Atomic Structure – Worksheet 1a Answer

1. Answer
(a) Ans:
Proton Electron Neutron
Relative mass 1 1/1840 1
Relative charge +1 -1 0
Location Nucleus Electron shell Nucleus

(b) Atoms with same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

2. Answer
Element Proton Mass number Number of
number protons neutrons electrons
Oxygen 8 16 8 8 8
Calcium 20 40 20 20 20
Phosphorous 15 31 15 16 15
Fluorine 9 19 9 10 9
Magnesium 12 24 12 12 12
Nickel 28 59 28 31 28

3. Answer:
(a) Group 0, noble gases
(b) The electrons on the outer most shell.

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 (c) Answer:
Number of Number of Electronic Number of
Element
Protons Electrons configuration valence electron
Mg 12 12 2. 8. 2 2
Na 11 11 2. 8. 1 1
O 8 8 2. 6 6
Cl 17 17 2. 8. 7 7
Ca 20 20 2. 8. 8. 2 2
K 19 19 2. 8. 8. 1 1

4. Answer
Magnesium atom: Oxygen atom:

Chlorine atom: Sodium atom:

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 Neon atom: Nitrogen atom:

5. Answer
(a) Answer
Element Number of Number of Number of Type of Ion
Protons Electrons valence electron ion formed
Mg 12 12 2 Cation Mg2+
Na 11 11 1 Cation Na+
O 8 8 6 Anion O2-
Cl 17 17 7 Anion Cl-
Ca 20 20 2 Cation Ca2+
K 19 19 1 Cation K+

(b) Answer
Magnesium ion: Oxygen ion:

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 Chlorine ion: Sodium ion:

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 Atomic Structure – Worksheet 1b Answer

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 Atomic Structure – Worksheet 2 Answer
Paper 1
!
1. A (. !"#$ )

2. C (3 elements à H, S and O; 6 atoms)

3. B (same number of protons, different number of neutrons)
4. B (Proton mass = Neutron mass)
5. A (Count the numbers)
6. D (same number of protons; different number of neutrons)
7. D (They have similar chemical properties)
8. B (Use the periodic table, do not that H is in period 1)
9. D (Proton, neutron and hydrogen ion has the same relative mass)
10. B (He = 2.2 ; Br = 2.3 ; Li = 2.1 ; Al = 2.8.3 so Aluminium has the most shells)
11. C (Br- has 36 electrons; Ca2+ has 18 electrons; Al3+ has 10 electrons; P3- has 18 electrons)
12. C (M+ means that 1 electron was lost and a M atom would have 11 electrons; Thus there
were 11 protons as #P = #E for atoms. Neutrons = 23 – 11 = 12)
13. C (Proton, neutron and hydrogen ion has the same relative mass; Hydrogen ion as it has no
electron, no neutron)
14. C (Isotopes have the same proton number but different neutron number; Cr has 24 protons;
look at periodic table)
15. B (we have 3 oxygen; 3 x 16 = 48 ; 2M = 152 – 48 = 104 ; M = 52)
16. A (They have fully filled valence shells)
17. C (All have full valence shell and 8 valence electrons)
18. B (A and D are wrong as they are all from the same group à atoms will have same valence
electrons; B is correct as all have 10 electrons; C is wrong as bromine ion has more
electrons)
19. B (Metals only have 1, 2 or 3 electrons on the valence shell)
20. C (X3+ has lost 3 electrons; An atom of X would have 21 + 3 electrons, Number of
protons = number electrons = 24 ; Number of neutrons = 52 – 24 = 28)
21. A (#Proton = #Electron = 3; #Neutron = 4)
22. D (Negative ion = gain electron ; No change to neutrons and protons)
23. C (Adding electron = ion ; Adding proton = change in element, move to the right; adding
neutron = isotope)

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24. B (Both are ions = both can have 2, 8, 8)
25. D (same proton and neutron but different number of electrons; also should have less
electrons as cation is formed)
26. C (A is all same group so no; for B, beryllium ion has only 2 electrons so no; for D, argon
has 18 electrons)

Paper 2
1. (a) 50 = 20 + 6 + 3X
X = 24
X=8
(b) 16
2. (a)(i) T
(a)(ii) Q and S
(b)(i) Ca2+, F-
(b)(ii) 1- One correct Ca2+ ions drawn 1- Two correct F- ion drawn

3. Answer
(a) A E
(b) C D
(c) B

4. Answer
(a) 146
143
(b) Isotopes are atoms of the same element having the same number of protons but
different number of neutrons. Both Uranium atoms have the same number of protons,
92, but differ in the number of neutrons, 146 and 143.

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5. Answer
(a) Answer
statement √ or ×
(i) Atoms E and F have the same nucleon number √
(ii) Atoms H and I are the same element √
(iii) G is located in the first period of the Periodic Table. ×
(iv) Only atom F is a non-metal. ×

(b) G is lithium

6. Answer
(a) Answer
particle number of
protons neutrons electrons
a sulfur atom &#
!% S 16 18 16
a sulfur ion &'
!% S
'( 16 16 18

(b) Answer

7. Answer
(a) A (argon is a noble gas = monoatomic)
(a) D (CO2)

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 (b) E
(c) C

8. Answer
symbol of particle number of number of electron
protons neutrons arrangement
'&
!! Na 11 12 2. 8. 1

!) (
) F 9 10 2.8

9. Answer
(b) A (Solid = orderly arranged)
(c) E (randomly arranged but relatively near)
(d) D
(e) C (diatomic = exist as 2 atoms chemically combined)

10. Answer
No of No of No of Electron
Particle
protons neutrons electrons configuration
Magnesium
12 12 12 2, 8, 2
atom

Fluorine atom 9 10 9 2, 7

Oxide ion 8 8 10 2, 8

Nitride ion 7 7 10 2, 8

11. Answer
(a) Answer
(i) CH4 and C6H12O6

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 (ii) P4 or O3
(iii) Ar
(iv) Al3+ or Mg2+
(b) Answer
Particles Protons Electrons Neutrons
Ca2+ 20 18 20

P3– 15 18 16

12. Answer
(a) Both have 13 protons but '* '%
!&𝐴𝑙 has one more neutron than !&𝐴𝑙 .

(b) Aluminium atom loses 3 electrons to form aluminium ions and oxygen gains 2 electrons
to form oxide ions. Electrons transferred from aluminium to oxide to form ionic
compound.

13. (a) D (diatomic molecule)

(b) A (noble gas = single atom)

14. Answer
(a) Answer
Element Atomic number Number of Nucleon number Electron
neutrons configuration
W 6 6 12 2, 4
X 9 9 18 2, 7
Y 19 20 39 2, 8, 8, 1
Z 18 21 39 2, 8, 8
(b) Answer
(i) Z (full valence shell)
(ii) W (smallest mass of 12)

15. Answer

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 (a) Answer
Atom P Q R S T U
Atomic number 1 3 7 9 13 18

mass number 1 7 15 19 27 40

No of electrons 1 3 7 9 13 18

No of neutrons 0 4 8 10 14 22

(b) Answer
(i) U
(ii) T and Q
(iii)S
(iv) P
(c) Electrons

(d) Answer

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 Atomic Structure – Test Answer
Paper 1
1. A (AlNO3 – Aluminium nitrate ; NH4NO3 - Ammonium nitrate has 4 elements; KO -
Potassium oxide has 2 elements; sodium chloride has 2 elements)
2. B
3. B (Neutron has no charge)
4. D (Compounds have different properties from its constituents)
5. B (Nucleus is charged as protons are positively charged while neutrons are neutral)
6. B (Number of electrons of an atom is based the number of protons; They have different
number of electrons with Y having more electrons; X has more neutrons as they have
the same nucleon number but X has fewer protons)
7. B (Mixture = no chemical reaction, no fixed composition, same properties as
constituents; Compound = chemical reaction, fixed composition and different
properties as constituents)
8. A (Same number proton and electrons; different number of neutrons)
9. B (P has a charge of 2+ and Q has a charge of 3- so P lost 2 and Q gained 3 electrons)
10. B (P = 3 and Nucleon = 7 but use the periodic table to identify the correct order)

Paper 2
1. Answer (Find the Electronic configuration)
Particle (not
Number of Number of Electronic Number of
chemical
protons electrons configuration neutrons
symbols)
F 3 2 2 4

G 5 5 2.3 6

H 8 8 2.6 8

I 8 8 2.6 9

J 9 10 2.8 10

K 10 10 2.8 20

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 (a) G
(b) K (check the proton number to ensure that selected particle is an atom)
(c) J (more electrons than protons)
(d) H and I (same number of protons)
(e) F (more protons than electrons)
2. Answer
(a) Isotopes 1, 2 and 3 each have 16 protons.
Isotopes 1, 2, and 3 have 13, 14 and 15 neutrons respectively.
They are isotopes of the same element since they are atoms with the same number
of protons but different number of neutrons.
(b) The three isotopes each have 6 electrons on the outer shell, thus they have the
same chemical formula.
(c) X: Sulfur
Y: Oxygen
Z: Zinc

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