INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS

2023, VOL. 231, 142–152

https://doi.org/10.1080/10584587.2022.2143190

Dielectric Switching and Ferroelectric Studies

of a, c PVDF Phases for Energy Storage Properties
Tarun Garga, Navneet Dabrab , and Jasbir S. Hundalc
a
Yadavindra Department of Sciences, Punjabi University Guru Kashi Campus-Damdama Sahib, Talwandi
Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab, India; bMata Sahib Kaur Girls College, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda Punjab, India;
c
Punjabi University Guru Kashi Campus Damdama Sahib, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab, India

ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY

This article presents the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics, ferro- Received 23 July 2022
electric (P–E) and energy density properties of polyvinylidene fluor- Accepted 23 October 2022
ide (PVDF) film samples synthesized by melt-press and solution-cast
KEYWORDS
techniques. Our earlier work reported the a and c -PVDF phase sta-
Melt-press; solution-cast;
bilization in PVDF film samples processed by melt-pressing and solu- PVDF a/c-phase; energy
tion-casting respectively. In the present work, the I–V loops of pure storage properties
PVDF film samples were recorded with variable delay time from
0.0005 to 1 s in order to understand the switching behavior response
of molecular dipoles in different PVDF molecular conformations. The
hysteresis behavior of I–V loops revealed the dominance of dipolar
switching current in both the a and c-PVDF phases. The slim P–E
hysteresis loops with low remnant polarization Pr values
0.26 and
0.21 lC/cm2 at an applied electric field of 100 kV/cm for a and c
-PVDF phases respectively were traced. The dielectric energy storage
efficiency g as calculated from P–E loop data was found to be

37.7% and 38.6%, respectively, for a and c -phases of PVDF. The
low leakage current and slim P–E hysteresis behavior in both the a
and c -phases of PVDF are favorable or desired for their application
in dielectric energy storage capacitors.

Abbreviations: Pr: remnant polarization; Pm: maximum or saturation

polarization; Ec: coercive field; EBD: electric breakdown strength; Wrec:
recoverable energy density; Wloss: energy loss density; Wst: stored
energy density (¼ Wrec þ Wloss); g: energy storage efficiency; PVDF:
polyvinylidene fluoride; a, b, c, d, e: different molecular conforma-
tions or phases of polymer PVDF

1. Introduction
The polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a macromolecule dielectric material. PVDF is a
homopolymer, consisting of a long molecular skeleton of monomers vinylidene fluoride
(–CH2–CF2–) [1]. The predominant carbon (C) atoms form the backbone of PVDF and
PVDF-based polymers in which carbon is substituted by hydrogen (H) and fluorine (F)
atoms alternatively. The fluorine (F) is a strong electronegative atom, that forms a
strong C–F bond with carbon atom having bond energy 485 kJ/mol and dipole moment
6:4  1030 cm [1–4]. The dipolar C–F bond in PVDF polymers forms the elementary

CONTACT Navneet Dabra navneetdabra@gmail.com

ß 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC