MULTIPLE INTEGRALS AND WALLI'S FORMULA

Objectives:
At the end of the chapter, the students are expected to:
1. Evaluate multiple integrals;
2. Use iterated integrals to integrate a function with more than one variable;
3. Evaluate integrals using Wallis’ formula.

Introduction

In multiple integrals, we extend the concept of a definite integral of a single variable to double
and triple integrals of functions of two and three variables, respectively.
The multiple integral is a type of definite integral extended to functions of more than one real
variable such as 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)or 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧).
Multiple integral, integral of a function of more than one variable .Just as the definite integral of
a positive function of one variable represents the area of the region between the graph of the function and
the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠, the double integral of a positive function of two variables represents the volume of the region
between the surface defined by the function (on the three dimensional Cartesian plane where𝑧 =
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) and the plane which contains its domain, or simply the double integral of a function of two
variables calculated over a region results in a volume.
Like the single integral, such constructions are useful in calculating the net change in a function
that results from changes in its input values.

MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

A. DOUBLE INTEGRALS
Double integrals are:

- integrals of a function of two variables over a region in 𝑅 2 (the real-number plane).

- is mainly used to find the surface area of a 2d figure,
 Properties of Double Integrals

Evaluation of Double Integrals

To Evaluate a double integral , note the following:

1. During the 𝑥 (inner) integration, the 𝑦 (other variable of integration) is held
constant.
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2. The inner limits of integration 𝑥1 and 𝑥2 must be independent of 𝑥(the inner
variable of integration)
3. The outer limits of integration 𝑎 and 𝑏must be independent of both variables of
integration 𝑥 and𝑦.

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 TRIPLE INTEGRALS

Integrals of a function of three variables over a region in𝑅 3 (real-number 3D space)/ over a three
dimensional region are called triple integrals

The notation for triple integral is:

By integrating over the box, , the triple integral is:

▪ The volume of the three-dimensional region E is given by the integral


V = 

dV

E

NOTE:
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 • There are 6 different possible orders to do the integral in and which order you do the integral in
will depend upon the function and the order that you feel will be the easiest.
• We will get the same answer regardless of the order however.

Illustrative Example:

1.

Solution:

2.

Solution:

3.

Solution:
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 4.

Solution:
We have the following limits:
x y z

.
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 EXERCISE 2
Name Date

Class Degree program & Year Score

Schedule level

Solve the following: PARA SA LAHAT

Compute each of the following double integrals over the indicated rectangles.

1. 
sin 3
 3 
Evaluate the integral to f  f (r ,  )r drd = 0  rdrd to find the area of
 0 0
R
the region enclosed by one leaf of the rose r = sin 3

2. Evaluate the double integral to find the volume of the solid bounded by the surface
1 2 1 2
f (x , y ) = 4 − x − y ,the planes x =3 and y = 2 and the three coordinate
9 16
plane.

3. Set up the triple integral and evaluate over the region R.


 8 xyzdV R = 2 ,3 1 ,2 0 ,1

R
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 5.1. Wallis’ Formula

The Wallis formula is named after an English mathematician John Wallis (1616-1703).
Formulas that determine the values of the definite integrals from 0 to π/2 of the functions sin n (x), cos n
(x), and cos m (x) sin n (x) for positive integers m and n. Also known as Wallis theorem.

ALTERNATE
CASE 1: If at least one of them is ODD


(m − 1) !! (n − 1) !! 
2

▪  sinn xcos m xdx = •

 (m + n) !! 2
0

CASE 2: If both are EVEN



(m − 1) !! (n − 1) !!
2

 sinn xcos m xdx =

 (m + n) !!
0

9 ! = 9 • 8 • 7 • 6 • 5 • 4 • 3 • 2 • 1 = 362 , 880
9 !! = 9 ( 9 − 2 ) ( ( 9 − 2 ) − 2 ) (((9 − 2) − 2) − 2)
▪ = 9 ( 9 − 2 )( 7 − 2 )( 5 − 2 )( 3 − 2 )
= 9• 7 • 5• 3•1
= 945
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 EXERCISE 6
Name Date

Class Degree program & Year Score

Schedule level

Evaluate the following:PARA SA LAHAT

1.

2.

3.

4.

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