DELHI PRIVATE SCHOOL, DUBAI

GRADE 5 SCIENCE UT4 REFERENCE NOTES

1. Define force. Give two examples.
A pull or push acting on an object is called as force. Example :
Pulling a cart, opening a door.
2. Name the different types of forces .
The different types of forces are:
1. Gravitational force
2. Magnetic Force
3. Electrostatic Force
4. Friction
3. What is a simple machine? List the types of simple machines.
A simple machine uses a single applied force (effort) to overcome a single force
(load). A machine with few or no moving parts. Simple machines make work easier.
Examples: Screw, Wheel and Axle, Wedge, Pulley, Inclined Plane, Lever, wedge.
4. What is a lever?
A lever is a rigid rod arranged in such a manner that it can rotate freely around a
fixed point. It consists of 3 parts. Fulcrum, load and effort.
5. List four effects of force on objects.
a. A force can make a stationary object move or make a moving object move
faster.
b. A force can make a moving object slow down or stop.
c. A force can change the direction in which an object is moving.
d. A force can change the shape of an object.
6. What is (a) Gravity and (b) Magnetism?
a. The force that attracts objects towards the centre of the earth is called Gravity.
b. The push or pull applied by a magnet on other magnets and metals such as iron
and nickel is called as magnetism.
7. What is friction? Movement across what kind of surfaces produces
less friction?
Friction is the force exerted by a surface on an object that moves across it or makes
an effort to move across it. Movement across smooth surfaces such as ice and glass
produces less friction.
8. List any two advantages and two disadvantages of friction.
Two advantages of friction are:
i) When we walk, we actually push backwards on the ground with our feet.
Friction between our feet and the ground stops us from slipping backwards. Thus,
smooth polished floors are slippery as movement across these surfaces produces
less friction. That is why we often slip on icy ground or wet floor.
ii) The friction between the tyres of vehicles and the road makes them roll forward.
Thus, friction makes movement of vehicles possible.

Two disadvantages of friction are:

I) Friction makes it hard to slide heavy objects across the floor.
II) Friction generates heat. You can check it out by rubbing your palms together
for some time. Heat produced due to friction cause damage to machine parts such
as car brakes.
9. What are the two things needed to get work done?
Work is done when a force that is applied to an object moves that object. Energy is
needed to do work.

10. Classify the following as examples of Potential Energy or Kinetic Energy:

A stretched rubber band, A snowball at the top of a hill, A wound-up toy, A

firework,
A skydiver jumping out of a plane, Walking, Running, Cycling, Digging,
Drawing ,coal, petrol, a parked car

Potential Energy Kinetic Energy

A stretched rubber band A firework

A snowball at the top of a hill A skydiver jumping out of a plane

A wound-up toy Walking, Cycling

 coal, petrol Running, Digging, Drawing

a parked car

11. What is an inclined plane? Give an example of its use.

An inclined plane is a sloping surface. It is easier to push or roll an object up an inclined
plane than to lift it directly. A sloping plank is often used while loading barrels into a
truck.
12. What is a pulley? Give an example of its use.
A pulley is a simple machine that has a grooved wheel on which a rope can move. Pulleys
make lifting objects easier. Pulling down uses your body weight and so requires less
physical force. A pulley allows a load to move upwards even though the force is
downwards. The groove on the wheel reduces the amount of friction a rope encounters.
A flag pole is an example of this.
With a pulley attached to the top of the flagpole, the flag can be raised to the top by
someone standing at the base.

13. Prove that a screw is a modification of the inclined plane.

Screw
Take a triangular paper and tape it to the pencil, with the coloured edge facing up as
shown in the diagram. Rotate the pencil to wrap the paper tightly around the pencil.
Tape the end of the wrapped paper to itself. Count the number of diagonal stripes made by
the coloured edge of the triangle that is wrapped around the pencil.
A screw is an inclined plane (a sloping or slanting surface) that is wrapped around a centre
pole to form threads. The thread in the
screw corresponds to the sloping surface.
14.List the three types of lever and draw one example of each. Mark
the fulcrum, load and effort in each case.
15. Classify the following types of forces into contact and action at a distance force:
1. The force exerted by the sun and planets on each other. Action at a distance
force
2.An electron moving towards proton. Action at a distance force
3.Rolling ball coming to rest. Contact force
4.Apple falling from the tree. Action at a distance force
5. Formation of tides. Action at a distance force
6.A boy throwing a ball to his friend. Contact force
7.Iron fillings moving towards a magnet. Action at a distance force
8. An aircraft landing in the airport. Contact force

16. Wedge is a modification of the inclined plane.

A wedge is a simple machine that has one or two slanted sides that come together
in a point or sharp edge. Therefore, all wedges have one pointy or sharp side and
one wider, blunter side.
The shape of the pointy side is good for pushing through things, breaking things
apart or fitting in a tight space. Examples of wedges include axes, door stops,
chisels and incisor teeth.

11. Name the vaccinations given for

i.) polio - OPV ii) Tuberculosis B.C.G iii) Diptheria, tetanus, pertussis- DTP
IV) Measels, mumps, rubella – MMR

12. Complete the following flow chart:

1. dead 2. Weakened 3. Antibodies 4. Vaccine
5.Immunity 6. Vaccination/immunization

13. Diseases are broadly grouped into communicable and non- communicable
diseases. In the list given below, identify the infectious diseases
i. Cancer ii. Influenza iii. Allergy iv. Small pox
a. i and ii b. ii and iii c. iii and iv d. ii and iv

14. Observe the picture carefully and answer the questions from a-c
a.Who is the primary host of malarial parasite?
a. man b. rat c. anopheles d. none of the above
b.In the above picture who is a vector?
a. man b. rat c. anopheles d. none of the above
c.The organism which causes diseases in plants and animals are called
a. pathogens b. vector c. insects d. worms
 15. Rocha’s teacher had given her an assignment to match the diseases with
its microbe. Help him choose the right one

Diseases Microbes
a .Polio 1. bacteria
b. Cholera 2. protozoa
c. Ring worm 3. fungi
d. Amoebic dysentery 4.virus

a. a:4, b:1,c:3,d:2 b. a:1,b:2,c:3,d:4

b. a:3,b:1,c:2,d:4 d. a:4, b:2,c:4,d:1
27 .Write the similarities and differences between a bacteria and a virus using a
Venn diagram.
Differences

Bacteria
They have different shapes like
spherical, oval, spiral etc.
They are one celled
They can cause diseases but some of
them are also useful like the bacteria
that help to decompose dead matter.
Similarities
o They are both microorganism and are found everywhere.
o They both can cause diseases.
Virus
These are the smallest type of microbe.
They are very simple and do not really
have cells.
They need to be in the cells of other
living things to reproduce, this is why
they cause diseases.

28. Why are female Anopheles mosquito carriers or vectors of malaria?

The female Anopheles mosquitoes carry the disease-causing parasite called 'Plasmodium' which
causes malaria. The female mosquito needs a blood diet to produce eggs. Therefore, these
mosquitoes pick up the parasites from an infected individual when they bite them to obtain blood
proteins. The male mosquitoes do not spread malaria as they don't need these proteins.
29. What are germs? Give two examples.
The microbes that cause diseases are called germs .e.g. Bacteria, viruses, etc.
30. What is an allergy? How does an allergy affect a person?
Allergy is an unfavorable reaction of the body to otherwise harmless agents.
A. Some people have allergy to dust or pollen present in the air.
B. Some others are allergic to certain eatables like groundnut and eggs.
C. Some are allergic to cosmetics.

30. List some ways to show that microbes are useful. Some
ways to show that microbes are useful are:

1. Some bacteria convert milk to yoghurt.

2. Some microbes like yeast change sugar into alcohol.
3. Yeast helps in making cakes and bread fluffy.
4. Some bacteria help in the decay of dead plants and animals. This helps in
cleaning up the surroundings.
5. Some bacteria help to produce vitamins in humans.
6. Some bacteria help animals to digest food.

31. Which diseases are caused by having infected food and water?
Contaminated food and water may spread diseases like typhoid, cholera, food
poisoning.

S.No Microorganisms Disease caused

 1 Bacteria Dysentery, typhoid ,tuberculosis, urinary tract infections,
pneumonia

2 Fungi Ringworm (infection of the skin),athletes foot , lung

inflammation(if spores are inhaled )

3 Virus Common cold, influenza, chicken pox, meningitis,

AIDS, hepatitis A and B
4 Protozoa malaria, African sleeping sickness. Amoebic dysentery

32. Why are the cabins of jet aero planes filled with air and all doors and windows are
sealed before takeoff?
Higher in the atmosphere where jet aircrafts fly, the pressure is very low and it is difficult
for us to breathe. For this reason all high flying aircrafts have pressurized cabins, in which
the pressure of the air is kept the same as that near the ground.

33. Mountaineers who climb high mountains, carry air in cylinders with them. Why?
Sufficient air for breathing is present only upto15km above the earth. This lower layer
of the atmosphere is called the troposphere. Even in troposphere air gets very thin
higher up and breathing becomes difficult. Hence mountaineers who climb high
mountains carry air cylinders with them.
34. List the properties of Air.
1. Air occupies space.
2. Air exerts pressure.
3. Air has weight.
4. Air is needed for burning.
35 .How is the atmosphere useful to us?
1. The atmosphere sustains life on earth by providing oxygen for breathing. It also
provides carbon dioxide to plants for making food.
2. The ozone layer in the atmosphere absorbs the harmful ultra-violet rays of the
sun and prevents them from reaching us.
3. The atmosphere absorbs the excessive heat of the sun so that the earth does not
get overheated during the day. It retains the heat at night so that the earth does not
freeze.
4. The atmosphere helps in recycling water through the water cycle.

36. Draw and label diagram to show the composition of air.

36. Draw and label layers of atmosphere with objects found in each layer.

37. Classify the following into types of lever.

Catapult 1st class lever
Wheel barrow 2nd class lever
Crowbar 2nd class lever
Scissors 1st class lever
Tweezers 3rdclass lever
Nut cracker 2nd class lever
Stapler 3rd class lever
Broom 3rd class lever
Plier- 1st class lever
Bottle opener 2nd class lever
 38. Differentiate between Single fixed pulley and Movable pulley

Fixed pulley Movable Pulley

It is fixed to a rigid support It is not fixed to a rigid support
It changes the direction of the force It is a force multiplier
 39. Deficiency disease

Deficiency Disease symptoms Preventive foods.

Vitamin A Night Poor vision, loss of vision Carrots, Pumpkins, Squash,

blindness in darkness, sometimes Kale, Liver, Mango, Papaya,
complete loss of vision Salmon, Green leafy
vegetables
Vitamin B1 Beri beri Weak muscles and very Whole-grain foods
less energy to work Meat/fish/poultry/eggs.
Milk and milk products.
Legumes Orange and tomato.
Vitamin C Scurvy Bleeding gums. Vitamin C-rich foods such
as lemons, oranges,
papaya, and strawberries.

Vitamin D Rickets Bow shaped legs, Pigeon Eggs, fish oils, margarine,
chest some fortified milks , soymilk
products fortified with
vitamin D

Calcium Bone and Weak bones and tooth High calcium foods include
tooth decay decay dark leafy greens, fish
canned with their bones.

Iodine Goiter Glands in the neck are Iodine rich food like prawns,
swollen sea weed and iodized salt

Iron Anemia Weakness, fatigue Lentils, Spinach, Fortified

cereals, Red meat

Protein Kwashiorkor Growth stops, face swells , Protein rich food like
Hairs gets discoloured, milk, meat, egg, pulses.
Protein and Marasmus Growth stops , energy less Cereals , pulses, milk
carbohydrat ,egg, meat.
es
Difference between Kwashiorkar and Marasmus

a) Kwashiorkor is one type of disease related to protein energy malnutrition. It affects mainly
children under five years of age who do not get protein in their regular diet.
Symptoms: Child exhibits stunted growth, anaemia, swollen legs, discolouration of hair etc.
Treatment: Children affected should be given milk, eggs and other protein rich food.

b) Marasmus is also a disease related to protein energy malnutrition. It affects mostly infants who
feed on mother's milk who receive less proteins in their diet.
Symptoms: Lean muscles, weak bones, rough skin, weak legs, mental retardation etc.
Treatment: Protein rich diet should be consumed by mothers who feed their children with breast
milk
40.Differentiate conventional and nonconventional energy

Conventional Nonconventional
They are exhaustible and come from They are inexhaustible.
the non renewable sources of energy
They are generally pollution free.
They cause pollution when used, as
they emit smoke and ash and cause
global warming.
41. Identify the microbe

Bacteria Protozoa Virus

42.Why do wheels on skates have no groove?

Wheels on skates do not have grooves because on a prepared surface, such as a
skating rink, they actually increase friction and reduce rolling speed.

43 .How can we remove an iron screw without touching it ?

We can move an iron screw with touching it with the help of magnetic force
because a magnet attracts iron. So, when the magnet is moved, the screw follows
the magnet as it is attracted by the magnet.
44.Screw is better than a nail to bind objects made of wood .Explain
A screw is an inclined plane that is wrapped spirally around a cylinder. It is used to
hold things together. Due to the spiral grooves, the screw moves into the wood
easily.
45.Explain the wheel and axle arrangement .Support your answer with examples.
Wheel-and-axle consists of a large wheel which is connected to a small cylindrical
rod called axle. These two are at the center so that they move together. There may
 be two wheel joined to the axle at opposite ends. When the axle is turned, the
wheel also moves.
46. Peter wants to fill a water bottle .He tilted the empty bottle and dipped it in a bucket of
water .He saw bubbles started coming out from the mouth of the bottle.
.Explain.
The empty bottle contains air. Air is lighter than water so water will force the air
out of the bottle with some force, allowing it to escape to the surface and hence
bubbles can be seen.
47. What should the diet of a school going child include?
School going children need a lot of energy to perform various activities so their
nutritional requirement is high. Their diet should include:
• Carbohydrates: wheat, rice, maize and other grains
• Dairy products: milk, curd and cheese
• Roughage: all seasonal fruits and vegetables
• Fat: nuts, oil and butter
48. Define vaccination.
The act of introducing a vaccine into the body to produce protection from a specific
disease.
Vaccination is an effective way of preventing communicable diseases.
There are different vaccines for diseases which kill the germs of that particular
disease.
50. What are the different means by which infectious diseases are spread?
Ans: Infectious diseases can spread by the following means:
a. Through contaminated food and water
b. Through atmosphere
c. Through vectors or carriers (housefly, mosquito etc)
d. Through direct skin contact.
e. Through cuts or wounds
 51. Why are antibiotics not effective for viral disease?
Ans: Viruses are different from bacteria. They do not have cell walls which can be attacked by
antibiotics. Thus, antibiotics are ineffective against viral disease. Antibiotics tend to break the
bacterial cell wall and block the bacterial pathways. Thus, they are effective on bacterial
infections.

52. List the advantages of biogas

The biggest advantage of biogas is that unlike natural gas, it will never run out!
• Biomass can also be used to produce fuel for cars and other vehicles. Plant
material is put into large heated tanks called digesters. Inside the tanks, chemicals are
added which change the plant material into an alcohol called ethanol.
• In Brazil many cars run on ethanol made from sugar cane plants.
In U.S.A. ethanol produced from corn is added to petrol to reduce pollution.

53. What the world would be like if we ran out of fossil fuels?
Fossil fuels are considered non-renewable resources and consist of coal, oil, and natural
gas. They release carbon dioxide, a potent greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere when
burned. Greenhouse gases trap heat from the sun in the Earth's atmosphere, causing
temperatures to rise. So if we burn all of the fossil fuels on Earth, almost all of the
glaciers will melt, potentially causing sea levels to rise and drown most major cities
thus causing a disturbance to the ecosystem.
54. Write the energy conversion
55.What are the applications of atmospheric pressure?
Applications of atmospheric pressure:
1. Syringe: When the piston is pulled up, the atmospheric pressure inside the
cylinder will decrease. The atmospheric pressure outside pushes the liquid up into
the syringe.
2. Straw: When a person sucks through the straw, the pressure in the straw
becomes low.The atmospheric pressure outside which is higher will force the water
into the straw and consequently into the mouth.
3. Vacuum cleaner: When a vacuum cleaner is switched on, it sucks out the air
inside the cleaner, causing the pressure inside the cleaner to become low. The
atmospheric pressure which is higher in magnitude forces the air and dust particles
into the cleaner.
56.Atmospheric pressure decreases as we go higher up above the earth's
surface. Justify the statement.
Most of the atmosphere's molecules are held close to the earth's surface by the
force of gravity, hence the air pressure decreases rapidly at first, then more slowly
at higher levels.
57.Draw and label the method that can be used to separate soluble substance
from water .
58.
 59. Describe the phases of the moon from the following image

As the moon rotates, its dayside and night side also changes. There are eight phases, and the elliptical
shape of the moon's orbit is the reason for the changes occurring. Based on the position of the sun,
moon, and earth, the moon has different phases. They are:

 New moon:

During this phase, the moon stays invisible as the bright side of the moon faces away from the
earth.

 Waxing crescent:

After the new moon, people can observe a tiny part of the moon from the earth known as the
waxing crescent.

Most of the illuminated part of the moon faces away from the earth during this time. The moon
gradually starts rising more and more after this.

 First-quarter:

The first quarter moon has half of its illuminated side visible from the earth. During this time, the
moon rises at noon, and it stays in the sky till midnight.

 Waxing gibbous:

Most of the moon's bright side comes to the view leaving only a tiny part dark.
 Full moon:

Full moon is bright and can be seen when the lit-up part of the moon entirely faces the earth. The
full moon stays in the sky from sunset to sunrise.

 Waning gibbous:

After a full moon, the bright side of the moon gradually starts to decrease. This time, the opposite
part of the moon is reflecting the light, hence is illuminated.

 Last Quarter:

The moon in the final quarter is half-illuminated and half dark. During this, the moon rises at
midnight and stays in the sky till noon.

 Waning Crescent:

Most of the illuminated side of the moon faces the sun during this time. Hence a dimly lit slice of
the moon is only visible.