Session 1 Key Answer

1. F, PHILIPPINE NURSES ASSOCIATION

RATIONALE: NCNR defines research as “the testing of knowledge that can be used to guide nursing
practice”.
2. F, IDENTIFICATION .
RATIONALE: Questions that ask what the phenomenon is falls under identification in nursing
research..

3. F, PREDICTION.
RATIONALE: Exploring in nursing research answers the “what” question of the phenomena.

4. F, FORMAL.
RATIONALE: A nursing research is formal because it requires scientific method.

5. T
RATIONALE: This is is correct. Worth and value of the nursing profession to society is the second goal
of nursing research.

6. T
RATIONALE: This is correct. Research is derived from the French term “recerche” which means “to
seek or to search”

7. F, EXPLANATION
RATIONALE: The why questions are answered under explanation under the purposes of research.

8. T
RATIONALE: This is correct. System and order is emphasized by Polit and Beck in the pursuit of
answers to questions that encompasses the subject of nursing.

9. F, RESEARCH
RATIONALE: Effectiveness in nursing care can be obtained through nursing research.

10. F, PREDICTION
RATIONALE: Prediction projects a situation or events that could arise from research investigation

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 Session 2 Key Answer

1. Answer: B, Participant in a study

RATIONALE: A survey questionnaire is distributed to participants of the study to collect data .

2. Answer: C, Principal Investigator

RATIONALE: The principal investigator assumes full responsibility of the research and leads the
research group in conducting a study.

3. Answer: C, Client Advocate during studies

RATIONALE: Ethics in research is practiced by making sure clients are protected at all times during
the course of the study.

4. Answer: A, Study assumptions

RATIONALE: Limitations are uncontrollable variables, samples is the p ercentage or proportion of the
population selected as respondents and the research design is the overall pattern of how the study
will be conducted, particularly the research methods and techniques to be used.

5. Answer: C, Study Variables

RATIONALE: Limitations are uncontrollable variables, samples is the p ercentage or proportion of the
population selected as respondents and target population refer to individuals, organizations or
institutions which constitute the focus of research.

6. Answer: B, Empirical
RATIONALE: Experiences and observations rooted in objective reality as sources of knowledge are
learned through human senses.

7. Answer: D, Intensive
RATIONALE: Being intensive means an in-depth approach is used to ensure that all the possible
loopholes in the study are covered.

8. Answer: A, Control
RATIONALE: Control will enable the researcher to justify and validate conclusions drawn from the
investigation that will lead to valid and precise results.

9. Answer: C, Null Hypotheses

RATIONALE: Abstract and assumptions are not statistically tested to prove if a relationship or
difference exists between and among variables.

10. Answer: D, Generalization

RATIONALE: Generalization is based on the results obtained on the sample of cases and instances
having common traits and characteristics as the universe.

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 Session 3 Key Answer (ANSWERS MAY VARY DEPENDING ON YOUR CITATIONS)

Session 4 Key Answer

Answers:
Step 1: Formulation of a clinical question:
What is the relationship between loneliness, social isolation, and established cardiovascular/metabolic
risk factors and disorders, especially in severe mental illness?

Step 2: Finding the best evidence:

Searching for studies on the relationship between loneliness, social isolation, and established
cardiovascular/metabolic risk factors and disorders, especially in severe mental illness from PubMed,
EMBASE (through Ovid SP), Scopus, and PsycINFO (through Ovid SP) along with citation lists of retrieved
articles and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Grey literature using Google Scholar . This is
guided by PICO.

Step 3: Critical appraisal and synthesis of the best evidence.

A summary effect size, heterogeneity, risk of bias, publication bias, and the effect of categorical and
continuous moderator variables

Step 4. Integration of the evidence.

Determined association between loneliness, social isolation, and cardiovascular/metabolic risk factors,
with a special focus on severe mental illnesses.

Session 5 Key Answer

1. Handwashing is a universal precaution. No questions about it. But in the clinical area, in the
absence of water, there are other ways to keep health practitioners aseptic. If this is the clinical
question, “Does handwashing among healthcare workers reduce hospital acquired infection?”,
answer the following:

P-roblem/population Hospital acquired infection

I-ntervention of interest Handwashing

C-omparison No handwashing, solutions, facemask

O-utcome Reduced hospital acquired infection

T-ime target (Optional)

Handwashing is a universal precaution which is a practice for all healthcare workers. The problem is the
hospital acquired infection and the intervention is handwashing. To reduce infection, a comparison can
be identified when healthcare workers do not practice handwashing, the different solutions or

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 antiseptics used and face mask with the outcome of reduced cases. The time target is optional as this is
hypothetical.

2. The year 2020 had caused the fear of Covid 19. The healthworkers are extra cautious in
protecting themselves. If this is the clinical question, “Does self-quarantine decrease cross
infection of Covid 19 among healthcare workers in the Covid ward?”, answer the following:

P-roblem/population Healthcare workers

I-ntervention of interest Self-quarantine

C-omparison Handwashing, PPE, Vitamins

O-utcome Reduced no. of cases

T-ime target (Optional)

The population is the healthcare workers and the intervention of interest is self-quarantine. To
prevent cross contamination, preventive practices such as handwashing, PPE and vitamins will be
compared. The outcome is reduced number of cases. Time target is optional as this is hypothetical.

LESSON 6
TB Infection Control Measures
Level IV
Level V
Level VI
Level VII
Answer:6

An Analysis of the Cigarette Consumption among Adults: A Correlational Study

Level I
Level II
Level III
Level IV
Answer:4

Polypharmacy Practices Among the Elderly

Level III
Level IV
Level V
Level VI

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 Answer:6

A Systematic Review on the Effects of Antipsychotic Medications Among Clients with Delusional
Disorders
Level III
Level IV
Level V
Level VI
Level VII
Answer:5

Lived Experience of ER Nurses

Level IV
Level V
Level VI
Level VII
Answer:6

Systematic Reviews of Kwashiorkor Among Toddlers

Level I
Level II
Level III
Level IV
Answer:3

Acculturative Stress Among Foreign Students: A Case Analysis

Level I
Level II
Level III
Level IV
None of the above
Answer:6

Antibacterial Effects of Mango Leaf Extract

Level I
Level II
Level III
Level IV
Answer:2

Opinions of Medical Scientists in Covid-19 Cross-infection *

Level IV
Level V
Level VI
Level VII
Answer: 7

Correlates of Depression Among Menopausal Women

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 Level IV
Level V
Level VI
Level VII
Answer:4

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