Name of the Student :

Matrix Number : Experiment Number :

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Single phase Half controlled Bridge Converter

1. OBJECTIVES
To study of Half controlled Bridge Converter.

2. THEORETICAL REVIEW
A semi converter uses two diodes and two thyristors and there is a limited control over the
level of dc output voltage. A semi converter is one quadrant converter. A one-quadrant converter has
same polarity of dc output voltage and current at its output terminals and it is always positive. It is
also known as two-pulse converter. Figure shows half controlled rectifier with R load. This circuit
consists of two SCRs T1 and T2, two diodes D1 and D2. During the positive half cycle of the ac
supply, SCR T1 and diode D2 are forward biased when the SCR T1 is triggered at a firing angle ωt =
α, the SCR T1 and diode D2 comes to the on state. Now the load current flows through the path L -
T1- R load –D2 - N. During this period, we output voltage and current are positive. At ωt = π, the load
voltage and load current reaches to zero, then SCR T1 and diode D2 comes to off state since supply
voltage has been reversed. During the negative half cycle of the ac supply, SCR T2 and diode D1 are
forward biased. When SCR T2 is triggered at a firing angle ωt = π + α, the SCR T2 and diode D1
comes to on state. Now the load current flows through the path N - T2- R load – D1 -L. During this
period, output voltage and output current will be positive. At ωt = 2π, the load voltage and load
current reaches to zero then SCR T2 and diode D1 comes to off state since the voltage has been
reversed. During the period (π + α to 2π) SCR T2 and diode D1 are conducting.

Formula used : Vout=(√2Vs)(1+Cosα)/π

Circuit diagram:

Descriptions of the trainer set observations points

Trainer kit comprises of the 2 mains parts,

  The gate control firing circuit.
 1 phase controlled converter rectifier circuit.

Gate controlled firing circuit

The gate controlled firing circuit block diagram is shown in the trainer kit. The synchronizing Input
AC voltage is applied through step down transformer of 12V , The synchronizing pulses are received
on the TP1 w.r.t to isolated ground. Then the pulses are given to the Ramp generator and comparator
circuit which again to deliver the corresponding pulses at the output and will be available for
observations at the TP3 & TP4 of both type positive going and negative going respectively. In the
ramp generator generates the corresponding pulses w.r.t to the input synchronizing ac mains of 20ms.
Ramp generator output is available at the TP2.

Thus the 2 positive and negative going square pulses from comparator output is controlled by the DC
biasing control voltage of 12V by the phase control potentiometer provided on the front panel. The
output of comparator generates the +/- square pulses then given to the pulses and carrier circuit.
Carrier wave generates a low frequency square pulses of frequency 4Khz are modulated with PWM
techniques. 555 timer to combine the +/- going square pulses at TP3 & TP4 & 4 KHz carrier wave.
The output of pulses and carrier circuit carries the 20ms wave with narrow pulses in it is observed at
the TP5 & TP6.

Then the output pulses both positive going and negative going are optically isolated before given to
the pulse driver circuit. The input of the pulses is given to the MCT2E photo LED`s at pin no 2 w.r.t.
to the pulse input ground. The output of the Opto coupler from photo transistor drives the pulse
amplifier stage. The power supply of this stage is different & common with Opto coupler output
stage. The gate control pulses are available At test points G1, K1, G2, K2.

1 phase half controlled converter rectifier circuit

The 1 phase half controlled circuit comprises of isolation transformer provides the step down voltage
(or 1:1 Ratio in different model) is given to the AC points yellow sockets at half bridge
configurations.The half bridge consists of 2 SCR`S and 2 Diodes. The SCR1 & SCR2 consist of
cathodes are connected together to form DC +ve point, D1 & D2 anodes are combined together to
form –ve point. Anode of SCR1 is connected to the Cathode of D1 Where Input AC voltage is
connected. Same way Anode of SCR2 is connected to the D2 where the AC second point is
connected. A free wheeling diode is connected with the on off switch to observe the effect of
freewheeling diode , The output is internally connected a series DC ammeter to the Load resistive ,
inductive or both . The test point for the output AC & DC voltage measurement are given and
indicated by the V symbol where AC & DC is observed on the multimeter and the CRO.

While taking the High voltage observation use Divide by 10 Probe for CRO.

3. FORMULAE

Vout=(√2Vs)(1+Cosα)/π
4. COMPONENTS

Single phase Half controlled bridge Converter trainer kit

 Manual
CRO
CRO probe
Connecting Cable

5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS

SINGLE PHASE HA LF CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER TRA INER LOAD RESISTOR

PO W E R 230V, PRODUCT CODE:
50H z AL-E061
FU SE K1 K2
S C R1 SC R 2 20 O H M, 20W
A

S1
R
ON 20 O H M, 20W
G1 G2
F FW D
AC B A159 V
220V 24V/2 20V
AC AC
S2
L
D1 D1 D2 D2

+ DC V O LTM ETE R -
15V GND DC
+ -

G ATE FIR IN G C O N TR O L C IR C U IT
TP 1 TP 3 TP 5 + 15 V
TP 2
G1
MA IN S RAM P P U LS E OP TO PU L SE
S Y N C H R O N IZ E R GE N E R ATOR & C A R R IE R IS O LATO R A M PL IF IE R
TX R AND
C OM PA R ATO R P U L SE
TX R

SYNC P U L SE K1 A C V O LT M ETE R
P U L SE GE N E R ATOR AC
T P4 TP 6

PH A SE
CONTROL G2

K2
DC AM M ETER

6. Precautions
1. Ensure the switch is in OFF position while doing circuit connection.
2. Ensure release switch in OFF position whenever power is switched ON.
3. The CRO observation in the CRO take very carefully.

7.MANUAL DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit diagram & connection diagram as shown in the figure.
2. Connect the correct sequence of the gate driving pulses to the SCR`s.
3. Connect the load resistive load or lamp load to the output of the single phase controlled half
converter.
4. Connect the isolated transformer output to the input of the converter.
5. Connect the Meters to observe the output & input voltages.
6. Connect the power to the trainer kit.
7. Switch on the power to the trainer kit.
 8. Observe the input and output voltage & current readings in the observations table as shown
below.
9. Vary the phase control knob to control the output voltages & corresponding current in the
observation table.
10. Connect the CRO to observe the various waveforms at the various block indicated in the
trainer set.

8. WORKSHEETS
SrNO TRIGGERING Input Output voltage Output voltage Load current in
. ANGLE α voltage Observed calculated by AMPS
In degrees formula

9. Waveform

10. RESULT: