Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
Marigondon National High School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

ST
21 CENTURY LITERATURE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Name: Score :____________________________

Year : Section:_________ _______________

I. Lesson Title (Quarter No., LAS No., Week No., Semester, School Year)
st
Philippine Literature During Pre-Colonial to American Period (Quarter 1, LAS No. 1, Week 3, 1 Semester, 2020-
2021)

II. Learning Competency /ies (LC) and Learning Objectives (LO)

A. Learning Competency:
Writing a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts and doing an adaptation of
these require from the learner the ability to identify:
1. geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary history from pre-colonial to
the contemporary

B. Learning Objectives:
1. Determine the works and writers during the Pre-colonial to American Colonial periods and their
literary contributions to Philippine literature.
2. Construct a timeline interpreting the literary text of the Philippine literary history from Pre-
colonial to American Period.
3. Display enthusiasm and independence in discovering the ideas and performing the task.
4. Adhere to the value of appreciation to the richness of Philippine literature through a critical
analysis of a literary text.

III. Concept Notes (Content Discussions)

Instructions: Read and understand Philippine Literature.

Philippine Literature is a great treasure of our ancestors.

PHILIPPINE LITERATURE DURING THE PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

Godinez-Ortega presents the literary works which emerged during the Pre-colonial period (The Literary Forms in
Philippine Literature):

• Filipino archaeologists, ethnologists and anthropologists provided the Filipinos information on Philippine
literature at Pre-colonial period from the bulk of material recorded by Spanish, Chinese, Arabic and other
chroniclers of the past.

• Pre-colonial inhabitants of the islands showcase a rich past through their folk speeches, folk songs, folk
narratives and indigenous rituals and mimetic dances that affirm our ties with our Southeast Asian neighbors.

• The proverbs or aphorisms express norms or codes of behavior, community beliefs or they instill values by
offering nuggets of wisdom in short, rhyming verse.

• The most influential of the folk speeches is the riddle which is tigmo in Cebuano and bugtong in Tagalog.
The riddle contains a metaphor that will test the wit of the person who will guess the answer or the object
behind the metaphor.

• In the Pre-colonial period, folk narratives include epics and folk tales which contain themes of magic and
heroism. The narratives explain the creation of the world, and the formation of waterfalls, mountains, and
volcanoes. They also explain why some animals behave in a particular way. Legends explain the beginning of
things while fables are about animals that teach moral lessons.

• Examples of these epics are the Lam-ang (Ilocano) and Hinilawod (Sulod).
 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE DURING THE SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

• The Spanish colonial Period is characterized by these literary works and events (Godinez-Ortega):

• Theater or drama which contain European culture was introduced by the Spaniards. Plays that became
popular are the komedya, sinakulo, and sarswela.

• On the later part, Spain also influenced the Filipino intellectuals and writers on the meanings of
liberty and freedom.

• Literature during the Spanish colonial period are religious and secular in prose and poetry.

• Religious lyrics were included in early catechism in teaching the Filipinos which include novena and
catechisms.

• Most outstanding religious poetry is the pasyon that commemorates the agony and crucifixion of the Lord
Jesus Christ.

• Secular poetry was followed by romantic poetry that introduced metrical romances of awit and corrido.
Notable poets were Francisco Balagtas who is famous for his “Florante at Laura” and Jose Corazon de
Jesus, also known as Huseng Sisiw, who is famous for his poem “Ang Bayan Ko”.

• The Filipino intellectuals or ilustrados took the literary scene in the 19th century after writing
political essays that reflect the injustices of Spanish colonization in the country. Notable
propagandists that cry for change are Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Andres Bonifacio, Jose
Rizal, and Mariano Ponce. But it was Rizal’s most significant novels Noli Mi Tangere and El
Filibusterismo that awakened the Filipinos and led them to revolt against the Spanish regime.

• Famous essayists and fictionists in this time were Vicente Sotto, Claro M. Recto, Rafael Palma, Teodoro
M. Kalaw, Epifanio de los Reyes and Trinidad Pardo de Tavera.

PHILIPPINE LITERATURE DURING THE AMERICAN COLONIZATION

The American Colonial Period is characterized by these literary works and events (Godinez-Ortega):

• The American colonial period introduced new literary styles and forms such as the modern poem called free
verse, the modern short story which now follows a structure, and the critical essay.

• English was introduced to the Filipinos as a primary medium of instruction in all schools where the
Americans called Thomasites became the Filipinos’ first teachers. English became the main language of
most Filipino writers.

• Outstanding writer during this period is Jose Garcia Villa who introduced the literary idea “art for
art’s sake”.

• Modernism in poetry was introduced by Alejandro G. Abadilla who influenced Virgilio S. Almario, Rolando
S. Tinio, and Pedro I. Ricarte in writing modern verses.
• In 1925, Dead Stars became the first successful short story in English written by the Filipino fictionist
Paz Marquez Benitez. Manuel E. Arguilla, who wrote How My Brother Leon Brought Home His Wife, also showed
exceptional skills in crafting short stories in English.

• Novels in English did not prosper but novels in vernaculars became popular; they were serialized in
weekly magazines, and published in local newspapers such as like Liwayway, Bisaya, Hiligaynon and
Banawag.

• It was in 1920s that essays became popular among Filipino writers as a literary form. Leading essayists
include Carlos P. Romulo, Jorge Bocobo, and Pura Santillan. In response to Villa’s literary idea of
“art for art’s sake”, Salvador P. Lopez wrote a critical essay entitled Literature and Society that
criticized Villa’s literary assertion and won the Commonwealth Literary Award. This essay stressed that
art must have content and that Villa's literary stand is immoral.
IV. Activities (1-2)
A. Activity 1: Guess Me!
Instruction: Identify what literary work/masterpieces of Philippine Literature according to its period.
1. Legend of Maria Makiling
2. Noli Mi Tangere
3. Proverbs
4. Literarture and Society
5. How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife
6. Liwayway
7. Sinakulo
8. Tigmo
9. El Filibusturismo
10. Hinalawod

B. Activity 2: Post Assessment

Instruction: Read the statement carefully and encircle the best answer to each item.

1. What term refers to a collection of writing which is an art form that deemed to have artistic or
intellectual value, and sometimes deploys language in ways that differ from ordinary usage?
a. fiction b.literature c. poetry d. prose

2. What type of a narrative poem refers to a long poetic composition, usually centered upon a
hero,in which a series of great achievements or events is narrated in elevated style?
a. epic b. folktale c. myth d. song

3. What type of folk speech refers to a saying that gives advice in an obscure way and usually has
an allegorical type of message behind that when first heard?
a. chants b. proverbs c. riddles d. songs

4. What type of folk speech contains a metaphor, tests a person’s wit, and is typically presented
as a game, may and usually has an allegorical type of message behind that when first heard?
a. chants b. proverbs c. riddles d. songs

5. What narratives are depicted as fictions but have diverse usage or functions in the formation or
modification of one’s morality?
a. fables b. folktales c. legends d. myths

6. Which play was not popularized during the Spanish Period?

a. Komedya b. Sinakulo c. Sarswela d. Sineskwela

7. Which of the following does not belong to the Filipino intellectuals or ilustrados who took the
th
literary scene in the 19 ?
a. Marcelo H. del Pilar c. Edith Tiempo
b. Graciano Lopez Jaena d. Mariano Ponce.

8. Which of the following does not belong in pre-colonial literature?

a. Aliguyon b. Pasyon c. Biag ni Lam-ang d. Tigmo

9. What period marked as the era of recovery after freedom was granted to the Filipino writers?
a. A. Pre-colonial Period C. Japanese Period
b. B. American Period D. Post War Period

10. What do you call a composition in verse in which the letters of a word are used in order to form
a word or phrase?
a. acrostic b. riddle c. Haiku d. sonnet
 V. Practical Application: Be Creative with the Chronology!

Instruction:

Make a chronological timeline that will show the different periods of the Philippine literature. Your
work must be creatively done. You can improvise and put it in a short bond paper. Moreover, your timeline
must have the following information:
1. Characteristics of the Period
2. Prominent Artists (if there are)
3. Sample literary pieces

VI. References (Use APA format)

Godinez-Ortega, Christine F. “The Literary Forms in the Philippine Literature’, n.d.,
http://www.seasite.niu.edu.

Outlined by:

Doren S. Salazar, T-III

Prepared by:

Tristan Genesis N. Amistad, T-I

Subject Teacher

Noted by:

Mr. Jonathan Barazona

Master Teacher II