Guide Questions:

1. Why is a constitution considered as “the highest expression of the law”?

The Constitution considered as “the highest expression of the law” because this is a
set of laws that guide the actions of national governments and citizens. Create
power-related balance, fairness, and justice in which no one can overpower
another. Set restrictions, mainly to prevent the government from controlling
citizens.

2. How is a constitution made? What processes does it undergo before being

ratified?

The constitution is a written document drafted by the constitutional convention.

This is a group of people who jointly draft, write, and even review and revise the
constitution; the draft of constitution including its amendments are submitted to a
plebiscite where the voting happened and decision made if the constitution will be
ratified and become the law of land or rejected. Regardless of the result of the vote,
it will be considered and followed by the government.

3. How important is the Malolos Republic Constitution with regard to the ideas and
provisions that it introduced?

The Malolos Republic Constitution is the second constitution ratified in our

country. It is essential because it gives way to the launching of the first Philippine
Republic. The idea and provisions of the Malolos Republic Constitution are
relevant as the constitution provides protection from abuse and protects the civil
rights not only of Filipinos but also of foreigners. Moreover, the democratic
government in which the Malolos Constitution used during the given time was
very effective, it was like a team who are working together to be able to achieve
their goal. In addition, the constitution separates the church and the state
that protects the church from the state control and interference.

4. The separation of Church and State became a topic of debate in the drafting of
the Malolos Republic Constitution. In your opinion, why was this issue
controversial at that time?

In the Malolos Republic Constitution they recognized the freedom of religion and
the separation of the church from the state, which to me was controversial at the
time because they might be threatened by the power of the church. They may

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 worry that people will listen to the church rather to them which is a controversial
issue. The congress voted twice on the said issue. The first vote was tied and the
second vote won the separation by mere one vote.

5. The Bill of Rights is a major article throughout the different constitutions of the
country. Why is it necessary?

A constitutions aims to prevent abuse or violation by any government, or by an

individual or group of individuals. Therefore, the Bill of Rights is an important
clause in various constitution of the country. The Bill of Rights limits the lawful
power of the State to avoid abuses and misuse of power that they have. The Bill of
Rights guarantees the civil rights and liberties of an individual such as the freedom
of speech, religion, and press. In short, when we discover that our government has
a problem; it frees us to criticize in a good way. It is important to give us the
freedom to provide good suggestions and ideas that can help our country. The
government must be open to these ideas in order to help us have the balance we
need.

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