1. Why did population grow so slowly in the 1800’s?

- Faster population growth would depress wages, causing

mortality to rise due to famine, war or disease—in short,
misery. Malthus called this mortality response the “positive”
check.
2. Why did mortality begin to decline?
- The first stage of mortality decline is due to reductions in
contagious and infectious diseases that are spread by air or
water. Starting with the development of the smallpox vaccine
in the late eighteenth century, preventive medicine played a
role in mortality decline in Europe
3. Had the medical progress and the rising per capita income affected
the mortality rate? – No
4. Has the contraceptive technology influenced the fall of fertility rate?
Cite examples.
- This expanded use of contraceptives has resulted in a
considerable fertility decline. People inserted cup-shaped
devices, like diaphragms and cervical caps, into the vagina to
block sperm from entering the uterus
5. Does the world approach to a biological limit of life expectancy?
Why or why not?
- No natural limit, a report in Science from 2002 which looked at life
expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840, concluded
that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.
6. How does demographic transition affect global population?
- Over the course of the demographic transition, declines in
fertility and mortality cause important changes in a
population's age composition. In general, countries in the
early stages of the transition have a younger age structure
than countries in the later stages.

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