLASS Lobosea
FAMILY Endamoebidae
ORDER Entamoebidae
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba gingivalis
Entamoeba coli
Endolimax nana
Iodamoeba butschlii
Dientamoeba fragilis

SUPERCLASS Mastigophora
CLASS Zoomastigophorea
A. Species living in digestive tract and qenetalia
Giardia lamblia
Chilomastix mesnili
Trichomonas hominis
Trichomonas vaginalis
B. Parasites of the bloodstream and tissues
Leishmania donovani
Leishmania tropica
Trypanosoma gambiense
Trypanosoma cruzi
SUBPHYLUM Ciliophora
CLASS Litostomatea
Balantidium coli

SUBPHYLUM Sporozoa
CLASS Telosporea
SUBCLASS Coccidia
Isospora hominis
SUBCLASS Haemosporina
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium oval
DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN E. HISTOLYTICA AND E. COLI
I. FRESH SPECIMEN - TROPHOZOITE
E. histolytica E. coli
Shape-color Glassy Ground glass
Size 12-60 µ in diameter (average 20 µ) 15-50 µ
Motility Active progressive directional Sluggish, rarely progressive & directional
Pseudopods Finger-shaped, hyaline and glass-like, Blunt and short, more granular, slowly
rapidly extruded, highly motile extruded; useful for feeding than locomotion
Inclusions Ingested RBC (food vacuole) can be No RBC ingested, bacteria present
seen in cytoplasm, no bacteria in the fresh
specimen
Ectoplasm Clear ectoplasm Not well-differentiated
Nucleus Usually, visible Rarely visible
Endoplasm less refractile endoplasm Food vacuoles w/ bacteria

II. IODINE STAIN

E. histolytica E. coli
Nucleus Visible, finely granular ring Visible

Karyosome Minute and centrally located Larger and eccentric

Cytoplasm Greenish to yellowish, wide clear refractile,
hyaline cytoplasm, clearly differentiated from
endoplasm; 1/3 of the animal
Ectoplasm More than 10 RBC in various stages of
digestion, presence of RBC differentiates E.
histolytica from other amoeba except D.
fragilis which occasionally contains RBC.

III. IRON AND HEMATOXYLIN STAIN

 IV. CYST – STAINED
E. histolytica E. coli
E. histolytica E. coli
Shape
Shapeof nucleus Spherical
Spherical Spherical
Spherical
Size 10-20 µ in diameter 10-35 µ
Cytoplasm Granular cytoplasm is grayish, the nuclear
Nuclei 1-4, rarely more 8 occasionally 16; as the cyst mature
structure is deep bluish black and freshly
the nucleus divides into 2 then 4,
ingested RBC is black
finally 8 , occasionally 16
Nuclear membrane Thin; inner surface is lined w/ fine Thicker; with chromatic coarse
Karyosome Centrally located Eccentric
granules of chromatin` granules/plaques
Chromatid bodies Rods with rounded ends Broom-like ends; splinter lines w/
angular ends
Cytoplasm Bright greenish yellow; of young Yellowish brown; granular cytoplasm
cyst contains dark-staining rod
shaped (cigar shaped) chromatoidal
bars
Hyaline cyst wall Highly refractile
IODINE STANED-CYST

E. histolytica
Chromatid bars Appear nuclear spaces in cytoplasm
Glycogen Dark yellowish brown
E. histolytica
Chromatid bars Bluish black (represent food stored)
Glycogen Mass remained (represent food stored)
Chromatoid bodies Becomes smaller as the cyst mature

CYST- HEMATOXYLIN STAINE

 Differential Morphology of Protozoa Found in Stool Specimens of Humans:
Amoebae-Trophozoites

NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM
Species Size Motility # Peripheral Karyosomal Appearance Inclusions
(diameter Chromatin Chromatin
or
length)
Entamoeba 12-60 µm. Very motile with 1 Fine Small, Finely Red blood
histolytica 20 progressive and granules. discrete. granular cells
µm on directional Usually Usually occasionally.
average movement evenly centrally Noninvasive
distributed located, but organisms
and uniform occasionally may contain
in size is eccentric. bacteria.
Entamoeba 15-50 µm Sluggish, 1 Coarse Large, Coarse, Bacteria,
coli in diameter nonprogressive, granules, discrete, often yeast, other
w/ blunt irregular in usually vacuolated materials
pseudopods size and eccentric
distribution
Endolimax 6-15 µm Sluggish, usually 1 None Large, Vacuolated; Bacteria
nana in nonprogressive, irregular
diameter with blunt
pseudopods
Iodamoeba 6-25 µm Sluggish, usually 1 None Large, central Coarsely Bacteria,
buetschlii in nonprogressive surrounded granular, yeasts or
diameter by achromatic vacuolated other
, average granules materials
9-14 µm
on average
Dientamoeba 7-12 µm in Usually 1-4 None Cluster of 4 to Maybe Bacteria
fragilis diameter nonprogressive 6 granules vacuolated
Entamoeba 10-20 µ Numerous blunt Vacuolate cellular debris
gingivalis (no cyst pseudopodia for d (mostly
stage) locomotion leukocytes) and
bacteria
 Differential Morphology of Protozoa Found in Stool Specimens of Humans:

Amoeba-Cysts

NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM
Species Size Shape Number Peripheral Karyosomal Appear Inclusions
(diameter chromatin chromatin ance
or length)
Entamoeba 10-20 Usually 1-4 present with Small, discrete. Usually Contains
histolytica µm. spherical fine uniform Usually diffuse
granules centrally located rod shaped
chromatoidal
bars
Entamoeba 10-35 Usually 2-4 in present with Large, discrete, Granular Chromatoid
coli µm in spherical immature coarse usually bodies
diameter cysts, granules eccentric but
8-16 in
occasionally with angular
mature
cysts centrally located ends.
Endolimax 6-12 µm in Spherical or 4 in mature None Large, Diffuse Occasionally
nana diameter oval cysts central granular
Iodamoeba 6-16 µm in Ovoidal; 1 in mature None Large, Compact Occasionally
buetschlii diameter has a large cysts eccentric. well granular
(average 9- glycogen Refractile, defined
body
10 µm) achromatic mass
granules on one
side of
karyosome