NCM 211 NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY (LECTURE)

Father Saturnino Urios University

Prepared by: REANNE MAE C. ABRERA SN
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WHAT IS HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)? CHAIN OF HIV INFECTION

❖ HIV is a viral infection that progressively destroys certain types of white blood cells called
CD4+ lymphocytes. It can cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is the
most severe form of HIV infection.

DEFINITION

❖ CD4 T-CELLS
➢ Important cells in the human body for mounting the body’s immune defense
against infection. These “helper” cells not only fight infection, but recruit other
immune cells to the site of infection to help kill infection-causing bacteria and
viruses. The HIV uses the CD4 T-cells to make more HIV. By doing this, HIV
destroys the CD4 cell. Without CD4 T-cells, the body is not able to defend itself
against bacterial and viral infections.
❖ CD4 CELL COUNT
➢ It measures the number of CD4 cells (also called T-helper cells) in your body.
➢ It tells you the health of your immune system.
➢ The more CD4 cells you have, the stronger your immune system.
➢ Fewer CD4 cells may lead to increased bacterial and viral infections.
 PROGRESSION OF HIV INFECTION MAIN SYMPTOMS OF HIV

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AIDS AND HIV

❖ AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

➢ It is a medical condition (immune system is too weak to fight infections).
❖ HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
FOUR (4) BODY FLUIDS KNOWN TO TRANSMIT HIV
➢ It is a virus which attacks immune system in humans.
1. BLOOD
2. SEMEN
3. VAGINAL/CERVICAL FLUID
4. BREASTMILK

MODES OF TRANSMISSION FOR HIV

1. SEXUAL TRANSMISSION
2. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
3. MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION
MAIN SYMPTOMS OF HIV NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT: HIV

❖ ENERGY → 35 to 54kcal/kg BW
❖ PROTEIN → 2 to 2.5g/kg BW
❖ FATS → increase Omega 3 sources and decrease saturated fats in the diet
❖ VITAMINS AND MINERALS
 WHAT IS CANCER? WHAT CAUSES GENETIC CHANGES?

❖ It is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able ❖ Heredity;
to invade other tissues. ❖ UV Radiation;
❖ Cancer cells spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. ❖ Chemicals;
❖ Cancer is not just one disease but many diseases. ❖ Viruses;
❖ More than 100 different types of cancer. ❖ Smoking; and
❖ Cells dividing.
HOW CANCER STARTS
NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT
1. Normal cells
2. Abnormal cells ❖ ORAL NUTRITION → High-calorie, high-protein beverages may be offered in case of
3. Abnormal cells multiply lactase deficiency, Lactaid may be given.
4. Malignant cancer ❖ TUBE FEEDINGS
○ Growns own blood vessels (angiogenesis) a. Complete products → meal replacements that require digestion and absorption
○ Invades surrounding tissue b. Chemically-defined products → minimal or no digestion; and for pancreatic cancer
patients
c. Modular products → used in combination with other tube-feeding products to
enhance calorie or protein intake
d. Specialty products → vary in terms of specific amino acid, CHO, and fa content or
for patietns with hepatic or renal failure
❖ TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION
a. Used when the digestive tract is not functioning
b. Nutrients are administered intravascularly

❖ Cancer is caused by certain changes to genes, the basic physical units of inheritance.
Genes are arranged in long strands of tightly packed DNA called ‘chromosomes’.