11/12

Contemporary Philippine
Arts from the Regions
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
The Principles of Design and the Various Art
Forms Found in the Philippines

SELF-LEARNING MODULE

DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY

Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions– Grade 11/12
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 2: The Principles of Design and the Various Art Forms Found in the
Philippines
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
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The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Monib E. Anggi

Editors:
Reviewer: Eden Ruth D. Tejada
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Management Team: Romelito G. Flores, CESO V – Schools Division Superintendent Mario
M. Bermudez, CESO VI – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent Juliet F.
Lastimosa, CID Chief
Sally A. Palomo, EPS - LRMS
Gregorio O. Ruales, EPS – ADM Coordinator
Luzviminda R. Loreno, EPS – EsP/SHS Coordinator

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – General Santos City

Office Address: Tiongson St., Lagao, General Santos City

Telefax: (083) 552-8909
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 11/12
Contemporary
Philippine Arts
from the
Regions
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
The Principles of Design and the Various
Art Forms Found in the Philippines
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions-Grade 11/12 Self-
Learning Module (SLM) on The Principles of Design and the Various Art Forms
Found in the Philippines!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the learner:

Welcome to the Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions-Grade 11/12 Self-
Learning Module (SLM) on The Principles of Design and the Various Art Forms
Found in the Philippines.

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will giveWhat

you an idea of
I Need to the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the
Know
module.
This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you
What get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
I Know
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s
In this portion, In lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a
the new
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation.
This section What’s
providesNew
a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises What is It for independent practice to solidify your understanding and
activities
skills of the topic.
What’sYou may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at
More
the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what
you learned from the lesson.
What I Have
This section provides Learned
an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations
What I Can or concerns.
Do
This is a taskAssessment
which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends
Additional retention of learned concepts.
Activities
This contains answers to all activities in the module.

Answer Key
At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
The Principles of Design and the Various Art Forms Found in the Philippines. The scope
of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can
be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

You are expected to discuss various art forms found in the Philippines.
CAR11/12IAC-0b-2

This module consist of only one lesson, namely:

 Lesson 1 – The Principles of Design and the Various Art Forms Found in the
Philippines
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. identify principles of design;
2. give specific examples of various art forms found in the Philippines; and
3. show appreciation to various art forms found in the Philippines through creating
sample artwork employing the principle of design.
 What I Know

As you go on with this module you will be able to discuss various art forms found in
the Philippines. But before that, let us assess your prior knowledge by answering this
test. By doing so, follow the direction below.

Direction: Select the best answer from the given choices. Encircle the letter of the
correct answer.

1. This form of art is one of the oldest and most widespread of the decorative arts,
consisting of objects made of clay and hardened with heat.
a. painting c. pottery
b. sculpturing d. weaving
2. It is a visual art related to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with
a broad-tipped instrument, brush, or other writing instrument.
a. calligraphy c. hand painting
b. architecture d. drawing
3. This form of art is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of
yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth.
a. painting c. pottery
b. sculpturing d. weaving
4. Refers to the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music and
within a given space, for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion,
releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the movement itself.
a. dance c. painting
b. hand drawing d. weaving
5. It is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid
surface.
a. writing c. painting
b. hand drawing d. weaving
6. This is the national dance of the Philippines.
a. Singkil c. Salisid
b. Tinikling d. Lumagen
7. Identify what dance is shown in the picture below:

a. Singkil c. Salisid
b. Tinikling d. Lumagen
8. The picture below is an example of what form of art in the Philippines?

a. pottery c. sculpture
b. wood carving d. painting
9. This principle of design refers to the wholeness of the design, the pleasing
arrangement of parts, and the agreement between parts of a composition,
resulting in a united whole.
a. proportion c. rhythm
b. variety d. harmony
10. It is the regular, repeated pattern in the elements of art. It is a flow, or feeling of
movement, achieved by the distribution of visual units in time.
a. proportion c. rhythm
b. variety d. harmony
11. Elements in a work of art should have a relationship with one another.
a. proportion c. rhythm
b. variety d. harmony
12. Pertains to the even distribution of weight. It is the principle that deals with
equality.
a. balance c. rhythm
b. movement d. proportion
13. All of the following are examples of wood carving, EXCEPT:
a. Naga c. Singkil
b. Sarimanok d. Pako Rabong
14. Below is mythical serpent or dragon with vigorous S-curve, it is an example of
what form of art?

a. pottery c. sculpture
b. wood carving d. painting
15. It pertains to the assortment or diversity of a work of art.
a. proportion c. rhythm
b. variety d. harmony
 Lesson The Principles of Design and the

2 Various Art Forms Found in the

Philippines
It is interesting to note that arts in the country are active and available to
everyone. Individual artist, cultural groups, and art communities thrive in
the regions. At the same time, traditional arts continue to keep Philippine
culture alive. Among these are the intricate weaving, the elaborate
brassware, and the functional pottery in the different parts of the country.
They have been kept, cherished, and handed down to modern Filipinos as
part of heritage.

This part of the module will introduce you to the principles of design and the
various art forms found in your region and in the Philippines as a whole.

What’s In

Can you recall your previous lesson, specifically when you were tasked to research
about the dream weavers? Answer the following questions below. Start!

1. What is the usual output of the dream weavers?

2. What is the tribe of the so called dream weavers?

3. Why are they called a dream weavers? Explain your answer.

Now, before going into this week’s lesson, do this activity first!

Below are jumbled letters, re-arrange it into a proper word. Clue is given to
help you re-arrange it. All words/phrases are related to the topic this week.

1. TPOPRNOORI - relation of parts -

2. HTMYHR - beat or tempo -
3. MOHRYAN - structure of music -
4. ECNALAB - physical equilibrium -
5. TEVENMMO - change of place -
 What’s New

How ready are you with our new lesson? Condition your mind and keep
focus. But before going further, let us have an activity called Balance Me.
Brace yourself and let’s start!

Activity 1: Balance Me!

Direction: Analyze the picture carefully and answer the following guide questions
given.

Guide questions:

1. Write your own caption for the photograph?

2. What question does this photograph raise? Why do you say so?

3. How important is balance in life amidst this pandemic, the CoViD-19?

 What is It

Because contemporary art has moved away from classical styles, it is

sometimes hard to critic a contemporary work of art. Therefore, this section
will lead you to find out the different design principles and the various art
forms found in the Philippines. Let’s discover!

Principles of Design

Design is the overall structure of an art form. It is a plan for order. It is the means by
which artist indicate and demonstrate the ideas and feelings they wish to convey.

Here are some principles of design found in the arts

1. Harmony
 This refers to the
wholeness of the design,
the pleasing
arrangement of parts,
and the agreement
between parts of a
composition, resulting
in a united whole.

2. Variety
 It pertains to the
assortment or diversity
of a work of art.

3. Rhythm
 It is the regular, repeated
pattern in the elements
of art. It is a flow, or
feeling of movement,
achieved by the
distribution of visual
units in time.
 4. Proportion
 Elements in a work of art
should have a relationship
with one another. This
relationship is called
proportion.

5. Balance
 Pertains to the even
distribution of weight. It is the
principle that deals with
equality.

6. Movement
 This is a fundamental principle in
choreography and the theatre arts.

Various Art Forms Found in the Philippines

Pre-Colonial Art

Through migration and trade during Pre-Colonial Period, there was a lively
cultural interchange between the Philippines and other Asian countries. This
helped Philippines to develop their own way of living, their own culture such
as pottery, weaving, wood carving, jewelry, etc. That they could use for their
everyday living.

I. Paintings
 Introduced by Spaniards during 16th century. They use paintings as
religious propaganda. Painting refers to the process of applying color
on a flat surface. Forms can be created using a wide variety of
materials such as watercolor, acrylic, ink, oil, pastel, and charcoal.
Surfaces for painting include wood, canvas, cardboard, and paper.
Painting is considered two-dimensional, meaning it only has height
and width.
 Forms of Painting:

3. Easel Painting

The easel painting is perhaps the most common

form of painting which involves applying color to a
board or canvas that is fixed on an upright support
called an easel. These are meant to be
framed and hanged on a wall after creating them.

4. Murals

A mural is described as a huge wall-sized painting

used to impart messages to the public. A new form
of. Mural which is a portable mural, was
developed in order to prevent the mural from
being erased from the wall which was created by
using bold strokes in applying bright colors on
pieces of cheesecloth or canvas.

5. Telon Painting

A telon is describes as a backdrop or background

for the stage which are used for komedya,
sarswela, and sinakulo, the popular forms of
theater in the country.

4. Jeepney and Calesa Painting

The calesa is typically painted using one color. The

borders of the calesa are decorated with geometric
patterns, repetitive patterns, and/or thin lines.

Jeepney painting evolved from calesa painting. In a

typical jeepney, a logo, number, or painting is
covered near the driver’s seat, as well as near the
seats adjacent to it.

5. Collage

This refers to a form of painting that involves

combine images in a single artwork. This entails
cutting and pasting materials such as paper,
fabric, tin foil and other relatively flat materials
onto a board or canvas.

II. Dance
 Refers to the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to
music and within a given space, for the purpose of expressing an
idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the
movement itself.
Types of Filipino Dance

a. Banga
 Illustrates the grace and
strength of women in the
Kalinga tribe of Cordillera
Autonomous Region (CAR).
Women performing the
Banga balance heavy pots
on their heads while
dancing to beat of win d
Banga Dance-Kalinga Apayao (CAR)
chimes.

b. Lumagen or Tachok
 It is performed to
celebrate happy occasions.
When Lumagen is
performed, it is meant to
symbolize flying birds and
is musically- paired to the
Lumangen Dance-Kalinga Apayao (CAR)
beat of gongs.

c. Salisid
 It is the dance to show
courtship. In the Salisid
dance, a male and a female
performer represent a
rooster attempting to
attract a hen. Salisid Dance-Kalinga Apayao (CAR)

d. Malakas at Maganda
 It is a national folklore dance. It
tells the story of the origin of the
Filipino people on the islands.

Malakas at Maganda Dance

e. Binaylan
 The Binaylan dance, tells the
story of a hen, the hen's baby,
and a hawk. In this dance, the
hawk is said to control a tribe's
well-being, and is killed by
hunters after attempting to harm
the hen's baby.
The Binaylan Dance-Agusan
(CARAGA Region)
 f. Tinikling
 Take two long bamboo sticks
rapidly and in rhythm, clap sticks
for dancers to artistically and
daringly try to avoid getting their
feet caught between them.

Tinikling Dance-Leyte (Region 8) Philippine National Dance

g. Singkil
 In this dance, there are four
bamboo sticks arranged in a tic-
tac-toe pattern in which the
dancers exploit every position of
these clashing sticks. It is
identifiable with the use of
umbrellas and silk clothing.
Singkil Dance-Lanao
h. Pangalay del Sur (BARMM)
 It is a traditional Tausug dance,
from Jolo and Tawi-Tawi,
characterized by elaborate body
postures and gestures and the
graceful arm and hand movement
of the dancer, amplified by the
use of janggay or metal claws.
The dance is performed to the
music of the kulintangan,
gandang, agong and gabang.
Commonly referred to as the Panagalay Dance-
Sulu/Tawi-Tawi (BARMM)
fingernail dance, Pangalay is
usually performed during
weddings and other festive
celebrations.

III. Weaving
 Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct
sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a
fabric or cloth. Other methods are knitting, crocheting, felting, and
braiding or plaiting. The longitudinal threads are called the warp
and the lateral threads are the weft, woof, or filling. (Weft is an old
English word meaning "that which is woven"; compare leave and
left.) The method in which these threads are inter-woven
affects the characteristics of the cloth.

Weaving Method
1. Textile Weaving

This refers to the process of creating

cloth by interweaving a series of
parallel vertical threads with another
series of horizontal threads at right
Textile weaving-South Cotabato
angles. (Region XII)
 2. Mat Weaving

This refers to the art of “plaiting strips

of organic fibers into mats”. These
mats, locally known as banig, are cool,
light, and portable compared to fixed
beds.

Mat Weaving (Banig) (Region XII)

3. Basketry

This refers to the art of creating

containers by weaving, plaiting, or
braiding materials into hollow three-
dimensional shapes that can either be
used for carrying, storage and trapping
animals. The Basketry

4. Kalakat Weaving

The process used on the oil palm

fronds into finished product is thru
pruning the green stalk, then splitting
and cleaning the fronds, drying,
weaving and cutting or trimming the Kalakat Weaving
(Region XII)
edges.

Kalakat sheets are primarily used as a

cheap but durable construction
material. It is a preferred material for
housing and resort cottages because
of its cool and insulator characteristic.
It is environment friendly as it utilizes
basically an agricultural waste
material.

Kalakat is famous in Mindanao that is

useful in many ways like ceiling and
walling in a traditional house of the House with Kalakat
Indigenous Peoples (IPs). Nowadays, it Materials
is used not only by the IPs but the (Region XII)

common residents as well.

IV. Sculpturing
 From the transitional carving of anitos to the santos to Christ and down to
the saints, Filipinos find it rather not difficult as they are already familiar
with the ways of the wood.
 It is a branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is one
of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving and
modelling; in stones, metals, ceramics, woods and other materials but,
since Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials
and process. In contrast to painting, sculpture has three dimensions –
height, width, and depth. It is created by either carving, modelling, or
assembling parts together.
General Kinds of Sculpture

1. Free-standing

This is a kind of sculpture that can

independently stand in space. It has a flat
horizontal base. All its sides contribute to
the overall form of the sculpture.

2. Relief

This kind of sculpture does not have a flat

horizontal base. The form is projected from a
flat surface. There are two types of relief – low
relief or bas-relief which is slightly from the
flat surface; and high relief. Cagayan de Oro’s
Legendary River Monster is an example of
relief sculpture.

3. Assemblage

This sculpture is formed by putting together

materials such as found objects, pieces of
paper, sponges, wood scraps, and other
materials. A good example of this is Lamberto
Hechanova’s Man and Woman.

4. Kinetic Sculpture

This is considered as a sculpture in motion

because the entire sculpture or some parts of
the sculpture are moving with the wind or are
vibrating with the surrounding air.

5. Welded Sculptures

Creating these sculptures involve the process

of. connecting sheets of metal together by
using an acetylene or electric torch.

6. Use of Glass

A kind of sculpture where the medium of

expression used by the artist is glass.

7. Symbolic Sculpture

It is a kind of sculpture in which an abstract idea is represented by means

of allegory and personification.
 Forms of Sculpture

Wood Carving
 In Southern Philippines, the Maranao and Tausug of Mindanao are
known for their okir, ornate curvilinear designs and motifs applied
to wood carving. The principal okir designs are the sarimanok, the
naga, and the pako rabong.

Sarimanok
 It is the legendary bird or “artificial
cock” that has become an ubiquitous
symbol of Maranao art. It is depicted
as a fowl with wings and feathered
tail, holding a fish on its beak or
talons. The head is profusely
decorated with scroll, leaf and spiral The Sarimanok
motifs. (Region XII)

Naga
 It has form of an elaborate mythical
serpent or dragon with vigorous S-
curve.

Naga

Pako Rabong
 It is a stylized growing fern with a broad
base gracefully tapering upwards.

Pako Rabong
(BARMM)

V. Pottery
 Is one of the oldest and most widespread of the decorative arts,
consisting of objects made of clay and hardened with heat. The
objects made are commonly useful ones, such as vessels for holding
liquids or plates or bowls from which food can be served.
 Pottery is a general term for decorative and useful objects made from
clay and set off at high temperatures. This is frequently interchanged
with “ceramics”. However, it is important to note that application of
ceramics is wider and even includes industrial use.
 Types of Pottery
1. Earthenware or Terracotta
This type of pottery is made from clay and is usually fired at 1,700-
2,100 ᵒF.
2. Stoneware
This type of pottery is made from clay and feldspar.
3. Porcelain
This type of pottery is made from kaolin, a special type of clay that is
extra fine, white and feldspar.
In the Philippines, there are some famous pottery in various regions:

1. Manunggul Jar

The Manunggul Jar is a secondary burial

jar excavated from a Neolithic burial site
in the Manunggul cave of the Tabon Caves
at Lipuun Point in Palawan. It dates from
890–710 B.C.[2] and the two prominent
figures at the top handle of its cover
represent the journey of the soul to the
afterlife.

Manunggul Jar displayed at Philippine National Museum of Anthropology

The Manunggul Jar

The Manunggul Jar is widely acknowledged to be one of the finest

Philippine pre-colonial artworks ever produced and is considered a
masterpiece of Philippine ceramics. It is listed as a national treasure and
designated as item 64-MO-74[3] by the National Museum of the
Philippines. It is now housed at the National Museum of Anthropology and
is one of the most popular exhibits there. It is made from clay with some
sand soil.

2. Burnay Jar

Burnay jars are commonly used for The potter

storage of water or grains, as well as carefully molds
for fermenting of Vigan’s local Basi the clay

wine and bagoong (fermented fish). It

is said that burnay jars are much
harder than the typical terracotta
pots used in gardening.

Established in 1922, its origin goes

way back to the pre-colonial era
when Chinese immigrants learned
about the abundant source of clay in
the lands of Vigan, and settled to
start the industry of pagbuburnay or
jar making.
The finished burnay jars are ready
for the air-drying process
 The materials for burnay jars only consists of clay, water, and sand. Its
process starts with kneading of clay to warm it up and remove sharp
objects that may ruin the clay.
Once it is ready to be molded on the wheel and kiln, it will be tempered
with sand to prevent the clay from sticking to the surface of the table. The
jar will be air dried for three long weeks to harden, after which, it will be
put in a furnace to cook for one day and one night at 1,370 or 1,500
degrees centigrade.

3. Maitum Anthropomorphic Burial Jar

The Maitum anthropomorphic burial jars

are earthenware secondary burial vessels
discovered in 1991 by the National
Museum of the Philippines'
archaeological team in Ayub Cave,
Barangay Pinol, Maitum, Sarangani
Province, Mindanao, Philippines. The jars
are anthropomorphic; characterized by a
design that suggests human figures with
complete or partial facial features of the
first inhabitants of Mindanao.
Furthermore, they give emphasis to the Maitum anthropomorphic burial jar
Filipinos’ popular belief of life after death.

According to Dr. Eusebio Dizon, head of the archaeological team, this type
of burial jars are "remarkably unique and intriguing" because they have
not been found elsewhere in Southeast Asia. Thus, many archaeologists
from Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Laos, Cambodia, Burma and Indonesia
gained interest on this initial find and a number of archaeological – either
government or privately sponsored – excavations have been conducted
to recover these artifacts.

VI. Islamic Art

Islamic art is characterized by designs of flowers, plant forms and
geometric designs. It is used in calligraphy, architecture, painting,
clothing and other forms of fine arts. In the 13 th century, traders and
missionaries have introduced the religion of Islam in the Philippines.
Islamic art meshed with ethnic culture and produced a Filipino Muslim
Art that reflects the ethnic background and Islamic identity of the
people.

Calligraphy
 It is a visual art related to writing.
It is the design and execution of
lettering with a broad-tipped
instrument, brush, or other
writing instrument.
The Islamic Calligraphy

Philippine Muslim homes represents their identity, therefore Islamic art

is seen in their houses. These houses usually contains framed calligraphy
of Qur’an passages in its walls. These ornaments usually are made from
Muslim dominated countries like Malaysia, Egypt and Saudi Arabia
brought home by overseas Filipino workers as mementos of their
pilgrims.
VII. Architecture
 Architecture is considered to be one of the most functional branches of the
visual arts. We can freely see architecture in our surroundings because
architecture involves designing the form of a building while allowing the
building to serve its function. It is considered to be the “art to inhabit.”
 Throughout Philippines history, both foreign and Filipino architects
introduce innovations when it comes to creating buildings and large
structures. Even though the design of buildings and homes are still
Western-inspired, architects started to appreciate Filipino social traditions
and cultural values. In fact, local materials were used by architects like
Francisco Mañ osa, a Filipino architect considered as one of the most
influential Filipino architects of the 20th century, in designing homes and
buildings. In addition to that, they sought ways to express these traditions
and values in architecture.

Forms of Contemporary

Architecture: Domestic Buildings

and Houses

1. Apartment

This refers to a building composed of many

residences called units. This is usually built in
populated urban areas. Nowadays, in order to
maximize the use of space and because of the
increased buying power of the population,
condominiums were developed. These
condominiums are larger offshoots of
apartments.
The Apartment
2. Bahay na Bato

The bahay na bato is considered to be a residence

of. the wealthy. A typical two-storey bahay na
bato generally has a ground floor that is made of
brick or stone, and has a wooden upper level. The
windows and the level have grilles, while the
windows at the upper level have sliding shutters.
The roof of a typical bahay na bato slants on four
sides. Bahay na Bato

3. Barong-barong

The barong-barong are houses of the landless

poor that are built on any land or area. These are
usually found near the esteros, riverbanks, and
bayshores; spaces along high walls, railroad
tracks; spaces near abandoned buildings, and
garbage dumps; or any vacant lot. Some of these
barong-barong are built under bridges.
Barong-barong
 4. Bungalow

This refers to one-story house with a wide front

porch and large windows. It may also have a
terrace, which may be roofed or not.

Bungalow House
Ethnic Houses

1. Bahay Kubo

The bahay kubo is considered as an ethnic house of

Christian peasant families living in the lowland
areas. Thisis typically owned by families belonging
in low income groups.
The Bahay Kubo
2. Houseboat

The houseboat is basically a boat that also serves as

dwelling. The Badjaos or Sama Laut typically reside
in houseboats.

3. Tsalet

The Philippine tsalet refers to a suburban house that

The Houseboat
has one story, a two-story house with living quarters
on the upper level, or an elevated one-story house. The
term tsalet came from the term “chalet” which refers
to a peasant house in Switzerland that has upper
levels jutting over the lower levels, a steep roof and a
decorated gable.

The Tsalet
 What’s More

Having read the discussions on the preceding page, let us have another activity to
enrich your learning. Proceed!

Activity 2:

Direction: Analyze the picture below. Fill in the table on the right column as to how
principles of design are being used in one of the forms of art, the weaving. Explain
your thoughts briefly.

Principles of Design How it is used in the form of art presented

Harmony

Variety

Rhythm

Proportion

Balance

Movement

21
 What I Have Learned

How are you by then? Have you completed the prior activities? Let us have some
more. This time, apply your critical thinking and wide imagination in doing this
activity. Are you ready? Start!

Activity 3: What Am I?

Study the paintings of Antivas Delotavo shown below.

Itak sa Puso ni Mang Juan by Antipas Delotavo.1978. Watercolor on

paper. Photo courtesy https://curiator.com/art/antipas-
delotavo/itak-sa-puso-ni-mang-juan-dagger-in-old-juans-heart

Then answer the following guidelines.

1. Form and style

a. What do you see in the painting?

b. Describe the picture in the painting. How is he portrayed?

c. Describe the background.

d. How will you describe the painting to someone who has not
seen it?

22
2. Content

a. What is the theme of the painting?

b. Who is being represented?

c. What does the painting reminds you of?

d. What is the message of the artist?

e. How is the painting related to our society?

3. Elements and Principles

a. How are the elements of art used in the painting?

b. What principles of design are more dominant in the painting?

4. Context
a. In what type of society has the work been produced?

b. Is the message relevant in the present times?

c. Does the title contribute to the message of the painting?

In what way?

23
 What I Can Do

In the very beginning of this module you’ve read the concept of the principles of
design in detail. Now let us see how you understand about it by answering this
activity below. Do it now!

Activity 4: Draw Me!

Style: Realism
Subject: Guitar

What You Need?

 2 sheets of bond paper (short)
 Pencil
 Ballpen

A guitar is a fine piece of art. A master craftsman has turned pieces of wood into a
beautifully designed musical instrument. Other materials like strings, frets and
knobs are carefully attached to it. Every piece is put in place perfectly to produce
music.

What to do

Draw a guitar on the space provided.

24
Examine the parts of the guitar and try to see them as elements of art. Then, answer
the following questions.

1. Using the principles of design that we have discussed, analyze the guitar
that you’ve drawn. How is the guitar displayed in terms of:

a. Harmony?

b. Variety?

c. Rhythm?

d. Proportion?

e. Balance?

f. Movement?

25
 Assessment

Congratulations, you made it! You will further be tested on the concepts that you
have learned on this module. Are you ready?
Modified True or False

Direction: Read the statement carefully. In the blank provided, write true if the
statement is correct and if the statement is false, change the underlined word that
makes it false and write the correct answer on the blank provided before each
number.

1. Weaving is a form of art is a method of textile production in

which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at
right angles to form a fabric or cloth.

2. Rhythm is a principle of design that refers to the wholeness of

the design, the pleasing arrangement of parts, and the
agreement between parts of a composition, resulting in a united
whole.

3. Sculpturing is a form of art and one of the oldest and most

widespread of the decorative arts, consisting of objects made of
clay and hardened with heat.

4. Calligraphy is a visual art related to writing. It is the design and

execution of lettering with a broad-tipped instrument, brush, or
other writing instrument.

5. Dance refers to the movement of the body in a rhythmic way,

usually to music and within a given space, for the purpose of
expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply
taking delight in the movement itself.

6. Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other

medium to a solid surface.

7. Singkil is the national dance of the Philippines.

8. It is the regular, repeated pattern in the elements of art. It is a

flow, or feeling of movement, achieved by the distribution of visual
units in time and this refers to harmony.

9. Proportion is an elements in a work of art that should have a

relationship with one another.

10. Balance pertains to the even distribution of weight. It is the

principle that deals with equality.

11. Variety is a principle of designs that pertains to the assortment

or diversity of a work of art.

26
12. The picture below is a dance called Tinikling.

13. Naga is the legendary bird or “artificial cock” that has become an
ubiquitous symbol of Maranao art.
14. The picture below is an example of sculpture form of art.

15. In Tinikling dance, there are four bamboo sticks arranged in a tic-tac-
toe pattern in which the dancers exploit every position of these
clashing sticks. It is identifiable with the use of umbrellas and silk
clothing.

27
 Additional Activities

If you are from General Santos City, the art work below might be familiar to you. Isn’t
it exciting to embrace our very own? Let me test your familiarity with the picture
below by answering this activity. Start!

Direction: Answer the following questions below on the space provided.

Format:

1. Name of Art Work:

2. Location (be specific, including Barangay):

3. Name of Artist:

4. What makes this artwork contemporary?

5. How does this artwork reflect the people of General Santos City?

28
Answer Key

29
References

Book Sources:
Angelita Benavides-Perez, Philippine Contemporary Arts Expressions and
Expirementations, 5c Brilliant Creations Publishing, Inc. 2016

Online Sources:

http://makilala.gov.ph/restoring-human-dignity-by-enhancing-farm-
productivity/
http://www.artnet.com/artists/vicente-silva-manansala/barong-barong-
tpaSy0ugUPJUMa1o4jOYKw2
https://curiator.com/art/antipas-delotavo/itak-sa-puso-ni-mang-juan-
dagger-in-old-juans-heart
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulul#/media/File:Ifugao_sculpture_Louvr
e_70-1999-4-1.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitum_anthropomorphic_pottery
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manunggul_Jar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_ceramics#/media/File:Manungg
ul_Jar.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seesaw#/media/File:Seesaw-aa.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving
https://explora.ph/attraction/672/lang-dulay-tnalak-weaving-center
https://fieldchronicles.wordpress.com/2009/04/22/maranao-torogan-
an-ethnographic-perspective/
https://in.pinterest.com/pin/522206519264135587/
https://interiordesignsoft.blogspot.com/2017/10/house-design-
bungalow-type-philippines.html
https://lbpcnwebmaster.wixsite.com/lbpcn/single-
post/2017/04/16/BINAYLAN-BANOG
https://primer.com.ph/travel/2019/01/29/vigan-travel-ruby-jar-factory-
vigans-90-year-old-craft-of-earthen-jars/
https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/tinikling-the-
national-dance-of-the-philippines-with-bamboo-poles/
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Pots_2.JPG
https://wooarts.com/fine-art/philippines/
https://www.123rf.com/photo_41984255_public-traditional-thai-style-
wood-carving-serpent-two-naga-in-the-temple-thailand.html
https://www.alamy.com/yangzhou-jiangsu-china-interior-of-mosque-in-
the-graveyard-of-puhaddin-a-13th-century-arab-muslim-missionary-
image215825275.html
https://www.britannica.com/art/dance
https://www.ebay.com/itm/Islamic-wood-carved-Art-arabic-Quran-
Calligraphy-/122087388658
https://www.facebook.com/CebuDreamShow/photos/pcb.177446840277
5139/1774464406108872/
https://www.facebook.com/harlem.ferolino/posts/10206728531929591
https://www.facebook.com/harlem.ferolino/posts/10206728531929591
https://www.flickr.com/photos/25802865@N08/7659129816
https://www.flickr.com/photos/eazy360/9495476898
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/projects/using-
plants-for-woven-baskets.htm https://www.google.com/search?
q=malakas+at+maganda+dance&sxsrf=A
LeKk03NsLbicTabo3K_psBWWIvnVRm08w:1596465343809&source=lnms
&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb2drtoP_qAhVBxIsBHXDlCqkQ_AUoAXo
ECAkQAw&biw=1281&bih=630#imgrc=jbqb9J-BLTql9M
https://www.google.com/search?q=singkil&sxsrf=ALeKk029Jb7Ba0uF6sh
xxM8bPVV-
yzAzvw:1596464820170&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=F4rLVBFEk_5f
ZM%252Cl5s_rahCU2JSFM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-
kSGqF7neCIlgeqIs_SsyR99XGG4Bw&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjdp4L0nv_qAh
WGv5QKHUplCGEQ_h0wF3oECA0QBQ&biw=1281&bih=630#imgrc=imRZ
ZA5Uy-EXtM
https://www.inc.com/jim-schleckser/seven-secrets-of-successful-people-
to-living-a-balanced-life.html
https://www.invisionapp.com/design-defined/principles-of-design/
https://www.jmlisondra.com/index.php?/artworks/photo/IwEXeR1BkS3
FJpO0
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/proof/2014/10/29/w
e-are-what-we-eat-diving-for-dinner-with-the-sea-gypsies/
https://www.pinterest.ph/cindylyons/philippine-art/
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/267401296603957393/
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/404338872766725857/
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/727401777303027870/
https://www.pngkit.com/view/u2w7q8u2w7w7w7i1_report-abuse-
movement-principle-of-design-example/
https://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Asia/Philippines/NCR/Manila/Makat
i_City/photo138027.htm
https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vectors/circuit-puzzle-vectors
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yrCuvwTN5A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlMmg62FGM4
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%27nalak#/media/File:T'nalak_weaver_at
_Lake_Sebu,_South_Cotabato.jpg
https://explora.ph/attraction/1636/up-campus-oblation
 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd – Division of General
Santos City with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the
new normal. Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential
Learning Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used
by all learners in General Santos City in all public schools beginning SY
2020- 2021. The process of LR development was observed in the production
of this module. This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback,
comments, and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – General Santos City Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)
Tiongson St., Lagao, General Santos City Telefax No.: (083) 552-8909
Email Address: