PRÁCTICO #1

CARGA BALANCEADA

ESTUDIANTE: ANDRES MICHAEL CAMACHO VILLARROEL

CODIGO: S7709-7

CARRERA: ING. CIVIL

SEMESTRE: OCTAVO

MATERIA: ESTRUCTURAS DE HºPº

DOCENTE: ING. JUAN CARLOS MOJICA APARICIO

Santa Cruz - 03 / 08 / 2022

 PRÁCTICO #1

Tema: Carga Balanceada 03/08/22 Est: Andres M. Camacho Villarroel

Aplicando los conceptos de la carga balanceada, demostrar los esfuerzos y las

excentricidades indicadas en los siguientes ejercicios. Tn ≔ 1000 kgf

a) Caso 1:

Determinamos los valores de las reacciones:

ΣMB ＝ 0

⎛ L1 ⎞ ⎛L⎞
VA ⋅ ⎛⎝L1⎞⎠ - ⎛⎝q ⋅ L1⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎜―⎟ + ((q ⋅ L)) ⋅ ⎜―⎟＝0
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝2⎠

q
VA ＝ ――⋅ ⎛⎝L1 2 - L 2 ⎞⎠
2 ⋅ L1
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Tema: Carga Balanceada 03/08/22 Est: Andres M. Camacho Villarroel

ΣFV ＝ 0

VA + VB - q ⋅ ⎛⎝L1 + L⎞⎠ ＝ 0

q
――⋅ ⎛⎝L1 - L ⎞⎠ + VB - q ⋅ ⎛⎝L1 + L⎞⎠ ＝ 0
2 2

2 ⋅ L1

q
VB ＝ ――⋅ ⎛⎝L + L1⎞⎠ 2
2 ⋅ L1

Calculamos el momento máximo:

ΣMB ＝ 0

⎛ L1 ⎞
Mmax ＝ VA ⋅ ⎛⎝L1⎞⎠ - ⎛⎝q ⋅ L1⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎜―⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠

⎛ q ⎞ ⎛ L1 ⎞
Mmax ＝ ⎜――⋅ ⎛⎝L1 2 - L 2 ⎞⎠⎟ ⋅ ⎛⎝L1⎞⎠ - ⎛⎝q ⋅ L1⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎜―⎟
⎝ 2 ⋅ L1 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

⎛q 2 ⎞⎞
L1 2
⎛ 2
Mmax ＝ ⎜―⋅ ⎝L1 - L ⎠⎟ - q ⋅ ――
⎝2 ⎠ 2

q 2 q 2
L1 2
Mmax ＝ ―⋅ L1 - ―⋅ L - q ⋅ ――
2 2 2

q
Mmax ＝ -―⋅ L 2
2

Mmax ＝ P ⋅ h

Igualando los momentos máximos:

Mmax ＝ Mmax

q
P ⋅ h ＝ -―⋅ L 2
2

-q ⋅ L 2
h ＝ ―――
2⋅P

A partir de relación de triángulos:

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Tema: Carga Balanceada 03/08/22 Est: Andres M. Camacho Villarroel

-q ⋅ L 2
―――
x1 2
―― ＝ ―――
L1 L1
―
2
-q ⋅ L 2
x1 ＝ ―――
4

Determinando el momento a la mitad del primer tramo:

⎛ L1 ⎞ ⎛ L1 ⎞ ⎛ L1 ⎞
m' ＝ VA ⋅ ⎜―⎟ - ⎜q ⋅ ―⎟ ⋅ ⎜―⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠

⎛q 2 ⎞⎞
L1 2
⎛ 2
m' ＝ ⎜―⋅ ⎝L1 - L ⎠⎟ - q ⋅ ――
⎝4 ⎠ 8

q 2 q 2
L1 2
m' ＝ ―⋅ L1 - ―⋅ L - q ⋅ ――
4 4 8

q
m' ＝ ―⋅ ⎛⎝2 L1 2 - 2 ⋅ L 2 - L1 2 ⎞⎠
8

q
m' ＝ ―⋅ ⎛⎝L1 2 - 2 ⋅ L 2 ⎞⎠
8

Calculando el valor de h1 :

m' ＝ m'

P ⋅ h1 ＝ x1 - m'

-q ⋅ L 2 q
P ⋅ h1 ＝ ――― - ―⋅ ⎛⎝L1 2 - 2 ⋅ L 2 ⎞⎠
4 8
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Tema: Carga Balanceada 03/08/22 Est: Andres M. Camacho Villarroel

-q ⋅ L 2 q q
P ⋅ h1 ＝ ――― - ―⋅ L1 2 + ―⋅ 2 ⋅ L 2
4 8 8

-q ⋅ L1 2
h1 ＝ ―――
8⋅P

Determinando el momento a la mitad del segundo tramo:

⎛ L⎞ ⎛L⎞
m'' ＝ -⎜q ⋅ ―⎟ ⋅ ⎜―⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝4⎠

L2
m'' ＝ -q ⋅ ――
8

Calculando el valor de h1 :

m'' ＝ m''

P ⋅ h2 ＝ x1 - m''

-q ⋅ L 2 L2
P ⋅ h2 ＝ ――― - -q ⋅ ――
4 8

-q ⋅ L 2
h2 ＝ ―――
8⋅P
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Tema: Carga Balanceada 03/08/22 Est: Andres M. Camacho Villarroel

b) Caso 2:

Datos:

kg
F ≔ 6349 kg P ≔ 145120 kg q ≔ 2380 ―
m

L1 ≔ 6.09 m L2 ≔ 14.63 m

Determinamos los valores de las reacciones:

ΣMB ＝ 0

⎛ L1 + L2 ⎞ ⎛ L1 ⎞ ⎛ L2 ⎞ solve , VA
VA ≔ VA ⋅ ⎛⎝L2⎞⎠ - ⎛⎝q ⋅ ⎛⎝L1 + L2⎞⎠⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ + ⎛⎝q ⋅ L1⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎜―⎟ - F ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ＝ 0 ――― → 35078.4 ⋅ kg
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

VA → 35078.4 ⋅ kg

ΣFV ＝ 0

solve , VB
VB ≔ VA + VB - q ⋅ ⎛⎝L1 + L2 + L1⎞⎠ - F ＝ 0 ――― → 35078.4 ⋅ kg

VB → 35078.4 ⋅ kg

Calculamos el momento negativos:

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Tema: Carga Balanceada 03/08/22 Est: Andres M. Camacho Villarroel

ΣMA ＝ 0

⎛ L1 ⎞
MA ≔ -⎛⎝q ⋅ L1⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎜―⎟ → -44134.839 ⋅ kg ⋅ m
⎝ 2 ⎠

MA → -44134.839 ⋅ kg ⋅ m

MA ＝ P ⋅ eA

Igualando los momentos en A:

MA ＝ MA

P ⋅ eA ＝ MA

MA
eA ≔ ―― → -0.30412650909592061742 ⋅ m
P

Calculamos el momento positivo:

ΣM ＝ 0

q ⋅ L2 2
Mpos ≔ ――― + P ⋅ eA → 19541.13875 ⋅ kg ⋅ m
8

Mpos → 19541.13875 ⋅ kg ⋅ m

Mpos ＝ P ⋅ epos

Igualando los momentos positivos:

Mpos ＝ Mpos

P ⋅ epos ＝ Mpos

Mpos
epos ≔ ――→ 0.13465503548787210584 ⋅ m
P

e ≔ epos - eA → 0.43878154458379272326 ⋅ m
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Tema: Carga Balanceada 03/08/22 Est: Andres M. Camacho Villarroel

c) Caso 3:

Datos: clear ⎛⎝VA , VB⎞⎠

kg
q ≔ 2380 ―
m

b ≔ 30.5 cm h ≔ 76.20 cm

L ≔ 15.24 m

Determinamos los valores de las reacciones:

ΣMB ＝ 0

⎛L⎞ solve , VA
VA ≔ VA ⋅ ((L)) - ((q ⋅ L)) ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ＝ 0 ――― → 18135.6 ⋅ kg
⎝2⎠

VA → 18135.6 ⋅ kg

Calculamos el momento positivo:

ΣM ＝ 0

⎛ L⎞ ⎛L⎞
MA ≔ ⎜q ⋅ ―⎟ ⋅ ⎜―⎟ → 69096.636 ⋅ kg ⋅ m
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝4⎠
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Tema: Carga Balanceada 03/08/22 Est: Andres M. Camacho Villarroel

MA → 69096.636 ⋅ kg ⋅ m

MA ＝ P ⋅ eA

Igualando los momentos en A:

MA ＝ MA

P ⋅ eA ＝ MA

MA
eA ≔ ―― → 0.47613448180815876516 ⋅ m
P

Sin embargo la excentricidad máxima:

rec ≔ 4 cm ϕTorones ≔ 8 cm

h ⎛ ϕTorones ⎞
emax ≔ ―- ⎜rec + ――― ⎟
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠

emax = 30.1 cm
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Tema: Carga Balanceada 03/08/22 Est: Andres M. Camacho Villarroel

d) Caso 4:

Datos: clear ⎛⎝VA , VB⎞⎠

kg
P ≔ 145120 kg q ≔ 1532 ―
m

b ≔ 30.5 cm h ≔ 76.20 cm

L ≔ 15.24 m

Para esta consideración se aplica el Teorema De Los Tres Momentos:

⎛1 ⎞ ⎛1 ⎞
MA ⋅ L + 2 ⋅ MB ⋅ ((L + L)) + MC ⋅ L ＝ -⎜―⋅ q ⋅ L 3 ⎟ - ⎜―⋅ q ⋅ L 3 ⎟
⎝4 ⎠ ⎝4 ⎠

⎛1 ⎞
0 ⋅ L + 2 ⋅ MB ⋅ ((L + L)) + 0 ⋅ L ＝ -⎜―⋅ q ⋅ L 3 ⎟
⎝2 ⎠

⎛1 ⎞
4 ⋅ MB ⋅ L ＝ -⎜―⋅ q ⋅ L 3 ⎟
⎝2 ⎠

⎛1 ⎞
MB ≔ -⎜―⋅ q ⋅ L 2 ⎟
⎝8 ⎠

MB = -44477.33 kg ⋅ m

MB ＝ P ⋅ eB
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Tema: Carga Balanceada 03/08/22 Est: Andres M. Camacho Villarroel

Igualando los momentos en B:

MB ＝ MB

P ⋅ eB ＝ MB

MB
eB ≔ ――
P

eB = -30.65 cm

Determinando la reacción en el apoyo en A:

ΣMB ＝ 0

Por simetría VA ＝ VC :

⎛L⎞ solve , VA
VA ≔ VA ⋅ ((L)) - ((q ⋅ L)) ⋅ ⎜―⎟ - M B ＝ 0 ――― → 8755.38 ⋅ kg
⎝2⎠

VA → 8755.38 ⋅ kg

Determinando la reacción al medio del primer tramo:

ΣM ＝ 0

⎛L⎞ ⎛ L⎞ ⎛L⎞
m ≔ VA ⋅ ⎜―⎟ - ⎜q ⋅ ―⎟ ⋅ ⎜―⎟ → 22238.6652 ⋅ kg ⋅ m
⎝2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝4⎠

m → 22238.6652 ⋅ kg ⋅ m

M＝P ⋅ e

Igualando los momentos:

P ⋅ e＝m

m
e ≔ ―→ 0.15324328280044101433 ⋅ m
P