ESPIRITU (1)

MOGADO (2)

CAPELLAN (3)

ANATOMY OF NOSE

NOSE

(1) Before we start, let us know first what is nose and its functions.

Nose is the body's primary organ of smell and also functions as part of the body's respiratory system.

 It allows air to enter our body

 Filters and cleans air to remove particles and allergens
 Provides our sense of smell
 And warms our moistens air so it can move comfortably into our respiratory system

(2) The lower two-thirds of the external nose consists of flexible cartilage, and upper one-third is
rigid bone. Posteriorly, the internal nose merges with the pharynx, which is divided into the
nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

So what is pharynx? The Pharynx, usually called the throat, is part of the respiratory system and
digestive system. It carries air, food and fluid down from the nose and mouth.

Pharynx is divided into three parts, the first part is the Nasopharynx, nasopharynx is a muscular, box-
shaped passageway behind the nose, just above the roof of the mouth. Nasopharynx allows air to pass
from the nose into the windpipe and eventually into the lungs.

(3) The next one is the Oropharynx, oropharynx is the middle part of the throat connects to the oral
cavity (mouth). It allows air, food and fluid to pass through. Laryngopharynx (or hypopharynx):
The bottom part of the throat is near the larynx (or voice box). It regulates the passage of air to
the lungs and food and fluid to the esophagus.

Lastly, the Laryngopharynx, also called as hypopharynx is the bottom part of the throat is near the
larynx (or voice box). It regulates the passage of air to the lungs and food and fluid to the esophagus.

(1) Nose Structure

Bone: It supports the bridge of the nose.

Cartilage: The upper cartilage provides support to the sides of the nose. The lower cartilage adds width
and height to the nose. It provides shape to the nostrils and nose tip.

Nasal Cavity: It is the hollow space through which the air flows.
 (2) Septum: The septum divides the inside of the nose into two chambers. It is a thin wall made of
bones and cartilage.

Mucus Membrane: The mucus membrane lines the nose, sinuses and throat. It moistens and warms the
air we breathe in. It also forms a sticky mucus that prevents dust and other small particles into the nose.

(3) Turbinates: Each side of the nose contains curved turbinates, and the bony ridges are lined with
mucus membrane.

Sinuses: The bone around the nose contains hollow, air-filled chambers known as sinuses. The mucus
flows into the nasal cavity from the sinuses.

SINUSES

(1) What is sinus? The sinuses are small, air-filled cavities behind the cheekbones and forehead.
The mucus produced by the sinuses usually drains into the nose through small channels. In
sinusitis, these channels become blocked because the sinus linings are inflamed (swollen).
 The ethmoidal sinuses are located between your eyes.
 The maxillary sinuses are located below your eyes.
 The sphenoidal sinuses are located behind your eyes.
 The frontal sinuses are located above your eyes.

The biggest sinus cavity is the maxillary cavity, and it is one of the cavities that most often becomes
infected.

(2) There are different types of sinusitis:

Acute bacterial sinusitis: This term refers to a sudden onset of cold symptoms such as runny nose, stuffy
nose, and facial pain that does not go away after 10 days, or symptoms that seem to improve but then
return and are worse than the initial symptoms (termed “double sickening”). It responds well to
antibiotics and decongestants.

Chronic sinusitis: This term refers to a condition defined by nasal congestion, drainage, facial
pain/pressure, and decreased sense of smell for at least 12 weeks.

Subacute sinusitis: This term is used when the symptoms last four to twelve weeks.

Recurrent acute sinusitis: This term is used when the symptoms come back four or more times in one
year and last less than two weeks each time.

Who gets sinusitis?

A sinus infection can happen to anyone. However, people with nasal allergies, nasal polyps, asthma and
abnormal nose structures are all more likely to get sinusitis. Smoking can also increase how often you
get a sinus infection.
 (3) What causes sinusitis?

Sinusitis can be caused by a virus, bacteria, or fungus that swells and blocks the sinuses. A few specific
causes include:

 The common cold.

 Nasal and seasonal allergies, including allergies to mold.
 Polyps (growths).
 A deviated septum. The septum is the line of cartilage that divides your nose. A deviated septum
means that it isn’t straight, so that it is closer to the nasal passage on one side of your nose,
causing a blockage.
 A weak immune system from illness or medications.