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Table of Contents
Factual Questions...............................................
Premium Questions...............................................
Interpretive Questions..........................................
Notes.........................................................

----Factual Questions----

1) Explain the following with an example: 'The task must have an outcome that is
measurable and comparable in both the individual and group situations.'
Answer source: The task must have an outcome that is measurable and comparable in
both the individual and group situations.For example, suppose the task were to
design a better telephone for the handicapped.

2) Each time the learner made a mistake in repeating the words, the teacher was to
deliver a shock of increasing intensity, starting at 15 volts and going all the way
up to 100 volts .
Answer: False
Correct Sentence: Each time the learner made a mistake in repeating the words, the
teacher was to deliver a shock of increasing intensity, starting at 15 volts and
going all the way up to 450 volts .

3) First row; a. _______ _______ b. his group of participants.

Answer: Stanley Milgram

4) A tremendous variety of research topics falls under the general rubric of

_______ _______.
Answer: social psychology

5) The psychological study of how society affects the individual is part of the
field of _______ _______.
Answer: social psychology

6) _______ may have discovered something alarming about the kind of person who
participates in psychology experiments at Yale.
Answer: Milgram

7) Could his being black have affected their misidentification of the wallet as a
gun? To study this experimentally, _______ created a priming experiment.
Answer: Payne

8) The confederates were instructed to give the correct answer on 6 of the trials
but a consistently wrong answer on 12 trials. How do you think you would respond if
five people before you had all said that comparison line 6 was the correct?
Answer: False
Correct Sentence: How do you think you would respond if five people before you had
all said that comparison line 3 was the correct?

9) Explain the following with an example: 'However, when the individual knows that
his or her performance can be identified, the effect can be eliminated.'
Answer source: Social loafing occurs when an individual is an anonymous member of a
group. However, when the individual knows that his or her performance can be
identified, the effect can be eliminated.For example, relay racers swim faster when
their individual lap times are announced than when only the overall team time is
announced .
10) Instead, they just watch what is happening. Social psychologists began trying
to answer this question following the unfortunate murder of _______ _______ in
1964.
Answer: Kitty Genovese

11) Might the police officers have been biased by _______ race?
Answer: Diallo’s

12) The study consisted of a 3 x 2 experimental design; participants either

received the priming or not and read a profile stereotypical of a minority or
majority racial group .
Answer: False
Correct Sentence: The study consisted of a 2 x 2 experimental design; participants
either received the priming or not and read a profile stereotypical of a minority
or majority racial group .

13) These were carried out to understand the causes of behavior in social
situations. In _______, three months after Nazi Adolf Eichmann went on trial for
war crimes, Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram wondered how it was
possible that Eichmann and “his million accomplices in the Holocaust were just
following orders.
Answer: 1961
A)1961
B)1976
C)1962
D)1971

14) These experiments had also been questioned due to _______ _______.
Answer: sample bias

15) Participants were 42 males, aged between 20 and 50, whose jobs ranged from
unskilled to professional, from the New Haven area.
Answer: False
Correct Sentence: Participants were 40 males, aged between 20 and 50, whose jobs
ranged from unskilled to professional, from the New Haven area.

16) _______ conducted experiments on social Norms and Auto kinetic phenomenon in
1930s.
Answer: Sherif

17) There were 12 trials; in each case, one comparison line was equal to the
standard.
Answer: False
Correct Sentence: There were 18 trials; in each case, one comparison line was equal
to the standard.

18) Famous social _______ _______ offer surprising insights into how and why people
do the things they do.
Answer: psychology experiments

19) In _______ _______, four New York City Police officers shot Amidou Diallo 41
times as he reached for his wallet.
Answer: February 1999

20) A student in a class with 450 other students feels less responsible for
answering an instructor’s question than a student in a class with five others.
Answer: False
Correct Sentence: A student in a class with 100 other students feels less
responsible for answering an instructor’s question than a student in a class with
five others.

21) A knife-wielding assailant attacked Kitty repeatedly as she was returning to

her apartment early one morning. At least 12 people may have been aware of the
attack, but no one came to save her.
Answer: False
Correct Sentence: At least 38 people may have been aware of the attack, but no one
came to save her.

22) A knife-wielding assailant attacked _______ repeatedly as she was returning to

her apartment early one morning.
Answer: Kitty

23) Two rooms in the _______ Interaction Laboratory were used.

Answer: Yale

24) The case of _______ Diallo; the police officers were reacting quickly and under
stress.
Answer: Amidou

25) Participants were 40 males, aged between 20 and 50, whose jobs ranged from
unskilled to professional, from the _______ _______ area.
Answer: New Haven

26) There were 18 trials; in each case, one comparison line was equal to the
standard. The confederates were instructed to give the correct answer on 6 of the
trials but a consistently wrong answer on 12 trials.
Answer: True

27) Impressions can be greatly influenced by previously learned _______ _______.

Answer: racial stereotypes

----Premium Questions----

28) What is a large variety of research psychology?

Answer: Social psychology.

29) How many people are forced to rely on stereotypes?

Answer: A hurry.

30) What is the effect of positive and negative media priming research?
Answer: Future research.

----Interpretive Questions----

31) What are the two main things that can impact first impressions bias?
Answer: previously learned racial stereotypes

32) What are the two types of stereotypes?

Answer: Racial Stereotypes: Effect of Profile Characteristics and Media Priming

33) What type of stereotypes can be influenced by?

Answer: Racial

34) What is first impression bias?

Answer: the process by which people's opinion of others is highly influenced by the
very first piece of information they received
---------Notes----------

First impression bias refers to the process by which people’s opinion of

others is highly influenced by the very first piece of information they received
(Lim et al., 2000) Impressions can be greatly influenced by previously learned
racial stereotypes. This study sought to provide evidence in how first impression
bias can be affected by racial stereotypes and explore how media priming shapes
said bias. The study consisted of a 2 x 2 experimental design; participants either
received the priming or not (IV1) and read a profile stereotypical of a minority or
majority racial group (IV2) Results showed a significant effect of the stereotype
profiles, and no significant effect. Stanley Milgram wanted to understand how
people would go in obeying an instruction if it involved harming another person. In
1961, Milgram's Yale University experiment was a learning and memory study that
quickly turned into something else entirely. Participants were told that they would
be administering an electrical shock to the subject (though in reality no shock or
pulse ever existed) for every incorrect answer. In the most well-known variation of
the experiment, a full 65 percent of people went all the way. The experiment was
used to prove that ordinary people, under the direction of an authority figure,
would obey just about any order they were given. Stanley Milgram’s method and
procedure as well as conclusion have been questioned. People who participated in
the experiment appeared very nervous and upset and frequently asked the
experimenter what they should do next. Those who had risen the highest seemed
almost indecently eager to shock strangers to death when a man in a white coat
asked them to. The study showed a curve from the very top of society (wealthy,
white, upper-class overachievers) to the lowest (unemployed, racially diverse
school dropouts). Such people would be expected to be more conformist and eager to
please authority figures than a truly representative sample of the populace.
Milgram’s research on obedience allows us to see how an interesting and complicated
problem concerning social influence can be investigated in the relatively controlled
setting of the social psychology laboratory. We can also relate it to many of our
own society's brutalities as evident from photos of reported events below. Milgram:
The intense psychic stress test subjects have to be put through, as they are led to
believe they’re committing what amounts to murder, violates many of the ethical
restrictions now in place on human research. The bystander effect is the reduction
in helping behavior in the presence of other people. A well-written hypothesis is
the key to any well-designed experiment. The study of how society affects the
individual is part of the field of social psychology. The behavior of every human
is potentially determined by a web of complex social and cultural influences.
Social facilitation means how the presence of others can facilitate an individual’s
performance on a task. Social loafing occurs when an individual is an anonymous
member of a group. However, when the individual knows that his or her performance
can be identified, the effect can be eliminated. The study suggests that
individuals’ performance is lower in groups and becomes lower still as the group
size increases. The study is based on the fact that responsibility diffuses among
the members of a. group. Sherif conducted experiments on social Norms and Auto
kinetic phenomenon in 1930s. Social norms are the generalized rules of conduct that
tell us how we ought to behave. Sherif discovered from a number of experiments was
that a person’s judgments of how the spot of light moved were greatly influenced by
reports of other participants. Asch (1956, 1958) demonstrated that group judgment
can influence individual judgment. Payne (2001) created a priming experiment where
subjects were much faster to press the “gun” key if the picture had been preceded
by a black face rather than a white face. Students will learn how experiments have
been designed in earlier period and how latest experiments are being designed. In
practical component of this course you will carry out some experiments related to
various topics in this course. Using understanding from such studies can help
psychologists prepare trainings that reduce implicit prejudice through opposite
priming. This section has described the experimental Design with examples so
students can learn how experimental Design is being designed for students. Students
will be able to learn about experimental design and how experiments will be carried
out in practical part of the course.

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