TITLE: SCHOOL ON AIR (TELEVISION) Science

TOPIC: Atomic Structure of an Atom

GRADE LEVEL: Grade 8
Quarter: THREE
FORMAT: SCHOOL-ON-THE-AIR (TELEVISION-BASED INSTRUCTION)
LENGTH:
TEACHER DEMONSTRATOR: ARIEL B. COGAY
SCRIPT WRITER:
EDITOR:
OBJECTIVE: Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a particular atom.

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MS ARIEL, HEDDA OC: Good day grade 8 learners! Welcome to another exciting and fun-filled
learning experience here in our virtual science classroom! I’m teacher Yel, and I am teacher Hedda. Are
you now ready to learn? Please grab with you, your pens and notebooks as we’re going to start our
discussion. Let’s get started!
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MS ARIEL OC: Can you still remember our last topic? (PAUSE 5 SECS)
Correct! We discuss about matter. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Chair, Table,
Paper, Notebook, these are examples of matter. (SHOW PICS)
How about an element? Can you identify these element symbols?
(SHOW PIC) Correct! It’s Helium
(SHOW PIC) Excellent! It’s Hydrogen
(SHOW PIC) Good job! It’s Argon
(SHOW PIC) Awesome! It’s Neon

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MS ARIEL OC: Today we will discuss about the atomic structure. You are going to determine the
number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a particular atom.
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MS ARIEL OC: What is an atom? Do you have any idea of what an atom is?
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MS ARIEL OC: Correct! An atom is known as the smallest particle of an element and matter. It is
usually a single neutral particle.
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HEEDA VO: An atom has a proton, neutron, and electron that are held together by nuclear bonds to
maintain the electro --static attraction between electrons and nucleus.
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HEEDA VO: Most element in the periodic table exist as an atom. On the other hand, when atoms are
combined, a molecule is formed.
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MS ARIEL OC: What is Molecule? Correct! A molecule is made up of two different or two identical
atom that are chemically combined.
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HEDDA VO: An example of molecule is oxygen. Two atoms of oxygen are oxygen gas. It is the oxygen
that we breath. It becomes ozone molecules when three oxygen atoms are combined.
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ARIEL VO: How about when an atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen are combined? what
molecule is formed? (PAUSE 5 SECS)
HEDDA VO: Excellent! It will form H2O or the water that we drink.
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MS ARIEL OC: Now let’s proceed to the parts of an atom.
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HEDDA VO: Nucleus! Every atom has a core called nucleus. The nucleus is the largest part of an atom
about 99.9% of its mass. Within the nucleus are very small particles called protons and neutrons.
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HEDDA VO: Protons! These are positively charge particles found inside the nucleus of an atom. Every
element has a unique atomic number. this number is the number of protons inside the element’s nucleus.
For example, Lithium has an atomic number of 3. How many protons does it have? Yes, you are right, it
has 3 protons.
HEDDA VO: Electrons! These are negatively charged particles; electrons are very small. Only about 1
over 2000 the mass of proton and neutron. Electrons can move between atoms which causes bonds. This
is how compounds are formed.
HEDDA VO: Neutron! Another particle found inside the nucleus of an atom is neutron. It has no charge.
Atoms of the same element may not carry the same number of neutrons.
MS ARIEL OC: Protons & neutrons contribute to the mass of an atom. They are called nucleons,
because they are found inside the nucleus.
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HEDDA VO: Table shows some properties of the three subatomic particles.
Electron has a negative charge, located outside the nucleus.
Proton has a positive charge, located inside the nucleus.
Neutron! No charge, located inside the nucleus.
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MS ARIEL OC: Now let’s determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom.
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HEDDA VO: Elements are given letter symbol, including the atomic number and the mass number. The
mass number or the capital letter A is written on the upper portion beside the symbol X while the atomic
number capital or capital letter Z is written below the mass number. The letter X is the element symbol. X
is the atomic symbol of element. A is the mass number and Z is the atomic number.
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MS ARIEL OC: The number of protons in an atom is called the atomic number of an element.
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MS ARIEL OC: A neutral atom holds an equal number of protons and electrons.
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MS ARIEL OC: The atomic number also indicates the number of electrons in an atom.
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HEDDA VO: Meanwhile, the mass number is the sum or the total number of protons and neutrons in an
atom. To illustrate further, see the symbol of identifying the fluorine atom with an atomic number of 9.
Fluorine has (P+ = 9) 9 protons since the number of protons are the same as the number of electrons are
equal to the atomic number.
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HEDDA VO: How to compute the number of neutrons? To compute the number of neutrons, subtract the
mass number to the atomic number, that is, 19-9 therefore, the neutron is 10.
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HEDDA VO: Always remember that for a neutral atom, atomic number is equal to the number of
electrons as electron is equal to number of protons.
Mass number is equals to number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
Number of neutrons is equals to mass number minus atomic number.
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HEDDA VO: Let’s have another example; element sodium (Na) the atomic number is 11. With an atomic
number of 11, protons are also 11 since the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. And
number of electrons is equal to the atomic number. How about the number of neutrons? Correct! To
compute for the number of neutrons, subtract the mass number from the atomic number. That is, 23-11,
therefore sodium (Na) has 12 neutrons.
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MS ARIEL OC: Remember!!
The atom is the smallest particle of an element and matter.
A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms that are chemically combined.
The subatomic particles are the negatively charged electron (e-), positively charged proton (p+) and the
neutral or uncharged neutron (n0).
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MS ARIEL OC: Now, let us test what you have learned so far.
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HEDDA VO: Please complete the table.
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HEDDA VO: Here are the answers.
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