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Dedicated to my students

My student, you are the best


Of all the rest
Promise me that you will never admit defeat
Your dedication is visible to everyone you meet
So soothing is your smile
I am amazed for a while

I have students everywhere


But like you are very rare
I can never forget you

Because you are like a drop of shining dew


From a leaf split apart
Your fond memories will always shine in my heart
Yes, I believe in you
Yes, I am proud of you
Don’t ever give up
Yes, you can and you will do it

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1. Striving: trying very hard to do 10. Turn up: to arrive or appear


something or to make somewhere.
something happen, especially
11. Kick in: to start to have an
for a long time or against
effect or to happen.
difficulties. प्रयास करना
12. Resort to: to do something
2. Hurdles: problems or
that you do not want to do
difficulties that must be solved
because you cannot find any
or dealt with before you can
other way of achieving
achieve something. अवरोध
something.
3. Hurried: done very or too
13. Grappled with: tried to deal
quickly. जल्दी में हुआ
with or understand a difficult
4. Integrity: the quality of being problem or subject.
whole and complete. संपर्ण ू ता
14. Accounted for: considered or
5. Scepticism: a general feeling of regarded in a specified way.
doubt about something; a
15. Sparse: small in quantity or
feeling that you are not likely to
amount. कम
believe something. संदेहवाद
16. Holistic: dealing with or
6. Unprecedented: never having
treating the whole of something
happened or existed in the past.
or someone and not just a part.
अभतू पर्व

समग्रतात्मक
7. Ramifications: the possible
17. Afoot: happening, or being
results of a decision or action.
planned or prepared. जारी
असर
18. Convergence: the fact that
8. Prevailing: existing in a
two or more things, ideas, etc.
particular place or at a
become similar or come
particular time. प्रचलित
together. संमिलन
9. Perceptible: that can be seen,
19. Dynamic: continuously
heard, felt, tasted, smelled, or
changing or developing. गतिशील
noticed. प्रत्याक्ष
20. Animate: to make something
Phrasal verbs

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more lively or full of energy. less active. शिथिल करना
उत्तेजित करना
29. Deferential: polite and
21. Vanguards: groups of people showing respect. सविनय
who lead the development of
30. Defer: to delay something
new ideas, or leading positions
until a later time; to postpone.
in the development of
टालना
something. अग्र-दल
31. Palpably: in a way that is so
22. Buoyancy: the quality of
obvious that it can easily be
being successful or able to
seen or known, or (of a feeling)
make a profit. उत्प्लावकता
in a way that is so strong that it
23. Fervour: the state of being seems as if it can be physically
emotionally aroused and felt. स्पष्ट रूप से
worked up. जोश
32. Entailed: made something
24. Tenable: able to be defended necessary, or involved
successfully or held for a something. आवश्यक बना दे ना
particular period of time.
33. Nexus: an important
समर्थनीय
connection between the parts
25. Tanked: quickly went down of a system or a group of
in price, value, etc., or suddenly things. संधि
became less successful. नीचे
34. Intrusive: affecting someone
जाना
in a way that annoys them and
26. Curating: organising and makes them feel uncomfortable.
overseeing items in a collection अंतर्वेधी
or exhibit. आयोजित करना
35. Impeached: charged an
27. Complacency: a feeling of important public figure with a
calm satisfaction with your own serious crime. दोषी ठहराना
abilities or situation that
36. Concede: to admit that you
prevents you from trying
have lost in a competition.
harder. आत्मसंतोष
स्वीकार करना
28. Slackening: becoming or
37. Polarised: caused
making something slower or

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something, especially support. बहुप्रियता
something that contained
45. Heartening: making you feel
different people or opinions, to
happier and more positive.
divide into two completely
उत्साहवर्धक
opposing groups. दो गट ु ों में बाँटना
46. Undergrid: to support
38. Arbitrary: based on a desire
something by forming a strong
or idea or chance rather than
base for it. सदृ
ु ढ़
reason. मनमाना
47. Augury: a sign of what might
39. Dissent: a strong difference
happen in the future. भविष्यवाणी
of opinion on a particular
subject, especially about an 48. Ambiguous: having or
official suggestion or plan or a expressing more than one
popular belief. मतभेद possible meaning, sometimes
intentionally. अनेकार्थी
Phrasal verbs
49. Tenuous: so weak or
40. Brushed aside: refused to
uncertain that it hardly exists.
consider something seriously
कमज़ोर
because you feel that it is not
important. 50. Pondering: thinking carefully
about something, especially for
41. Botched up: spoilt
a noticeable length of time.
something by doing it badly.
विचार करना
Idiom
51. Hinder: to make it difficult for
42. Made light of: acted as if somebody to do something or
something was not serious, for something to happen. बाधा
esp. when it was serious. पहुंचाना

43. Spanning: extending across 52. Imperatives: some duties


(a period of time or a range of that are essential and urgent.
subjects). फैला होना आदे शक

44. Traction: the extent to which Phrasal verbs


an idea, a product, etc.
53. Staved off: prevented
becomes popular or gains
something bad from affecting

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you for a period of time; स्वीकार करना
delayed something.
63. Entailed: made something
54. Grappled with: trying to deal necessary, or involved
with or understand a difficult something. आवश्यक बना दे ना
problem or subject.
64. Mainstay: the most important
Idioms part of something, providing
support for everything else.
55. Can ill-afford: should
आधार
definitely not do something.
65. Vicarious: experienced as a
56. Drop their guard: to stop
result of watching, listening to,
being careful to avoid danger or
or reading about the activities
difficulty.
of other people, rather than by
57. Restraint: calm and doing the activities yourself.
controlled behaviour. संयम प्रतिनिधिक

58. Intemperate: showing anger Phrasal verbs


or violence that is too extreme
66. Spelt out: explained
and not well controlled. असंयमी
something in detail.
59. Vicariously: by watching or
67. Carve out: to create or obtain
reading about somebody else
something that helps you by
doing something, rather than by
skillful activities.
doing it yourself. परोक्ष तौर पर
68. Signed off: concluded an
60. Apprehension: worry about
activity.
the future, or a fear that
something unpleasant is going 69. Insulated: protected from
to happen. आशंका unpleasant influences or
experiences. अलग करना
61. Tort: an action that is wrong
but can be dealt with in a civil 70. Portend: to be a sign or
court rather than a criminal warning of something that is
court. अपकृत्‍य going to happen in the future,
especially something bad or
62. Embrace: to accept
unpleasant. पर्वा
ू भास या पर्व
ू सचू ना
something enthusiastically.

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दे ना 80. Ground reality: used to refer
to the reality of the situation (It
71. Grim: unpleasant and
is not a standard English
depressing. ख़राब
expression).
72. Condemned: criticised
81. Truce: a short interruption in
something or someone
a war or argument, or an
strongly, usually for moral
agreement to stop fighting or
reasons. निंदा करना
arguing for a period of time.
73. High-handedness: the use of यद्
ु धविराम
power or authority in a way that
Phrasal verb
is more forceful than is needed,
without thinking about the 82. Drifting away: gradually
feelings or wishes of other becoming distant from
people. ज्यादती someone after a period of
closeness.
74. Shunned: avoided
something. दरू रहना 83. Intervention: the action of
becoming intentionally involved
75. Respite: a short break or
in a difficult situation, in order
escape from something difficult
to improve it or prevent it from
or unpleasant. विराम
getting worse. हस्तक्षेप
76. Mounting: gradually
84. Squatting: living in an empty
increasing. बढ़ता हुआ
building or area of land without
77. Bankrolled: supported a the permission of the owner.
person or activity financially. अवैध रूप से रहना
प्रायोजित करना
85. Slew: a large amount or
78. Swathes: long strips or large number. अधिक संख्या
areas especially of land. पट्टी
86. Entailed: made something
79. Disrupted: prevented necessary, or involved
something, especially a system, something. आवश्यक बना दे ना
process, or event, from
87. Underscored: emphasised or
continuing as usual or as
showed that something is
expected. अस्त-व्यस्त करना
important or true. बल दे ना

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88. Escheat: the right of a 95. Gained ground: made
government to take ownership progress; became stronger or
of estate assets or unclaimed more popular.
property in the event there are
96. In the wake of: If something
no heirs or beneficiaries.
happens in the wake of
राजसात्करण
something else, it happens after
89. Encroach: to take control or and often because of it.
possession of something in a
97. Underpin: to give support,
gradual way and often without
strength, or a basic structure to
being noticed. अतिक्रमण करना
something. सहारा दे ना
90. Purported: that has been
98. Enumeration: the act of
stated to be true or to have
naming things separately, one
happened, although this may
by one. गणना
not be the case. कथित
99. Imperative: very important
91. Overtones: attitudes or
and needing immediate
emotions that are suggested
attention or action. आत्यावश्यक
and are not expressed in a
direct way. अधिस्वर 100. Disparities: lack of equality
or similarity, especially in a way
92. Clamour: a loud complaint
that is not fair. असमानता
about something or a demand
for something. कोलाहल 101. Apportioning: dividing
something among people;
93. Engulfed: affected
giving a share of something to
somebody/something very
somebody. आवंटन
strongly. प्रभावित करना
102. Alacrity: great willingness,
Phrasal verb
eagerness or enthusiasm.
94. Lay down: to officially तत्परता
establish a rule, or to officially
103. Ambit: the range or limits of
say how something should be
the influence of something.
done.
परिधि
Idioms
104. Upholding: supporting

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something that you think is warning of something that is
right and making sure that it going to happen in the future,
continues to exist. समर्थन करना especially something bad or
unpleasant. पर्वा
ू भास या पर्व
ू सचू ना
105. Clutch: a small group of
दे ना
people or things. समहू
113. Evoked: brought a feeling, a
106. Contend: to compete in order
memory or an image into your
to win something. प्रतिस्पर्धा में
mind. उत्पन्न करना
होना
114. Riposte: a quick and clever
107. Sensitise: to make someone
remark, often made in answer
familiar with something such as
to a criticism. जवाबी प्रहार
a problem or bad situation.
संवेदनशील बनाना 115. Impromptu: done or said
without earlier planning or
Phrasal verb
preparation. अपर्व
ू चिंतित कार्य या
108. Impinge upon: to have an रचना
effect on something, often
116. Affront: a remark or action
causing problems by limiting it
intended to insult or offend
in some way.
someone. अपमान
109. Unsavoury: unpleasant, or
117. Penchant: a liking for or a
morally offensive. घणि
ृ त habit of doing something, esp.
110. Yielded: supplied or something that other people
produced something positive might not like. झक
ु ाव
such as a profit, an amount of
118. Heedful: paying careful
food or information. उत्पन्न करना
attention to something or
111. Indiscreet: not careful about someone. सावधान
what you say or do, especially
119. Overhaul: to completely
when you reveal something
change a system so that it
secret or something that could
works more effectively. कायापलट
be embarrassing or offensive.
असावधानीपर्ण
ू 120. Incumbents: persons who
holds a particular elected
112. Portended: was a sign or
position at the present time.

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पदाधिकारी 129. Impediment: something that
makes progress or movement
121. Overlordship: being in a
difficult or impossible. बाधा
position of supremacy or
domination over others. 130. Bagged: won sth, especially
आधिपत्य a prize. जीतना

122. Assent: official agreement to 131. Blend: a mixture of different


or approval of an idea, plan, or things or styles. मिश्रण
request. अनमु ति
132. Bolster: to support
123. Reckless: showing a lack of something, or make something
care about risks or danger, and stronger. सहारा दे ना
acting without thinking about
Phrasal verb
the results of your actions.
लापरवाह 133. Called on: officially asked
someone to do something.
124. Spree: a short period of
doing something in an extreme Idiom
way without control. दौरा
134. Washing its hands:
125. Heed: to pay attention to intentionally stop being
something, especially advice or involved in it or connected with
a warning. ध्यान it in any way.
126. Subsidence: the process by 135. Further: to develop or make
which land or buildings sink to progress in something. आगे
a lower level. धसकन बढ़ाना
127. Emblematic: representing a 136. Alleged: said that someone
particular person, group, or has done something illegal or
idea. प्रतीकात्मक wrong without giving proof. बिना
सबतू के आरोप लगाना
128. Plunder: to steal or remove
something precious from 137. Interventions: the actions of
something, in a way that does becoming intentionally involved
not consider moral laws or is in a difficult situation, in order
more severe than it needs to be. to improve it or prevent it from
लटू getting worse. हस्तक्षेप

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138. Stalemate: a disagreement or 146. Impasse: a difficult situation
a situation in a competition in in which no progress can be
which neither side is able to win made because the people
or make any progress. गतिरोध involved cannot agree what to
do. गतिरोध
139. Ambiguity: the fact of
something having more than Phrasal verb
one possible meaning and
147. Preside over: to be in charge
therefore possibly causing
of a meeting, trial, etc. or during
confusion. अस्पष्टता
an important event.
140. Dispelled: removed fears,
Idiom
doubts, or false ideas, usually
by proving them wrong or 148. Have a hand in: to be
unnecessary. दरू करना involved with something or
have influence on something.
141. Threshold: the level or point
at which you start to experience 149. Derogation: the act of talking
something, or at which about or treating someone in a
something starts to happen. way that shows you do not
दहलीज़ respect him, her, or it. अनादर
142. Barbarity: behaviour that is 150. Usurped: took power or
very cruel, or a very cruel act. control of something by force
क्रूरता or without the right to do so.
हड़पना
143. Usurper: a person who
usurps (takes control of) 151. Dispensation: a political or
something, especially a religious system that operates
position of power, without in a country at a particular
having the right. हड़पनेवाला time.व्यवस्था
144. Ousted: forced someone to 152. Tirade: an angry speech,
leave a position of power, job, often lasting a long time, that
place, or competition. बेदख़ल expresses strong disapproval.
निंदा
145. Disarray: a lack of order or
organization in a situation or a 153. Undermines: to make
place. अव्यवस्था
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someone less confident, less 161. Unshackled: free from
powerful, or less likely to restrictions. बंधनमक्
ु त
succeed, or to make something
Phrasal verb
weaker, often gradually. दर्ब
ु ल
करना 162. Striking down: deciding that
a law is illegal and should not
154. Invoked: to use a law in
apply.
order to achieve something, or
to mention something in order 163. Envision: to imagine or
to explain something or to expect something to happen,
support your opinion or action. appear, etc. in a particular way.
उपयोग करना कल्पना करना
155. Transient: lasting for only a 164. Expediting: making
short time; temporary. क्षणिक something happen more
quickly. जल्दी करना
156. Perennially: in a way that
lasts a very long time, or 165. Resilient: able to recover
happens repeatedly or all the quickly after something
time. निरं तर unpleasant such as shock,
injury, etc. प्रत्यास्थी
157. Unprecedented: never
having happened or existed in 166. Shunned: avoided or refused
the past. अभत
ू पर्व
ू to accept someone or
something. अस्वीकार करना
158. Unsavoury: unpleasant, or
morally offensive. घणि
ृ त 167. Forge: to make or produce
something, especially with
159. Deportation: the action of
some difficulty. बनाना
forcing someone to leave a
country, especially someone 168. Amplify: to increase the size
who has no legal right to be or effect of something. विस्तत

there or who has broken the करना
law. निर्वासन
169. Earmark: to keep or intend
160. Marred: spoilt something, something for a particular
making it less good or less purpose. निर्धारित करना
enjoyable. खराब करना
170. Foster: to encourage

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something to develop. प्रोत्साहित a particular purpose, or of
करना giving them or it a particular
status. नियक्ति

171. Reliance: the state of
needing or depending on 179. Relent: to do something you
something or someone in order had refused to do before, or to
to be able to do something. allow someone to do something
आश्रय that you had refused to allow
before. मान जाना
172. Lynchpin: a person or thing
that is the most important part 180. Outcry: a strong expression
of an organization, a plan, etc., of anger and disapproval about
because everything else something, made by a group of
depends on them or it. सर्वाधिक people or by the public. कड़ा
महत्वपर्ण
ू व्यक्ति विरोध

173. Welter: a large and especially 181. Conducive: providing the


badly organized number of right conditions for something
things. घालमेल to happen or exist. अनकु ूल
174. In lieu of: instead of. बदले में 182. Embargo: an order to
temporarily stop something,
175. Ring-fence: to protect
especially trading or giving
something by putting limits on
information. प्रतिबंध
it so that it can only be used by
particular people or for a 183. Sisyphean: used to describe
particular purpose. a task that can never be
completed.
Idioms
184. Mired: to be involved in a
176. In the wake of: happening
difficult situation, especially for
after an event or as a result of
a long period of time. फँसा रहना
it.
185. Fortuitous: happening by
177. Level the field: to make a
chance, especially a lucky
situation fair for everyone.
chance that brings a good
178. Designation: the action of result. आकस्मिक
choosing a person or thing for
186. Amiable: pleasant and

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friendly. सौम्य direct or clearly expressed.
अप्रत्यक्ष
187. Harbinger: a person or thing
that shows that something is 195. Accommodative: willing to
going to happen soon, give someone what they want
especially something bad. or need, or to change in order
अग्र-दत
ू to suit them. उदार

188. Idiosyncratic: having strange 196. Incentivise: to encourage


or unusual habits, ways of somebody to behave in a
behaving, or features. विशेष particular way by offering them
प्रकृति का a reward. प्रलोभन

189. Clamour: a loud complaint 197. Elusive: difficult to describe,


about something or a demand find, achieve, or remember. हाथ
for something. कोलाहल न आनेवाला

Phrasal verb 198. Plight: an unpleasant


condition, especially a serious,
190. Gearing up: preparing for
sad, or difficult one. दर्दु शा
something that you have to do,
or to prepare someone else for 199. Proponents: people who
something. speak publicly in support of a
particular idea or plan of action.
Idiom
समर्थक
191. Making a mockery: to make
200. Valour: great courage. वीरता
something seem stupid or
without value. 201. Stringent: very strict and that
must be obeyed. कठोर
192. Salvo: the first part of a
speech or the first in a series of 202. Impregnable: so strongly
actions intended to get a built that it cannot be entered
particular result. झड़ by force. अभेद्य

193. Fulminations: strong 203. Overlook: to fail to notice or


criticism or protests. निंदा consider something or
someone. अनदे खी करना
194. Veiled: (of statements,
opinions, or intentions) not Phrasal verbs

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204. Striking down: deciding that idea, a belief, etc. is false;
a law or rule is illegal and showed that something is not
should be ignored. as good as people think it is.
परदाफ़ाश करना
205. Impinge on: to have an effect
on something, often causing 214. Throttle: to prevent
problems by limiting it in some something from succeeding.
way. दबाना

206. Rein in: to limit or control 215. Complacent: feeling so


someone or something. satisfied with your own abilities
or situation that you feel you do
207. Arbiter: someone who makes
not need to try any harder.
a judgment, solves an
आत्मसंतष्ु ट
argument, or decides what will
be done. न्यायकर्त्ता 216. Unprecedented: never
having happened or existed in
208. Disseminate: to spread or
the past. अभत
ू पर्व

give out something, especially
news, information, ideas, etc., 217. Cadres: small groups of
to a lot of people. प्रसार करना trained people who form the
basic unit of a military, political,
209. Absurdity: the fact of being
or business organisation. कैडर
extremely silly and not logical
and sensible. मर्ख
ू ता 218. Alluding: mentioning
someone or something in a
210. Delusional: having ideas or
brief or indirect way. संकेत करना
beliefs that are not based in
reality. भ्रांतिमय 219. Glee: happiness, excitement,
or pleasure. उल्लास
211. Free pass: complete freedom
to do something. अपनी इच्छानस
ु ार 220. Snooping: looking around a
करने की स्वतंत्रता place secretly, in order to
discover things or find out
212. Ambit: the range or limits of
information about someone or
the influence of something.
something. ताक-झांक
परिधि
Idiom
213. Debunked: showed that an

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221. Have an axe to grind: To 230. Warranted: made something
have a personal motivation or necessary or appropriate in a
selfish reason for saying or particular situation. प्रमाणिक
doing something. ठहराना

222. Faltering: losing strength or 231. Chugging: moving steadily.


purpose and stopping, or स्थिर रूप से आगे बढ़ना
almost stopping. लड़खड़ाता हुआ
Idioms
223. Protectionism: the principle
232. Calm nerves: to make
or practice of protecting a
one/someone calm or calmer.
country’s own industry by
taxing foreign goods. संरक्षणवाद 233. Silver lining: an advantage
that comes from a difficult or
224. Stuttering: working or
unpleasant situation.
happening in a way that is not
smooth or regular. स्र्क स्र्ककर 234. Reiterated: repeated
चलना something that you had already
said, especially to emphasize it.
225. Muddling: a messy and
दोहराना
confused state. अव्यवस्था
235. Elevate: to give
226. Tumultuous: very loud, or full
somebody/something a higher
of confusion, change, or
position or rank, often more
uncertainty. अशांत
important than they deserve.
227. Gauge: to make a judgment तरक्की दे ना
about something, especially
236. Contestation: the act of
people's feelings or attitudes.
arguing or disagreeing about
आँकना
something. प्रतिवाद
228. Tanked: quickly went down
237. Untenable: not able to be
in price, value, etc., or suddenly
supported or defended against
became less successful. कम
criticism, or no longer able to
सफल होना
continue. अस्थिर, असमर्थनीय
229. Slacken: to (cause to)
238. Stall: to delay taking action
become slower or less active.
or avoid giving an answer in
धीमा पड़ जाना

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order to have more time to give advice on a particular
make a decision or get an subject. विशेषज्ञ दल
advantage. टालना
247. Mirrored: represented
239. Replete: filled with something honestly. दर्शाना
something; with a full supply of
248. Indicted: officially charged
something. भरा हुआ
somebody with a crime. दोष
240. Appalling: shocking and very लगाना
bad. भयावह
249. Slumped: fell suddenly and
241. Dynamics: forces or by a large amount. भारी गिरावट
processes that produce change आना
inside a group or system. गतिकी
250. Setback: something that
242. Indigenous: used to refer to, happens that causes a delay or
or relating to, the people who prevents a process from
originally lived in a place, rather continuing. बाधा
than people who moved there
251. Pragmatism: the quality of
from somewhere else . स्वदे शी
dealing with a problem in a
243. Apex: the highest point or sensible way that suits the
most successful part of conditions that really exist,
something. सर्वोच्च rather than following fixed
theories, ideas, or rules.
Phrasal verbs
व्यावहारिकता
244. Smacks of: to show or seem
252. Rooted: developing from or
to have a characteristic or
being strongly influenced by
quality.
something. आधारित
245. Impinge on: to have an effect
253. Rattled: worried someone or
on something, often causing
made someone nervous. घबड़ा
problems by limiting it in some
दे ना
way.
254. Relinquish: to give up
246. Think tank: a group of
something such as a
experts who are brought
responsibility or claim. त्यागना
together to develop ideas and

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255. Vowed: made a determined important. अनादर करना
decision or promised to do
264. Cordial: friendly, but formal
something. प्रतिज्ञा करना
and polite. सौहार्दपर्ण

256. Prospects: possibilities that
265. Euphoria: a feeling of
something good might happen
extreme happiness or
in the future. संभावना
confidence. उत्साह
257. Prompted: made somebody
266. Prerogative: something that
decide to do something; caused
certain people are able or
something to happen. प्रोत्साहित
allowed to do or have, but is not
करना
possible or allowed for
258. Cynicism: the belief that everyone. विशेषाधिकार
people are only interested in
267. Porous: capable of being
themselves and are not sincere.
penetrated. झरझरा
कुटिलता
268. Telling: having a strong or
259. Turmoil: a state of extreme
important effect; effective.
confusion, uncertainty, or lack
अर्थपर्ण

of order. उथल-पथु ल
269. Woes: big problems or
260. Imminent: likely to happen
troubles. संकट
very soon. निकटस्थ
Idioms:
261. Austerity: difficult economic
conditions created by 270. Clutching at straws: to be
government policies aimed at willing to try anything to
cutting public spending. कठिनता improve a difficult or
unsatisfactory situation, even if
262. Conducive: providing the
it has little chance of success
right conditions for something
to happen or exist. अनकु ूल 271. Crossing of swords: arguing
with someone.

272. Warrants: to make a


263. Snub: to insult someone by
particular action necessary or
not giving them any attention or
correct, or to be a reason to do
treating them as if they are not
something. अधिकार दे ना

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273. Inherently: in a way that 282. Contemplated: thought about
exists as a natural or basic part whether you should do
of something. अंतर्निहित रूप से something, or how you should
do something. विचार करना
274. Rebutting: arguing that a
statement or claim is not true. 283. Underbelly: the weakest or
गलत साबित करना most unpleasant part of
something. नाजक ु भाग
275. Vetted: examined something
or someone carefully to make 284. Quest: a long search for
certain that they were something that is difficult to
acceptable or suitable. जाँचना find, or an attempt to achieve
something difficult. खोज
276. Antecedents: someone or
something existing or Idiom
happening before, especially as
285. Dug their heels in: refused to
the cause or origin of
change your plans or ideas,
something existing or
especially when someone was
happening later. पर्व
ू वर्ती
trying to persuade you to do so.
277. Rich: used to say that a
286. Portentous: too serious and
criticism someone makes is
trying to be very important.
surprising and not reasonable,
आडंबरपर्ण

because they have the same
fault. 287. Overkill: much more of
something than is needed or
278. Assailing: attacking
suitable. अत्यधिक
someone violently or criticising
someone strongly. टूट पड़ना 288. Pogrom: an act of organized
cruel behaviour or killing that is
279. Impediment: something that
done to a large group of people
makes progress or movement
because of their race or
difficult or impossible. बाधा
religion. सामहि
ू क हत्या
280. Stifling: making you feel
289. Rendition: an interpretation,
trapped and unable to do or say
performance, or translation.
what you want. दमघोंटू
अनवु ाद
281. Ire: anger. क्रोध

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290. Pretext: a pretended reason law or rule is illegal and should
for doing something that is be ignored.
used to hide the real reason.
Idioms
बहाना
298. Hold water: appear to be
291. Arbitrarily: in a way that is
valid, sound, or reasonable.
based on chance rather than
being planned or based on 299. Fall on deaf ears: be ignored
reason. मनमाने ढं ग से or disregarded.
292. Callousness: behaviour that 300. Adherence: the fact of
is unkind, cruel, and without behaving according to a
sympathy or feeling for other particular rule, etc., or of
people. रूखापन following a particular set of
beliefs, or a fixed way of doing
293. Lament: an expression of
something. अनप ु ालन
sadness over something, or a
complaint. विलाप 301. Emblematic: representing a
particular person, group, or
294. Stalled: delayed taking
idea. प्रतीकात्मक
action or avoided giving an
answer in order to have more 302. Etched: fixed permanently or
time to make a decision or get implanted firmly. उकेरना
an advantage. टालना
303. Amalgamation: the act of
295. Invoked: used a law in order putting two or more things
to achieve something, or to together so that they form one;
mentioned something in order the new thing that is formed in
to explain something or to this way. समामेलन
support your opinion or action.
304. Debilitating: making
की सहायता लेना
someone or something
Phrasal verbs physically weak. कमजोरी लाने
वाली
296. Weighed in: gave an opinion
or entered a discussion or 305. Shackle: to put many limits
argument. on what someone can do. रोकना
297. Strike down: to decide that a 306. Vigil: a watch or a period of

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watchful attention maintained at 316. Gyrations: the act of
night or at other times. चौकसी repeatedly and quickly
changing. घमु ाव
307. Sanctity: the state of being
very important and worth 317. Induced: caused something
protecting. पवित्रता to happen. कारण होना

308. Prudence: a sensible and 318. Rout: a situation in which


careful attitude when you make somebody is defeated easily
judgements and decisions; and completely in a battle or
behaviour that avoids competition. पराजय
unnecessary risks. विवेक
319. Rubbished: criticised
309. Unenviable: difficult or somebody/something severely
unpleasant; that you would not or treated them as though they
want to have. अस्पह
ृ णीय were of no value. खारिज किया

310. Congregating: coming 320. Mala fide: illegal or


together in a group. एकत्रित होना dishonest. बदनीयत

311. Emergent: starting to exist or 321. Chary: uncertain and


to become known. अस्तित्व में frightened to take risks, or
आने वाला unwilling to take action.
एहतियाती
312. Flounder: to have a lot of
problems and to be in danger of 322. Allaying: make something,
failing completely. लड़खड़ाना especially a feeling, less strong.
कम करना
313. Earmarked: kept or intended
something for a particular 323. Contagion: the fact of
purpose. निर्धारित करना economic problems in one
country, region, etc. spreading
314. Vociferous: expressing your
to another. स्पर्श संचार
opinions or feelings in a loud
and confident way. मख ु र 324. Downplay: to make
something seem less important
315. Infuse: filled someone or
or not as bad as it really is. कम
something with an emotion or
करके बताना
quality. भर दे ना

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325. Reposed: placed (trust, डालना
hope, confidence, etc.) in
333. Adjudication: the act of
someone or something. भरोसा
judging a case, competition, or
रखना
argument, or of making a formal
326. Preemptively: as a measure decision about something.
taken against something न्यायिक निर्णय
anticipated or feared;
334. Perilous: extremely
preventively.
dangerous. खतरनाक
327. Egregious: extremely bad in
335. Riparian: relating to or living
a way that is very noticeable.
or located on the bank of a
अत्यंत बरु ा
natural watercourse (such as a
Phrasal verb river) or sometimes of a lake or
a tidewater. तटवर्ती
328. Stepped up: increased the
size, amount, or speed of a 336. Rhetoric: speech or writing
process that is intended to that is intended to influence
achieve something. people, but that is not
completely honest or sincere.
Idiom
वक्रपटुता
329. In the wake of: following
337. Flank: the side of something.
(someone or something),
पार्श्व भाग
especially as a consequence.
338. Exemplified: being or giving
330. Intransigence: the quality of
a typical example of something.
refusing to change your
उदाहरण होना
opinions or behaviour. हठ
339. Arduous: difficult and tiring,
331. Persisted: tried to do or
or needing a great deal of effort.
continued doing something in a
कठिन
determined but often
unreasonable way. क़ायम रहना 340. Beleaguered: having a lot of
problems or difficulties. घेरा हुआ
332. Hampering: slowing the
movement, progress, or action 341. Rudimentary: only basic, and
of someone or something. बाधा not deep or detailed. मौलिक

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Phrasal verbs

342. Prevail over: to persuade


someone to do something that
they do not want to do.

343. Deliberate on: think about or


discuss something carefully.

Idiom

344. Strike a chord: To elicit or


trigger a strong emotional
response to something; to be
very poignant.

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TESTIMONIALS

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