Alphabet Lines 1.

Visible line or Object Line- is a thick dark

continuous line, used to outline. The visible edges or
contours of an object

2. Hidden Line is a medium weight line, made of short

dashes about 1/8”long with 1/16”gaps, to show edges,
surfaces and corners which cannot be seen.

3. Section Line are used to show the cut surfaces of an

object in section views. They are fine, dark lines. Medium
lines drawn at 45 degrees use to show interior view of
solid areas of cutting plane line.
4. Center Line are used to indicate the centers of holes,
arcs, circle and symmetrical objects. They are very thin
(size), dark, long-short-long dash
lines.

7. Leader line – more thin lines medium line with

5. Dimension lines are thin and dark lines used to show
the actual size (span) of an object with numeric value.
Usually with arrowheads at both end that terminate at
the extension lines or tick markings.
arrowhead to point to an area of a drawing requiring a
note for explanation. They are preferably drawn at a 45°
angles.

8. Cutting Plane Line (very heavy) extra thick line helps

6. Extension lines are also thin and dark lines, showing
the limits of dimensions or to show the starting and
ending of dimension. Dimension line arrowheads touch
extension lines.
to show the internal features or shape to indicate at a
part or assembly by slicing through the object. A
rectangular block sliced in half to show internal features using
the cutting plane line to indicate where it is cut and what the
view is as a result. Arrow indicates direction of view.
9. Break Line are used to remove, or ‘break out” part of
a drawing for clarity, and also to shorten objects which
have the same shape throughout their length and may be
too long to place on the drawing..
10. Phantom Line are long-short-short-long lines most
often used to show the travel or movement of an object or
a part in alternate positions. It can also be used to show
adjacent objects or features.
Rectangular object shown in start and finished rotated
positions.
11. Borderlines are very thick, continuous lines used to
show the boundary of the drawing or to separate
different objects drawn on one sheet. They are also used
to separate the title block form the rest of the drawing.
Shows use of border lines that are used to outline
drawing title box.
12. Construction lines help lay out small or detailed
parts of a design on a sheet. To draw a construction line,
first specify a single datum point through which the
construction line will pass. After the datum point is
specified, additional construction lines can be drawn
through the same datum point.
 The automatic construction tools may create
construction lines that extend from one side of the sheet 1. The length of the hidden line dashes may vary slightly
to the other. Draw construction lines manually to confine as the size of the drawing changes.
them to specific areas.

Different of types of line used in orthographic

projection

2. Hidden lines should always begin or ends with a

dash.
Exception: Hidden line begin or ends at a parallel
visible or hidden line.

Four commonly used in Orthographic Projection

1. Hidden line
2. Center lines
3. Phantom lines
4. Continuous line

Rules in creating hidden lines 3. Hidden lines-dashes should join at corners

1. Center lines represents axes of symmetry, they are
important for
interpreting cylindrical shapes.

2. Center line are also used to indicate circle of

centers and path of motion.

Rules in creating Center lines

1. Center lines should start and end with long dashes.

2. Center line should intersect by crossing either the

long dashes or the short dashes.
 1. Phantom lines used to show a change in surface
direction produced by fillets and rounds.

3. Center lines should extend a short distance beyond

the object.
,

2. Phantom lines – used to indicate alternate

positions of moving parts.

.
4. Center lines may be connected within a single view
to show that two or more features lie in the same
plane.it should not extend through the space between
views.

3. It is used to indicate details.

.
Uses of phantom lines Rules:
1. Phantom lines should be start and end with a long
dash.