EVOLUTIONARY ORIGIN Scientific

name:
Triticum

OF WHEATS
aestivum
Family:
Poaceae
Order:
Poales
Kingdom:
CROP PLANTS UNDERGOING DOMESTICATION Plantae

GROUP 55
Group
EVOLUTIONARY CHANGES
The evolutionary changes
of wheat took place for
over 300,000 years from
now.
It is part of the genus Wheat belongs
to the genus Triticum which
includes six species:
One of the oldest and most significant cereal
Triticum monococcum (AA)
crops is wheat. Over the past few decades, the Triticum urartu Tumanian (AA)
origin of bread wheat has generated Triticum turgidum (AABB)
controversy and fierce discussion in the Triticum timopheevii Z (AAGG)
Triticum aestivum (AABBDD)
scientific community. Triticum zhukovskyi.
Wheat is a grass family member that produces a dry, one- Through the natural process
seeded fruit known as a kernel. of hybridization, polyploidization,
Humans gathered and ate plant seeds more than 17,000 years domestication and mutation, a small
ago. After removing the husks, the kernels were simply chewed wild and hulled grain of wild einkorn
raw, parched, or simmered. (T. urartu) and goat grass (A.
Wheat originated in the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys, near speltoides) became a crop of Durum
what is now Iraq, in the "cradle of civilization." Wheat (T. durum) and bread wheat
Ceres, the Roman goddess who was considered the grain's
(T. aestivum).
protector, gave grains their common name today: "cereal."

H I S T O R Y :
The prevalent term "cereal" for grains primarily comes from the Roman goddess Ceres, who was venerated as the
grain's protector. Since the 18th century, the main grain crop has been wheat, which is used to make white bread,
pastries, pasta, and pizza. The inaugural English colonists brought wheat to the area, and it eventually gained over
as farmers' primary source of income as they sold it to exporters and individuals who resided in cities.

Its culture was predominant in the Middle Colonies, also known as the "bread colonies," throughout colonial times.
About three-quarters of all U.S. grain products are composed of wheat flour, which is the main grain used in those
items. In 42 of the states in the union, wheat is cultivated.

A D V A N T A G E S
Health Benefits of Wheat:
Apart from informing people, beautifully designed wheat is a
good source of carbohydrates as well as some vitamins and
minerals. It also contains significant amounts of other important
nutrients, such as proteins, fiber, and other minor components
that may aid in the maintenance of a healthy diet.

Potentially Anti-cancer Properties:

Wheat can be an anti-carcinogenic agent, especially in women.
According to studies, 30 grams of fiber per day is sufficient for
women to reduce their risk of breast cancer. Furthermore, it
may aid in skin improvement. Wheat contains selenium,
vitamin E, and zinc, all of which help nourish the skin.

USES AND IMPORTANCES: T H R E A T S

Wheat is a significant source of energy and starch, but it also contains significant 1. High level of soil acidity
amounts of a variety of nutrients that are necessary for good health, including protein, Wheat bread has a pH level of around 5.47-5.85. This is
vitamins (particularly B vitamins), dietary fiber, and phytochemicals. because there are some additives in wheat bread that aren't
present in natural, fresh wheat that lower the pH level.
For the majority of the world's temperate and subtropical regions, wheat is the main
However, it's still not low enough to worsen the severity and
food source. The flour from wheat is used mostly to make bread, cookies, chapatti, and
frequency of your acid reflux and GERD symptoms.
other baked goods. In the production of starch, gluten, malt, and liquors, it is used.
2. Climate change
Typically, wheat is ground into flour, which is then used to make a variety of meals, such The direct impact of climate change, via changes in
as crackers, crisp-breads, sauces, confectionery, bread, crumpets, muffins, noodles, pasta, temperature and precipitation, leads to wheat yield losses
biscuits, cakes, and pastries. between −1% and −8% depending on the site examined. Then,
the indirect impact of climate change is examined,
Endosperm and embryo are the two parts of wheat that are most useful. The following
considering the impact of climate change on water
facts are provided to further clarify this: Endosperm and embryo are parts of the seed.
availability leading to a decrease in irrigation.
Different procedures are used to remove the pericarp and seed coat.

Wheat Facts: National Association of Wheat Growers. (January 09, 2019) National Association of Wheat Growers | https://wheatworld.org/wheat-101/wheat-
REFERENCES: facts/#:~:text=Wheat%20originated%20in%20the%20%E2%80%9Ccradle,name%20today%20%E2%80%93%20%E2%80%9Ccereal.%E2%80%9DThe Editors of
Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2022, November 26). Wheat | Production, Types, Nutrition, Uses, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/plant/wheat