Week 4 Conservation

Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE

F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ME111 – Fluid Mechanics
Subject Instructor: Engr. Garne Joshua A. Ilan

Module No. & Title: 2. Conservation of Energy
=================================================================================
1. Properties of Fluid
Outline of Topics
1. Bernoulli’s Equation
2. Energy Equation for Steady flow of Incompressible Fluids
3. Power consideration in fluid flow
4. Cavitation
Specific Intended Learning Outcome/s (SILOs)

At the end of this topic, the student should be able to:
 Comprehend the different terms commonly used in Conservation of Energy
 Solve problems involving Conservation of Energy
Fluid Mechanics, Fluid mechanics is the study of fluid behavior (liquids, gases, blood, and plasmas) at rest
and in motion. Fluid mechanics has a wide range of applications in mechanical and chemical engineering,
in biological systems, and in astrophysics
Lesson 1. Introduction
Describing Streamlines, streak lines, and Path lines
Path line is the path of a fluid particle as it moves through a flow field.
Streak line is the line generated by a tracer fluid, such as a dye, continuously injected
into a flow fi eld at a starting point. For example, if smoke is introduced into a flow of air, the resulting lines
are streak lines
Streamline is defined as a line that is tangent everywhere to the local velocity vector.
The flow is separated by the dividing streamline. At the location where the dividing streamline intersects the
body, the velocity will be zero with respect to the body. This is called the stagnation point.
EN PHYS 1 – Physics for Engineers Page 1 of 12

When flow is steady, the pathline, streakline, and streamline look the same so long as they all pass through
the same point.
Characterizing Velocity of a Flowing Fluid
This section introduces velocity and the velocity field. Then, these ideas are used to introduce two
alternative methods for describing motion:
• Lagrangian approach. Describe motion of matter.
• Eulerian approach. Describe motion at locations in space.
Velocity, a property of a fl uid particle, gives the speed and direction of travel of the particle at
an instant in time.
A description of the velocity of each fluid particle in a flow is called a velocity field.
A field can be scalar valued (e.g., temperature fi eld, pressure fi eld) or vector valued (e.g.,
velocity field, acceleration field)
In solid mechanics, it is straightforward to describe the motion of a particle or a rigid body. In contrast, the
particles in a flowing fluid move in more complicated ways, and it is not practical to track the motion of each
particle. Thus, researchers invented a second way to describe motion.The first way to describe motion
(called the Lagrangian approach) involves selecting a body and then describing the motion of this body.
The second way (called the Eulerian approach) involves selecting a region in space and then describing
the motion that is occurring at points in space. In addition, the Eulerian approach allows properties to be
evaluated at
spatial locations as a function of time because the Eulerian approach uses fields

Steady flow means that velocity at each location in space is constant with time.
In an unsteady flow, the velocity is changing, at least at some points, in the velocity field.
Two different kinds of flow

Laminar flow, is a well-ordered state of flow in which adjacent fluid layers move smoothly with respect to
each other.
Turbulent flow, which is an unsteady flow characterized by eddies of various sizes and intense cross-
stream mixing
In both laminar and turbulent flow, the no-slip condition applies.
In a viscous flow, the forces associated with viscous shear stresses are large enough to eff ect
the dynamic motion of the particles that comprise the flow.
In an inviscid flow, the forces associated with viscous shear stresses are small enough
that they do not affect the dynamic motion of the particles that comprise the flow.
Acceleration is a property of a fluid particle. Th e tangential component of the acceleration vector is

associated with a change in speed. Th e normal component is associated with a change in direction. The
normal component will be nonzero anytime a particle is moving on a curved streamline because the particle
is continually changing its direction of travel
Mass Balance for Steady-Flow Processes
Volumes in Steady Flow

Lesson 3: Energy equation

for steady flow,
incompressible fluids



Lesson 3: Power Consideration in Fluid Flow (Efficiencies)
Mechanical energy can be defined as the form of energy that can be converted to mechanical work
completely and directly by an ideal mechanical device such as an ideal turbine.
Mechanical Efficiency
Pump and Turbine Efficiency
Motor and Generator Efficiency
Combined Overall Efficiency


Lesson 4: Bernoulli’s Equation
The Bernoulli equation is an approximate relation between pressure, velocity, and elevation, and is valid in
regions of steady, incompressible flow where net frictional forces are negligible

References:
https://cushman.host.dartmouth.edu/books/EFM/chap3.pdf
Donald F. Elger, et. all, Engineering Fluid Mechanics 11th Editiion

ME111- Fluid Mechanics Period: ___________________

Name of Student: ____________________________________________Course and Year: __________
Schedule (Time and Day): _____________________________________Final Rating: ______________
=================================================================================
1.Properties of Fluids
Practice Problem:
Acceleration
Bernoulli’s Equation
1.
2.
3.

Power Equation And Efficiency
Student’s Corner
Write your feedback and learning in this lesson.

Week 4 Conservation

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Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE

ME111 – Fluid Mechanics

Subject Instructor: Engr. Garne Joshua A. Ilan

Specific Intended Learning Outcome/s (SILOs)

Describing Streamlines, streak lines, and Path lines

EN PHYS 1 – Physics for Engineers Page 1 of 12

Characterizing Velocity of a Flowing Fluid

EN PHYS 1 – Physics for Engineers Page 2 of 12

Two different kinds of flow

In both laminar and turbulent flow, the no-slip condition applies.

Acceleration is a property of a fluid particle. Th e tangential component of the acceleration vector is

Mass Balance for Steady-Flow Processes

Volumes in Steady Flow

EN PHYS 1 – Physics for Engineers Page 3 of 12

Lesson 3: Energy equation

EN PHYS 1 – Physics for Engineers Page 4 of 12

EN PHYS 1 – Physics for Engineers Page 5 of 12

EN PHYS 1 – Physics for Engineers Page 6 of 12

Lesson 3: Power Consideration in Fluid Flow (Efficiencies)

Pump and Turbine Efficiency

Motor and Generator Efficiency

Combined Overall Efficiency

EN PHYS 1 – Physics for Engineers Page 7 of 12

EN PHYS 1 – Physics for Engineers Page 8 of 12

Lesson 4: Bernoulli’s Equation

EN PHYS 1 – Physics for Engineers Page 9 of 12

Donald F. Elger, et. all, Engineering Fluid Mechanics 11th Editiion

EN PHYS 1 – Physics for Engineers Page 10 of 12

ME111- Fluid Mechanics Period: ___________________

EN PHYS 1 – Physics for Engineers Page 11 of 12

Power Equation And Efficiency

EN PHYS 1 – Physics for Engineers Page 12 of 12

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