PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

Developed by: Rose Marie Edwards (for UTECH)

 PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
 MODULE DESCRIPTION

 Provide students with an opportunity to explore their

skills, interests, values and motivation.

 Students will explore various careers and the relationship

between the labour market and career choices.

 Students will also be exposed to various strategies that

PERSONAL
will help them to balance their career and personal life.
DEVELOPMENT
 The module is designed to provide students with the
necessary knowledge to assist with their personal
development beyond college, and to afford them the
opportunity to start thinking and making decisions about
their career and future after graduation.
 MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this module students should be able to:
1. Assess their interests, skills and values
2. Recognize the relationship between self-assessment and
career choice
3. Understand how to set goals
4. Evaluate their goals in terms of their career objectives
PERSONAL 5. Understand the various theories and stages of career
DEVELOPMENT development
6. Develop a career plan outlining the steps required to achieve
a chosen career path
7. Understand the importance of networking strategies for
professional development
8. Demonstrate the skills required to create and format a
resume with accompanying cover letter
9. Know the behavioural expectations and other requirements
for the interview process
PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
MODULE OVERVIEW
MODULE OVERVIEW
MODULE OVERVIEW
MODULE OVERVIEW
PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
❑ TEXTBOOK AND REFERENCES

 Anderson, L. E. & Bolt, S. B. (2016). Professionalism: Skills for

Workplace Success. Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, New
Jersey, USA.

 Becker, D., and Becker, P. Speaking Skills for Business Careers.

Irwin Mirror Press. Boston, MA
❑ INSTRUCTIONAL /LEARNING APPROACHES

✓ Lectures and Interactive Discussions

✓ Presentations and Demonstrations

✓Video Presentations

✓Group and Individual Projects (including workshop/seminar

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

Specific Requirements for

Personal Development (BUS2001)
1. Students are to consult UTech, Ja. Student Handbook
AY2022/23 for details on Academic regulations pertaining
to plagiarism.

2. Students are expected to attend and participate in all

classes.

3. Students are expected to undertake all assessments.

All assessments are expected to be submitted to your
lecturer for grading before the start of the examination
period, unless advised otherwise in writing.

4. Technical challenge(s) with Moodle and Zoom Learn must be

communicated to your lecturer within 48 hours of the said
challenge(s).
 MODULE OVERVIEW

Assignment #1 – “My Ideal Career” (Individual) (20%)

Due: February 15 – 21, 2023 (by 4:00 p.m.)

 Based on the lectures and discussions on the

relationship between self-assessment and career choice,
occupational classifications, factors influencing career
PERSONAL development, strategies for setting career goals, linking
DEVELOPMENT careers with qualifications, interests, and skills.

 Students will conduct a critical assessment of

themselves and write an essay focusing on the theme –
“My Ideal Career and Plans to achieve it.”
 MODULE OVERVIEW

Assignment #1 – “My Ideal Career” (Individual) (20%)

Due: February 15 – 21, 2023 (by 4:00 p.m.)

❑Requirements
➢ Describe your Ideal Career – title and examples of job duties etc.
- 5 marks
➢ Discuss the Required Qualifications – academic, personal,
PERSONAL interpersonal - 5 marks
DEVELOPMENT ➢ Describe the Required Skills - what you need to know and be able
to do; technology used - 5 marks
➢ Assess where you are currently on this career path –
qualification/personal development - 5 marks
➢ Discuss the extent of your readiness/preparedness in meeting the
requirements. (Use the information from Units 1 & 2 and your
personal research on your ideal career). 10 marks
➢ Outline a detailed action plan on what you will need to do in
order to achieve your ideal career. 10 marks
 MODULE OVERVIEW

Assignment #1 – “My Ideal Career” (Individual) (20%)

Due: February 15 – 21, 2023 (by 4:00 p.m.)

❑Guidelines
➢The assignment should be typewritten, using
double line spacing and numbered pages (6-8).
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT ➢The assignment should include an attractive
cover page, references and relevant appendices.

➢A written submission of assignment should be

submitted via Moodle by the stated deadline.
 MODULE OVERVIEW

PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
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PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
 MODULE OVERVIEW

PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
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PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
 MODULE OVERVIEW

Nb. Student will be individually assigned grades for presentation and personal characteristics
MODULE OVERVIEW
MODULE OVERVIEW
 MODULE OVERVIEW

PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
 MODULE OVERVIEW

PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
MODULE OVERVIEW
 MODULE OVERVIEW

PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
 MODULE OVERVIEW

TEXTBOOK AND REFERENCES

1. Anderson, L. E. & Bolt, S. B. (2016). Professionalism:
Skills for Workplace Success. Prentice Hall. Upper
Saddle River, New Jersey, USA.
2. Becker, D., and Becker, P. Speaking Skills for Business
PERSONAL Careers. Irwin Mirror Press. Boston, MA
DEVELOPMENT
INSTRUCTIONAL /LEARNING APPROACHES
 Lectures and Interactive Discussions
 Guest Lectures, Presentations and Demonstrations
 Video Presentations
 Group and Individual Projects (including workshop/seminar)
 About Those Assignments

PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
 What a Personalised Cover
Page Looks Like…

 An actual cover page of a group project

with group members posing as if in a
conflict situation.
 About Those Assignments

Textbook Reference
PERSONAL  Direct quote…
DEVELOPMENT 1. According to Edwards (2021), “Making Delectable
Fried Dumplings is a not an exact science, but a
time-tested recipe is helpful for guiding beginners”.
 How to quote or cite 2. One article claims that “Making Delectable Fried
sources… Dumplings is a not an exact science, but a time-
tested recipe is helpful for guiding beginners”
(Edwards, 2021 p. 15)

Or…
 In Text Citation…
1. Careful measurements and the right type of flour
are especially important to successful dumpling
making (Cooking Class Magazine, 2021).
 About Those Assignments

 Textbook Reference
PERSONAL  Edwards, Rose M. (2021). Lessons in Making
Delectable Fried Dumplings. Yaadie Publishing
DEVELOPMENT Inc. Kingston, Jamaica

 How to list references…

 Internet Reference
 Delectable Fried Dumplings - The Basics: Yaadie
Cooking Series. Retrieved August 27, 2021 from
http://www.jamdowncooking/dumplings/less
on7_2021

 Magazine Reference
 Edwards R. M. (2021, August). Perfect Fried
Dumplings. Cooking Class Magazine. Vol. 7(1).
p. 5-6.
MODULE OVERVIEW

PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
 Unit 1
Career Development

PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
 UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this unit, students should be able
PERSONAL to:
DEVELOPMENT
1. Define what is meant by the term “career”

2. Discuss various theories of career development

3. Outline the stages of career development

4. Identify the factors that influence career
development and career choices

Unit 1 5. Explain occupational classifications

Career Development
 Unit Content
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT 1. Process of career development
2. Theories of career development
3. Stages of career development
4. Factors influencing career development
5. Occupational classifications

Unit 1
Career Development
 Definition of Key Terms
PERSONAL ✓Career
DEVELOPMENT
✓Job

✓Career Development

✓Career Development Tools

✓Career Path

✓Career Planning
Unit 1
Career Development
✓Career Security
 What is a Career?
1. A profession for which one trains, and which is
PERSONAL undertaken as a permanent calling
DEVELOPMENT
2. A field for or pursuit of consecutive progressive
achievement especially in public, professional,
or business life.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/

3. The series of jobs in a profession or occupation

that a person has through his or her life.
Unit 1 Collins Caribbean Student’s Dictionary
Career Development
4. A general course of action a person chooses to
pursue throughout his or her working life
HRM (7th ed.) Mondy, Noe & Premeaux
 What is a Job?
1. A group of tasks that must be performed if an
organization is to achieve its goals.
PERSONAL HRM (7th ed.) Mondy, Noe & Premeaux
DEVELOPMENT
Support
Services
Clerical
Research Professional

Human Admin
Resources Support

Unit 1
Career Development
Technology
& Accounting
Facility & Finance
Mgmt.

Leadership
 What is a Job?

PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT

Unit 1
Career Development

Is there a difference?
 What is a Job?
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT Job Career
A function, role A series of
or position jobs, usually in
held at any the same
given time sector/field

Occu- Profes-
pation sion
Unit 1 Usually entails
Career Development A job or application of
profession professional
skills
 What is Career Development?
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
1. The process and activities undertaken to
prepare and assist individuals to learn and
apply the knowledge, skills and abilities
necessary to advance in their careers.

2. “The process of choosing a career, improving

your skills, and advancing along a career
path. It's a lifelong process of learning and
decision-making that brings you closer to
Unit 1 your ideal job, skillset, and lifestyle”.
Career Development https://www.thebalancecareers.com/
 What is Career Development?
PERSONAL 3. A “continuous lifelong process of
DEVELOPMENT developmental experiences that focuses on
seeking, obtaining and processing
information about self, occupational and
educational alternatives, lifestyles and role
options” (Hansen, 1976).
https://www.education.pa.gov/

4. A formal approach taken by an organization

to help people acquire the skills and
Unit 1
experiences needed to perform current and
Career Development
future jobs.
HRM (7th ed.) Mondy, Noe & Premeaux
 What are Career Development Tools?

 The skills, education and experiences, as well as

PERSONAL behavioural modification techniques that allow
DEVELOPMENT individuals to work better and add value.
HRM (7th ed.) Mondy, Noe & Premeaux

Unit 1
Career Development
 What are Career Development Tools?

PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT

Tools to Develop Employees' Careers

• Embed goal setting and PDP (personal development
planning) in the performance management process
• Provide career development information – training
Unit 1 opportunities, job postings, etc.
Career Development • Act on PDPs and offer career coaching and mentoring
• Create job shadowing, cross training and other
developmental opportunities.
• Where possible, afford employees external opportunities
for development
 Which Image Best Describes Career Development?

PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT

Unit 1
Career Development

https://www.google.com
 How Does Career Development Work?

PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT

Career Development is Employee Driven…

Unit 1
Career Development

… and Employer supported.

https://www.google.com
PERSONAL • Focuses on psychological differences
DEVELOPMENT Differential
Psychology
between individuals and groups, as well as
the methods for assessing these differences.

• Focuses on personality types as the

Personality main factor in career choice and
development.

• Based on the idea that an individual’s

Sociology motives and behaviors are based on
experience.
Unit 1
Career Development
Develop- • Time and experience help shape the way
mental a person values their career and the
Psychology goals they set.
 Career Development Theories
The “Big 5”…
PERSONAL • Frank Parsons' Trait and Factor Theory.
DEVELOPMENT • Holland Theory of Vocational Types.
• Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory.
• Super's Developmental Self-Concept Theory.
• Roe's Theory of Occupational Choices.

Other Theories…
 Tiedemann & O’Hara (1963) on the career decision-
making process
Unit 1
Career Development  Bordin, Nachmann, & Segal (1963) psychoanalytic ap-
proach
 Lofquist & Dawis (1969) Theory of work adjustment
 Gottfredson (1981) theory of circumscription and
compromise in career aspirations
 Career Development Theories
The “Big 5” - Frank Parsons' Trait and Factor Theory
PERSONAL  Introduced 1908 – the idea is to match talents,
DEVELOPMENT skills and personality to career choice.

 Traits are “stable and enduring” patterns of

behaviour, ways of thinking, etc. (e.g.,
confidence, expressiveness, friendly), and a
factor is a “constellation, or pattern of traits”
(e.g., extraversion)

Unit 1  Suggest that job/occupation fit (commonly

Career Development referred to as “best fit”) results in greater job
satisfaction and success.
 Career Development Theories
The “Big 5” - Frank Parsons' Trait and Factor Theory
PERSONAL  Stresses the importance of the environmental
context such as family, culture and society. The
DEVELOPMENT “right environment” fosters better career choices
(“best fit”).

 Contemporary analysts criticize the theory for not

factoring changes over time in the individual, and
certain environmental changes including social,
cultural, political and gender related issues.

 This theory posits that the requirements of a

Unit 1 particular job are measurable in individuals. Correct
Career Development measurements and assessments of these
measurements ensure alignment of the right
personality, talents and skills to the job/occupation,
etc.
 Career Development Theories
The “Big 5” - Frank Parsons' Trait and Factor Theory
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
A. Understanding of
own talents, skills
and personality

B. Knowledge of Objective analysis

jobs and labour of alignment
market between A & B
Unit 1
Career Development

Occupational Choice Occurs

 Career Development Theories
PERSONAL The “Big 5” - Holland Theory of Vocational Types
DEVELOPMENT 1. Theory developed by John Holland
2. There are six basic work environments/career
orientations
3. There are six basic work personality types
4. People seek to and prefer working in environments
that align to their personalities
5. Developed the RIASEC model as an assessment tool
to determine personality types and categorizes jobs
and occupations based on alignment with the
Unit 1 personality profiles – “social” types are more suited to
Career Development teaching, etc…
6. RIASEC means Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social,
Enterprising and Conventional.
 Career Development Theories
PERSONAL The “Big 5” - Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)
DEVELOPMENT  Developed in 1960s as Social Learning Theory
 Evolved in 1980s as Albert Bandura’s SCT
 Reciprocity concept – Interaction between person,
behavior and environment – “as a man thinketh…”.
 There is a strong focus and the role of the environment
and its impact on motivating behaviours.
 Also focuses on the role of external reinforcements in
influencing behaviours.
 Critics question:
Unit 1 o Environment – how to explain different responses
Career Development to same environment?
o Reinforcements- What of physiological
reinforcements?
 Career Development Theories

PERSONAL The “Big 5” - Super's Developmental Self-Concept Theory

DEVELOPMENT  Donald Super’s theory is based on the idea that developing a

sense of self (self-concept) enables individuals to understand
that they change over time – preferences, perspectives, needs
and desires.

Unit 1
Career Development https://www.careers.govt.nz/resources/career-practice/career-theory-models/supers-theory/

• According to Super further posits that vocational maturity

may be cyclical rather than linear – people cycle through the
various stages whenever they change careers.
 Career Development Theories
The “Big 5” - Roe's Theory of Occupational Choices
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT  Anne Roe’s theory stresses the influence of interactions
with parents on career choice.
 Roe categorized careers under 8 groups:
1. Service
5. Outdoor
2. Business Contact 6. Science
3. Organization 7. General Culture
4. Technology 8. Arts and Entertainment

 According to Roe, each category has 6 levels

1. Professional
2. Managerial
3. Semi-professional
Unit 1 4. Skilled
Career Development 5. Semi-skilled
6. Unskilled

 Within any of the 8 categories, individuals rank as one of

the 6 levels
 Career Stages
PERSONAL  There are different models – some with 4
DEVELOPMENT stages; some with 5 and others with 6 stages,
etc.
 Contemporary models tend to encompass 6
stages, are more psychoanalytic and tend to be
more sophisticated
 Some models reflect convergencies
 Some models indicate age ranges (life cycles)
for each stage
Unit 1  Although most models indicate consecutive
Career Development stages; some stages can overlap

Why are career stages important?

 “Traditional” Career
Stages
PERSONAL
Exploration – Usually the period prior to employment
DEVELOPMENT Stage 1. (e.g., High school seniors & college students)

Establishment – Initial job search, application and

Stage 2. acceptance

Mid-career – Stability or progression via promotions or

Stage 3. job/career changes

Late-career – Less demanding work; now mentoring

Stage 4. and coaching others

Decline – Looking towards/ready for/transitioning to

Unit 1 Stage 5. retirement (e.g., part-time work, consulting, starting
Career Development own business)

Thoughts?
 “Evolved” Career Stages
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
Assessment – Investigation – Preparation -
Some exploring options Now working in
unawareness and KSAs your chosen
and uncertainty (knowledge, profession and
– individual is skills & abilities & charting your
trying to preferences!). career path.
develop/deter- Increasing Setting goals
mine KSAs awareness of for next steps,
(knowledge, options. etc.
Unit 1 skills & abilities)
Career Development
 “Evolved” Career Stages
…Continued
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT Stage 4 Stage 5 Stage 6
Commitment– Retention – Transition –
Strong to full Now a Looking
awareness of Respected towards/ready
what you want to expert/profes- for/
do. Looking for sional; transitioning to
opportunities for mentoring and retirement/new
advancement coaching others career (e.g.,
and for more part-time work,
challenge consulting,
starting own
business). Can
Unit 1 be an uncertain
Career Development
time for some.
 Other Career Stages
PERSONAL Why are Career Stages Important?
DEVELOPMENT Career stages are important because they guide the goals that are
set at each phase of career.

Focus is important to have a successful career. What we give focus

to flourish. Knowing where to focus at a given time helps with
effective use of resources.
Awareness of the stages helps prevent frustrations and creates
perspective. Knowing when to “grow” (including growing in place!),
when to “go” and when to pause and recalibrate is important.
Understanding career phases help us to evaluate and maintain or
shift focus. For instance, if you are at “retention”/stage 5, and you
become bored, what should/can you do?
Unit 1
Career Development Career stages also help Career Development Counselors, HR
Practitioners, Mentors and Coaches to guide employees, etc.
 Career Development
PERSONAL
Process
1. Career development is not an event, nor is it static.
DEVELOPMENT
2. Nowadays people have an average of 12 jobs in their
lifetime; sometimes in varying fields/organizations
3. In these instances, the process is cyclical (i.e.,
recurrent)
4. To some extent, the process is repeated in each new
job.
5. There are several models – some detail six or seven
steps in the career development process.
6. Most models list four basic steps…
Unit 1
I. Self knowledge/Discovery
Career Development
II. Exploration
III. Plan/Decision-making
IV. Act/Implement
 Career Development Process
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT

Unit 1
Career Development
The process is not linear, it cycles as you mature in
your occupation or age and change jobs, etc.
 Factors That Influence Career Development

PERSONAL Education &

Training
DEVELOPMENT

Natural
Experience Abilities

• Factors influenced by the individual including:

o Personality profile – career orientation, risk profile, styles
Unit 1 o Education & training
Career Development o Attitude, values, beliefs
o Work ethic, performance, aptitude (physical & mental)
o Exposure – jobs performed, etc.
o Openness, flexibility, maturity, willingness
 Factors That Influence Career Development

Organizational
Environment

PERSONAL
Societal
DEVELOPMENT Access to Economic
Opportunities Environment

• Factors influenced by the environment including:

Unit 1 o Availability of opportunities for development (organizational)
Career Development o Availability of jobs/supply and demand
o Social and political attitudes, values, beliefs
o Elitism – dominance of a society or system by an elite
o Classism – prejudice based on social class
o Sexism – Discrimination based on gender
o Racism – discrimination based on race
o Economic prosperity, structures, constraints, priorities, etc.
o Quality of leadership
o Legal constraints
 Career Development

PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT

• Career security is the development of marketable

skills and expertise that help ensure employment
within a range of careers.
HRM (7th ed.) Mondy, Noe & Premeaux

Unit 1
Career Development
 Career Development
Occupational Classifications
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT  According to https://www.encyclopedia.com/
“Occupational classifications are essentially ways of
grouping and ranking jobs and occupations. Systems of
classification vary according to which criteria are given
priority during the exercise, and these may differ depending
upon the purpose of the intended analysis, and the
theoretical framework deployed.
 Most classifications are developed by national census
offices for the production of national employment data, the
most common classification being the International
Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) developed by
the International Labour Organization”.
Source: "occupational classification ." A Dictionary of Sociology. Downloaded from Encyclopedia.com. 16 Aug.
2021 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.

Unit 1  The ILO’s occupational classification is not the final

authority on the subject as the US Census Bureau and
Career Development UK Office of National Statistics, etc., have their own
classifications.
 Career Development
Occupational Classifications
PERSONAL  Occupational classifications also occur at country, state,
DEVELOPMENT regional, industry and organizational levels.
 There are different criteria for classifications based on the
purpose of the classification exercise and who is conducting
the classification exercise, e.g., knowledge, skills and
abilities needed for a particular occupation, income source
and levels and conditions of employment.
 Occupational classifications are sometimes criticized for
embodying certain biases (classism/elitism, sexism – male
bias, etc.)
 Jobs are classified into “job families” and are then ranked
Unit 1 per the predetermined criteria and coded accordingly.
Career Development  Classification has important purposes such as “pricing” a
job – e.g., to establish consistency and manage disparities
in remuneration, assigning authority levels, etc., and for
census purposes.
 Career Development
Occupational Classifications
PERSONAL The US Bureau of Labour has its own Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) System
DEVELOPMENT
 Each occupation in the 2018 SOC is placed within one of
23 major groups – here are 5:
1. 11-0000 Management Occupations

2. 13-0000 Business and Financial Operations Occupations*

3. 15-0000 Computer and Mathematical Occupations
4. 17-0000 Architecture and Engineering Occupations
5. 19-0000 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations
Source: https://www.bls.gov/soc/2018/major_groups.htm

Unit 1
Career Development
 Career Development
Occupational Classifications
PERSONAL  Pragmatically each classification must be further broken
down, example:
DEVELOPMENT 2. * 13-0000 Business and Financial Operations Occupations

Unit 1 **
Career Development

Source: https://www.bls.gov/soc/2018/major_groups.htm
 Career Development
Occupational Classifications
PERSONAL  Pragmatically each classification must be further broken
down, example:
DEVELOPMENT
**

Source: https://www.bls.gov/soc/2018/major_groups.htm

 Knowledge of occupational classifications is important in

career development…
Unit 1
Career Development
Why?
 Career Development Key Points
• In this unit we discussed:
PERSONAL 1. What is meant by the term “career”
DEVELOPMENT
2. Various theories of career development

3. The stages of career development

4. The factors that influence career development and

career choices

5. The factors influencing career planning

6. Occupational Classifications
Unit 1
Career Development
 Career Development

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

Unit 1
Career Development