Answer : Set 4

PAPER 1
1. C sunlight. This resulted in the death of aquatic
In a liquid, particles are held together by strong animals.
forces, whereas weak forces exist between
particles of gases. 10. C
The composition for brass should be copper and
2. D zinc.
H is an element of Group 18 which has mono
atomic molecule that exist as gas at room 11. C
conditions. Lead is lower than hydrogen in the reactivity
series. Therefore, hydrogen gas can displace lead
3. A from lead oxide.
K and L are both atoms of non-metal. An atom
of L share electrons with two atoms of K to form 12. A
covalent bonds. The gradient of the curve at certain time
represents the rate of reaction. At t1 , the
x x gradient has the greatest value.
x x x
K x L x K 13. A
x x x
The ratio of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas
xx xx release at the cathode and anode respectively is
4. C 2: 1. Therefore, the volume of oxygen gas is
Copper is higher than silver in the 50cm3 x ½ = 25cm3
electrochemical series. Hence, copper atom
releases electrons more easily than silver atom 14. D
and resulted in flows of electrons through the C5H12 is an alkane , whereas the structural
external circuit from copper electrode to silver formula in answer D is an alkene.
electrode.
15. C
5. C The heat change , mcӨ = 250x 4.2x 11
Barium oxide dissolve in water to form barium = +11550J
hydroxide, which is an alkali. = +11.55kJ

6. D
Silver nitrate reacts with sodium chloride to form
silver chloride which is a white precipitate.
Whereas, silver nitrate reacts with sodium
sulphate to form silver sulphate which dissolve
in water.
7. B
Barium sulphate is an insoluble salt which can be
prepared through double decomposition reaction.
8. D
Vanadium (V) oxide speed up the reaction
between SO2 and O2 to form SO3.
9. A
The phosphate ion act as fertiliser to algae. The
increase number of algae will cover the surface
of the pond and thus prevent the penetration of
16. C
Methanoic acid coagulates the latex, whereas
ammonia solution maintains the latex in its liquid
form.
17. C
The intensity of blue colour in the solution show
the degree of corrosion on the iron nail. If the
iron nail is paired with a more electropositive
metal such as zinc, the iron nail will not corrode.
Silver is less electropositive compare to tin,
therefore the intensity of blue colour is the
highest in test tube 3.
18. C.
The general formula for an ester is RCOOR’.
R and R’ are alkyl or aryl group. HCOOH is a
carboxylic acid.
19. A
Reduction and oxidation reactions occur
simultaneously in a redox reaction. In the
reaction
CuO(s) + Mg(s)  MgO(s) + Cu(s)
The oxidation number of copper changes from
+2 to 0, whereas the oxidation number of
magnesium changes from 0 to +2.
20. D
The acidic carboxyl functional group of P will
trigger the gastric pains on patient with gastro
problems.
26.C
Tetrachloromethane is a covalent compound with
four chlorine atoms sharing electrons with one
carbon atom.
27. D
Alcohol and methylbenzene are covalent
compound that would not conduct electricity.
Lead (II) chloride is insoluble . Silver nitrate is a
soluble ionic compound.

21. C 28. C
The charge 2- means atom R received two NaOH (aq) + HCl(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
electrons to form R2- ion. Therefore, the proton The equation shows that 1 mol of NaOH would
number of R is 18-2 = 16 reacts with 1 mol of HCl.
The number of moles HCl = 30x1.5
22. D 1000
Chloride ion is Cl- . In order to form compound = 0.045 mol
with the formula QCl, atom Q should has one The number of moles NaOH = 25x2
valens electron. 1000
= 0.05 mol

23. B There are excess NaOH in the solution that turns

The number of proton in both atom X and the red litmus paper to blue.
X2+ ion remain the same.
29. D
24. C The number of moles for alkane = 48
The molar mass for CO2 = 12 + 2(16) 24000
= 44g = 0.002 mol
The number of moles for 22g of carbon dioxide The number of moles for CO2 = 288
is 22g = 0.5 mol 24000
44g = 0.012 mol
Each molecule of CO2 consists of 3 atoms. 0.002 mol alkane produce 0.012 mol CO2
Therefore, the number of atoms Therefore, 1 mol alkane produce 6 mol CO2
= 0.5 x 3x 6x 1023 The alkane should have 6 carbon atoms and with
= 9 x 1023 the formula C6H14

25. A 30. C
The mass of metal T = 23.64g-21.24g Both compound E and compound F have the
= 2.4g same molecular formula C4H10
The mass of oxygen = 25.24g-23.64g
=1.6g 31. B
The number of moles for metal T = 2.4 Acidified potassium manganate (VII) is an
24 oxidising agent which oxidise the iodide ion to
= 0.1 form iodine. 2I-  I2 + 2e
The number of moles for oxygen = 1.6 The electrons release flow from electrode Y to
16 X.
= 0.1
The simplest ratio of moles for
T : O = 1:1
Therefore, the empirical formula is TO
32. A 43. B
The blue colour of the copper (II) sulphate The higher the concentration of sodium
solution becomes paler because Cu2+ ion in the thiosulphate, the shorter the time needed for the
solution received electrons to form copper atom. forming of sulphur.

33. B 44. C
The concentration of solutions in the two Fibre glass is light , strong and withstand
experiments remains the same. Therefore, the corrosion.
increase in temperature is also the same.
45. D
34. A Higher concentration and temperature increase
The reaction between a strong acid and a strong the rate of reaction for the decomposition of
alkali should give out heat equivalent to the heat hydrogen peroxide.
of neutralisation.
46. B
35. D Covalent compound formed between elements
If metal W is more electropositive than metal Y , W and Y which are non-metals.
then it can displace metal Y from its salt
solution. Therefore, if displacement reaction 47. D
occur in all three beakers, the descending order Silver chloride and lithium chloride are solid at
of electropisitivity is W,Y,X,Z. 400oC. Sulphur is a non-conductor of electricity.
Copper conducts electricity in both solid or
36.B molten form.
Stirring provides constant heating, whereas if the
spirit lamp is weighed immediately after heating 48. D
will prevent alcohol from evaporating. The mass of metal J = 24g - 7.2g
= 16.8g
37. D The mass of oxygen = 7.2 g
Sodium chloride that formed during the The number of moles for metal J = 16.8
neutralisation reaction is a soluble salt. Therefore 56
the end point of the titration has a minimum = 0.3
value of current but not zero. The number of moles for oxygen = 7.2
16
38. A = 0.45
Biodegradable detergent has non-branched alkyl The simplest ratio of mole for
group. Metal J : Oxygen = 1 : 1.5
=2:3
39. C Therefore the empirical formula is J2O3
Aspartame is an artificial substitute for sugar
which provides sweetness without calories. 49. C
Pb2+ ion form white precipitate with sodium
40. B sulphate solution.
Sodium nitrate is a preservative which prevents Al3+ ion and Mg2+ ion form white precipitate with
decay of food caused by bacteria or moulds. ammonia solution that cannot dissolve in excess
ammonia solution.
41. B Zn2+ ion form white precipitate that dissolve in
The boiling point of P is 26oC which is lower excess ammonia solution.
than 40oC, therefore it exist as gas. The melting
point of Q is 35oC which is lower than 40oC but 50. B
its boiling point is 68oC, which is higher than Sulphur dioxide gas dissolve in rain water to
40oC. Therefore, Q exist as liquid. produce sulphurous acid that resulted in the
forming of acid rain.
42. D
The potential difference is v = 1.3 + 0.3
= 1.6
PAPER 2
SECTION A

1. (a) 74
(b) 2.8.7
(c) Period 3 , Group 17
(d) E-
(e) all the elements have the same number of valence electrons.
(f) -

+
A
X

(g) (i) covalent bonding

(ii) low melting and boiling points
(h) G, E, D, A

2. (a) (i) Ethanol

(ii) H H
| |
H- C—C –OH
| |
H H
(b) (i) Ethene
(ii) Porcelain

ethene

Glass
wool Heat
soaked water
with
ethanol

(c) (i) acidified potassium manganate (VII)

(ii) carboxylic acids

(d) (i) C2H5OH + CH3COOH  CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

(ii) ethyl ethanoate

(e) (i) C2H5OH + 3O2  2CO2 + 3H2O

(ii) 1 mol C2H5OH produce 2 mol CO2
Number of mole for C2H5OH = 9.2/46
= 0.2
0.2 mol C2H5OH produce 0.4 mol CO2
Volume = 0.4 x 24000
= 9600 cm3 at room conditions
3. (a) Chemical energy to electrical energy
(b) (i) copper (ii) zinc
(c) from zinc to copper
(d) to allow the flows of ions to complete the electric circuit.
(e) (i) Cu2+ + 2e  Cu
(ii) Zn  Zn2+ + 2e
(f) (i) copper (II) ion
(ii) zinc
(g) (i) The voltmeter shows a greater reading .
(ii) Magnesium is placed further apart from copper in the electrochemical series compare to zinc.

4. (a) (i) water rush into the flask.

(ii) alkali that ionizes partially in water to form hydroxide ions.
(iii) NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH-

(b) ammonia gas in methylbenzene remains as molecules.

(c)
(i) from yellow to orange
(ii) H2SO4 + 2NH4OH  (NH4)2SO4 + 2H2O
(iii) Ma V a = a
MbVb b
0.1 x 20 = 1
Mb x 25 2
Mb = 0.16 moldm-3
(iv)

Sulphuric acid

Ammonia solution
and methyl orange

5. (a) colourless
(b) (i) sulphur
(ii) Na2S2O3 (aq) + 2HCl(aq)  2NaCl(aq) + SO2(g) + S(s) + H2O(l)
(c) (i) refer G1
(ii) rate of change
(iii) the higher the concentration of sodium thiosulphate, the greater is the volume of 1/ time.
(iv) 18.18 seconds
6. (a) to indicate the corrosion of iron.
(b) (i) iron, carbon
(ii) iron, chromium, nickel and carbon.
(c) Fe  Fe2+ + 2e
(d) (i) dark blue precipitate is formed.
(ii) no changes
(iii) a little dark blue precipitate is formed.

(e)
(i) Iron iron atom

(ii) Steel iron atom

Carbon atoms

(f) Kitchen utensils

SECTION B

7. (a)
- the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium powder is an exothermic reaction. [1]
- exothermic reaction give out heat and results in a rise in the temperature. [1]
- in an exothermic reaction, the products have lower energy content than the reactants. [1]
- the value of ∆H is negative. [1]
- Energy Reactants

∆H = negative

Products [1]

- the reaction between ammonium nitrate and water is an endothermic reaction. [1]
- endothermic reaction absorbed heat from the surrounding, results in a drop in the temperature.[1]
- in an endothermic reaction, the products have higher energy content than the reactants. [1]
- the value of ∆H is positive. [1]
- Energy Products

∆H = positive

Reactants [1]

(b)
(i) Heat of combustion of an alcohol is the heat given out when one mole of alcohol is burnt completely in
oxygen. [1]
(ii) refer G2 [1+1]
- a straight line is obtained. [1]
- The heat of combustion increases as the number of carbon atom per molecules increases. [1]
- Methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol are from the same homologous series. [1]
- There is a difference of CH2 between the alcohol that is placed next to each other in the series. [1]
- More carbon dioxide and water is formed during the combustion of alcohol with more carbon and
hydrogen atoms. [1]
- Thus more energy is released because more bonds are formed. [1]
- From the graph, the heat of combustion for pentanol is 3318kJmol-1. [1]

20
8. (a)
- the electrons arrangement of an element determine its period and group. [1]
- the number of valence electrons determine the group of an element. [1]
- elements with the same number of valence electrons are arranged in the same group. [1]
- the number of shell occupied with electrons determine the period of an element. [1]
- element with the same number of shells are arranged in the same period. [1]
- for example : Sodium with electrons arrangement 2.8.1 is placed in group 1 and period 3. [1]

(b)
- the electrons arrangement for Neon is 2.8 [1]
- the atom of neon already achieve the stable octet electron arrangement. [1]
- the atom of neon need not accept electrons, releases electrons or share electrons with other elements. [1]
- therefore, neon is chemically unreactive and exist as mono atomic molecule. [1]

(c)
- Lithium move slowly on the surface of the water. [1]
- a colourless gas is liberated. [1]
- a colourless solution is formed. [1]
- the solution changes phenolphthalein from colourless to pink. [1]
- 2Li + 2H2O  2LiOH + H2 [1]

- the colour of bromine water changes from brown to colourless. [1]

- addition of starch resulted in the forming of dark blue precipitate. [1]
- the observation shows the presence of iodine. [1]
- bromine water has displace iodine from potassium iodide solution. [1]
- bromine water act as an oxidizing agent. [1]

20
SECTION C

9.
(a)
-
Oxide of metal R
Dry
hydrogen
gas

[1]
- dry hydrogen gas is directed into the combustion tube with oxide of metal R. [1]
- when the oxide of metal R is heated, it glows brightly and the brown solid changes to form shiny
grey colour solid. [1]
- A colourless liquid formed, which changes the colour of dry cobalt chloride paper from blue to
pink. [1]
- The observation shows that hydrogen can reduce oxide of metal R to form metal R and water. [1]
- The reaction is represented by the equation RO + H2  R + H2O [1]

-
Mixture of metal R and
copper (II) oxide.

Heat [1]

- Metal R powder is mixed with copper (II) oxide in a crucible. [1]

- The mixture is heated strongly. [1]
- The mixture glows brightly and changes from black colour to form solid which is brown when hot
and yellow when cooled. [1]
- The observation shows that copper (II) oxide is reduced by metal R to form oxide of metal R. [1]
- The reaction is represented by the equation CuO + R  RO + Cu [1]

(b)
- sulphate of metal R is an insoluble salt. [1]
- when oxide of metal R reacts with dilute sulphuric acid, the insoluble sulphate of metal R will cover the
outer surface of the oxide of metal R and thus prevents further reaction with sulphuric acid. [1]

To produce sulphate of metal R from oxide of metal R.

- oxide of metal R is added to warm nitric acid. [1]
- The mixture is stirred until oxide of metal R cannot dissolve anymore. [1]
- The excess oxide of metal R is filtered out. [1]
- Sodium sulphate is then added to the filtrate. [1]
- The precipitate formed is filtered and rinsed with distilled water. [1]
- The sulphate of metal R obtained is then press between few pieces of filter papers to obtain dry
crystal. [1]

20
10.
(a)
- soap is a sodium salt of fatty acid. [1]
- soap can be prepared through the alkaline hydrolysis of vegetable oil. [1]

(b)
– a beaker is filled with soft water, whereas another beaker is filled with hard water. [1]
- soap is added into the two beakers. [1]
- The cloth stained with oil is then put into the two beakers. [1]
- The content of the two beakers is stirred using a glass rod. [1]
- The oil stains on the cloth is removed for the beaker with soft water. [1]
- The oil stains on the cloth remains for the beaker with hard water. [1]
- The cleansing effect of soap is reduced in hard water compare to soft water. [1]
- In hard water, the soap particles react with the calcium and magnesium ions to form scum. [1]

(c)
- the hydrophilic group of soap is the carboxyl group –COO – [1]
- in hard water , the carboxyl ion reacts with calcium and magnesium ions to form scum which is
insoluble in water. [1]
- the hydrophilic group of detergent is the sulphate group –SO3- [1]
- in hard water, the calcium and magnesium sulphate formed are soluble in water. [1]
- Thus detergent is a more efficient cleaning agent compare to soap. [1]
- Some detergents are non-biodegradable. [1]
- These detergents hinder bacteria to break it down. [1]
- Discharges of detergents into the river or pond can use up oxygen in the water and cause significant
changes to aquatic habitats. [1]
- Eliminating phosphates from detergent which could act as fertilizer to algae or aquatic plants. [1]
- Use biodegradable detergent with non-branched alkyl group. [1]

20
PAPER 3

1. (a)
Volume of
hydrochloric acid 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0
added (cm3)
Rise in temperature
(oC) 0.0 1.2 2.4 3.5 4.6 5.4 5.7 5.6 5.2
…… …… …… …… ……. ……. …… …….

(b) refer G3

(c) (i) 12.5 cm3

(ii) 5.8o C

(d) KOH + HCl  KCl + H2O

(e) 12.5 x Ma = 1
20 x 1 1
Ma = 20
12.5
= 1.6 moldm-3

(f) (i) less than 5.8o C

(ii) Ethanoic acid is a weak acid which ionizes partially in water to form hydrogen ions.
Therefore energy is used up for breaking bonds in the molecules .

2. (a)
Metal Pairs Potential Negative
Difference (V) Terminal
Copper / Iron
0.5 Iron
Copper / Zinc
1.5 Zinc
Copper / Magnesium
2.5 Magnesium

(b) copper, iron, zinc, magnesium

(c)
Manipulated variable: The way to manipulate variable.

Metal pairs Substitute iron electrode with zinc and magnesium

………………………………………… ………………………………….
Responding variable: What to observe in the responding variable.

Voltmeter reading The reading of the voltmeter

…………………………………………. …………………………………………..
Controlled variable: The way to maintain the controlled variable.
Concentration of the electrolyte used Used the same concentration of electrolyte for each
…………………………………………. experiment.
……………………………………………
3.
(i) Statement of the problem.
Do vulcanisation increase the elasticity of natural rubber ?

(ii) Variables :
Manipulated variables : vulcanised and unvulcanised rubber
Responding variables : elasticity of rubber
Controlled variables : the size of the rubber strips used

(iii) List of substances and apparatus :

Substances : vulcanised and unvulcanised rubber strips.
Apparatus : weight, clip, metre rule, retort stand and clamp.

(iv) Procedures :
- two strips of vulcanised and unvulcanised rubber of the same size are hung by clips.
- The initial length of the rubber strips is measured and recorded.
- A 100g weight is hung on each strip.
- The length of the stretched rubber strip is measured and recorded.
- The weight are removed and the final length of the rubber strip are measured and recorded.

Clip

Rubber strip

Weight

Metre rule

(v) Tabulation of data :

Type of rubber Initial length of Length of Extension Length of

rubber strips rubber strips (cm) strips without
(cm) with weight weight (cm)
(cm)
Vulcanised rubber

Unvulcanised rubber