Research Paper

DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY
BACOLOR, PAMPANGA
A PROPOSED AGRI-TOURISM RESORT

COMPLEX FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
BARRERA, KRISTINA MAE

CARLOS, JUSTINE MONICA P.
CUNANAN, DIANNE L.
LOZANO, KRISTINE ANN H.
TIQUI, PATRICIAMARIE M.
VENERACION, ALONDRA JANE S.
B.S. ARCHITECTURE 4-E
AR. OLIVER M. CHAVEZ, UAP

ADVISER
A PROPOSED AGRI-TOURISM RESORT COMPLEX
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
1.1. INTRODUCTION
Tourism is now widely acknowledged as a key driver of growth in the

Philippines and across the world (OECD, 2020). By maximizing their tourist potential,
a number of nations have completely changed their economy. Large-scale
employment and extra sources of income for both skilled and unskilled workers may
be produced by tourism with tremendous efficiency (Bhattarai, 2012). Traditional
tourism has evolved in recent years. Some new tourist sectors have emerged, such as
“Agri-tourism”. Agri-tourism is a cutting-edge agricultural practice involving both
tourism and agriculture.The Philippines has been gaining popularity in agritourism
over the past few years, and all the work of local businesses is now being
acknowledged as the nation is now one of the top tourist destinations in the globe.
Rose H. Libongco of the Hotel Sales and Marketing Association International stated
that the Philippines is among the top farm tourism locations in the world given the
country's rich natural resources, biodiversity, rich farming heritage, and natural
hospitality during the Global Farm Tourism Summit, which was co-hosted by the
Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study & Research in Agriculture
(SEARCA). Because there are so many organic farms, farms that value the
environment, and farms that promote health and well-being in these places, the
agricultural sector in these well-known farm tourism locales flourish (SEARCA,
2019).
Pampanga is a place abundant in natural resources, magnificent waterfalls,

eminent scenery, developed agricultural land, and delectable delicacies. One of the
twenty-two municipalities that make up the province of Pampanga is Lubao. It is
situated in the province's western region.Lubao is recognized as the Cradle of
Kapampangan Civilization, as evidenced by old traditions. Its northern, eastern,
western, and southern borders are formed by the municipalities of Guagua, Sasmuan,
Floridablanca, and Orani, Bataan. Its location is ideal and important for both
agriculture and trade as situated among greenfields and affluent estuaries.
Lubao is endowed with numerous distinctive features, including lush

agricultural lands abounding with plentiful forest mangroves that teem with a variety
of aquatic sanctuaries; large brackish fishponds that grow prawns and milkfish; rich
swamplands that house bird and inland pond sanctuaries; and crisscrossing estuaries
and streams that nestle estuarine flora and wildlife (Municipality of Lubao, 2020). It
is a clear choice for making use of its land for the economic growth of Internal
tourism (local) and International tourism (national). However, the current trend of
tourism is charming the following places such as Clark, Angeles, San Fernando and
Porac while Lubao serves as a highway road just leading straight to Bataan.
If there is a point to upgrade Lubao’s economy, it must be via the creation of

tourist attractions that would support its unique cultural identity and the marketing of
its agricultural resources (Uy, 2016). The municipality of Lubao will benefit greatly
from the establishment of an agritourism project since it has been repeatedly shown to
be successful to create a destination that both local and international tourists alike can
go to. The number of places to go for accommodation and leisure that is available in
Lubao is not as numerous as compared to other neighboring places. Although Lubao
has a means of sufficient space, not all have enough proper facilities (Uy, 2016). As
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there are far fewer resorts than hotels and lodges, resort tourism is not as developed in
Lubao. While resort facilities can offer a variety of services and amenities, they are
unable to create a resort that meets all of the expectations, despite some limited efforts
made thus far.
1.1.1. BACKGROUND
History of Lubao and its Agricultural Economy
Earlier, Lubao was referred to as "Baba" in the native tongue of the

Kapampangan people, which means "beneath." The town, which is located in the
lowest portion of Pampanga Province, is prone to flooding during the rainy season.
Small rivers and confined streams pass through it. The Spanish friars, who traveled to
and from Manila on the balangay (now called the "banca"), gave these waterways the
name "los estrechos." Because of its low height, the town was given the nickname
"Baba" when it was founded in 1572, short for "Balen Mababa." The phrase originally
meant "Lo Bajo" in Spanish, and as a result, when used by residents, it eventually
became "Lubao." (Municipality of Lubao, 2020).
Agriculture and Economy
A. Production of rice
-The Agriculture of the province of Pampanga's largest rice-producing town is
Lubao. The municipalities of Candaba and Floridablanca come in second and third
place in the province of Pampanga in terms of rice crop production. 50,409.60 metric
tons of rice were produced in Lubao in 1999.
B. Various Crops
-An estimated 1,038.5 hectares are planted with various crops, which
produced 641.3 metric tons and comprise mongo, peanuts, root crops, fruits, and
vegetables. A 20 acre area is covered by fruit plants, including mangoes. Mango
production in 2002 a weight of a thousand metric tons. Two (2) hectares of calamansi
were produced, yielding 637 metric tons.
C. Sampaguita and Camia.

-These plants have been planted on the front and rear yards of numerous
homes in an estimated 103.5 hectares. The flowers are either processed into perfumes
or strung into garlands.
D. Fishery
-In Lubao, there are two main categories of fishing: brackish fishing and
inland fishing. About 3,543.16 hectares are encircled by fishing as a whole. Typically,
brackish fishponds are used to produce milkfish (bangus), prawns (sugpu), and crabs
(ema) , also big tilapia. Tilapia, mudfish, and catfish are raised in inland fishponds.
E. Animals and Poultry

-In Lubao, there aren't many businesses that grow poultry and livestock for
profit. Due to the readily accessible feed ingredients obtained from the farmers'
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agricultural output, backyard poultry and pigs are prevalent in practically all
barangays.
Development Needs
To sustain the high farm productivity of the Municipality of Lubao, it is

essential that agricultural programs be continuously implemented and improved.
Encourage the establishment of agricultural-related industries in support to the
vision of agricultural development in the municipality (Municipality of Lubao,
Pampanga, 2014).
Benefits of Agri-Tourism
Agritourism has grown in popularity in the Philippines in recent years, since it

has helped small farms reduce economic issues and increase earnings. As a result, it is
intended to be sustained and extended through the growth of agritourism (Flanigan,
Blackstock, & Hunter, 2015). It is a vital notion that is difficult to sustain, but there
are a number of ways to work with all of it, including science, economics, sociology,
and politics, to provide agritourism farmers a more promising and healthier future.
Agri-tourism provides economic benefits to agritourism producers and is
financially essential for owners and farmers alike.
Human power is necessary to continue to grow agritourism's appeal and

development. It affects the perception of agritourism and stimulates a well-sold
service. Service to individuals would include significant commitment from family and
employees (Etingoff, 2016).
Agritourism, as the fastest growing and most profitable kind of leisure, has
drawn people who want to return to their roots. They want to see the sites, learn new
things, have unique experiences, and receive fresh, welcoming service. All of these
are things that properly run agritourism farms can provide (Roman, 2015).
The list below shows the possible benefit of application of agritourism based
form the study made by Manalo, Amboy, Gamil, et.al.(2019):
1. Agri-tourism can help develop the local economy or society.

2. Agri-tourism is generating additional income for farmers and landowners.
3. Agri-tourism provides quality local productions and products.
4. Agri-tourism is revitalizing local economies.
5. Agri-tourism is providing job opportunities for locals.
6. Expansion of on-farm employment opportunities for family members.
7. Connection to food production and agrarian culture.
8. Economic development and diversity/taxes.
9. Revenue enhancement and diversification.
10. Improvement of the living of agritourism business.
11. Increased demand production of the local agricultural products.
12. Promotion of local agricultural products of the farm.
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1.1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Being one of the oldest settlements in the Province of Pampanga underpins its
tourism potential. The lack of recognition for the municipality of lubao’s unique
cultural identity and agricultural resources and its potential for the economic
development of internal tourism (local) and international tourism (national).
The number of places to stay and enjoy leisure activities in Lubao is limited
when compared to neighboring cities. Having sufficient space, not all have adequate
facilities, especially for tourists. Lubao's resort tourism is underdeveloped because
there are far fewer resorts than hotels and lodges. Despite the limited efforts made
thus far, resort facilities are unable to build a tourist attraction that fulfills all of the
expectations, even though they can provide a variety of services and amenities.
1.1.3. ARCHITECTURAL THESIS GOALS/ OBJECTIVES/

STRATEGIES
ARCHITECTURAL THESIS GOALS
The study aims to innovate a sustainable resort complex that caters to the local
community of Lubao, travelers, tourists, and foreigners, which generates the
promotion of Lubao’s unique cultural identity and agricultural resources to increase
the municipality’s economic growth by applying "Connected Architecture," a design
principle linked deeply to the people, their roots, and the environment. This design
approach shall be incorporated into the overall design and planning of the complex to
be able to fully advocate Lubao’s potential.
OBJECTIVES
1. Design a complex that will produce business opportunities to increase Lubao’s

economic development.
2. To boost the Agri-Tourism of the Municipality.
3. Establish facilities for local products and agricultural produce.
4. To provide the community with a variety of leisure spaces that will fascinate
the local and foreign tourists.
5. Include facilities and services that will serve the occupants and earn more
revenue that will help the complex function better.
6. To establish connection and a culture-sensitive design for the project.
STRATEGIES
1. The complex will be providing job opportunities for locals and shall have
provisions for business stalls.
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2. Establish a facility, such as a mini-museum or interactive attractions that

would attract and increase the knowledge of visitors regarding Lubao’s
agricultural activities, traditions and culture.
3. Showcase Lubao’s local crafts and products by providing a stall/shop in the
complex.
4. Provide leisure spaces and activities that will attract visitors such as: parks,
pools, recreational areas, and other attractions that will also preserve and make
use of the natural landscape of the site.
5. Improve tourism of Lubao by adding hotels,inns, or villas that will serve the
visitors.
6. Link the complex clusters through proper planning of walkways, bike lanes,
driveways and zoning classifications to connect potential establishments.
1.1.4. SCOPE AND LIMITATION
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study is focused on the proposed design of an agritourism resort complex

in Lubao, Pampanga. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze and discuss the concept
of agritourism, in relation to its scope, limitation and its relationship with tourism
development.
The scope of this thesis includes:
- Analysis of the concept of agritourism

- Exploration on its scope
- Demographics and physical data of Lubao;
- Its status of tourism and livelihood.
- Identification of limitations in implementing an agritourism complex
- Discussion on its relationship with tourism development
- The culture, traditions, and history of Lubao
LIMITATION
The proponents are only for the project regarding the proposal for Agri-
tourism Resort Complex project. Prior to this study is not liable for further
development and actual construction of the project, as well as for other provisions
which no longer involve in Architectural Services such as Mechanical, Plumbing /
Sanitary, Electrical, Electronics & Communication Services & other services which
involves the project but not limited to proposal and layout in design.
● The design will be only conceptual plans to deal with the design problems.
● Due to lack of time, it will not cover the detailed working drawings of the
project, electrical drawings, and plumbing detail.
● Due to not having enough Related Literature regarding Lubao and its economy
some data related to the research study may be lacking.
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1.1.5. PURPOSE/ RELEVANCE/ SIGNIFICANCE OF THE

THESIS
Lubao is the oldest of all Kapampangan towns. Thus, it is called the Cradle of
the Kapampangan Civilization. It is indeed rich in history and culture. Its tourism
potential is currently centered on these. The purpose of this study is to bring into
focus another one of its strengths which is Agriculture.
Ranking first in terms of rice production in Pampanga, and as Lubao’s
municipal income was sourced out mostly from agricultural businesses and Agri-
industries in the municipality, there is a need to enrich this potential through a design
approach that mirrors cultural identity and responds to man’s needs at the same time.
The purpose of the study is to be an instrument to promote Agri-tourism as a
drive for sustainable development of the local community and a key factor in
sustaining progressive local economy. Through architecture, the study intends to
broaden the understanding of the many prospects of agritourism from a broader
perspective and to promote long-term agritourism growth which involve the prospects
of visitors increasing their knowledge and awareness of environmental preservation,
farmers' quality of life amelioration by adding values to community agricultural
activities, and teaching of natural resource management.
The study aims:
● to propose a design solution of Agri-tourism Resort Complex Project for Lubao,

Pampanga;
● to know the probability of acceptance from the locals to the idea of a Agritourism
Resort Complex Project for Lubao; and
● to discover the possible effect of the proposal Agritourism Resort Complex
Project would have on the locals.
1.1.6. ASSUMPTION
The following are assumed to be true in the study:
● The Lubao municipality is working on the development and beautification of

the Sta. Catalina, the Porac-Gumain River in Lubao. Along the river's banks,
various bamboo and ornamental plants are being planted. A picnic area has
been built among the growing bamboo. Boating and fishing are also planned
to be popular activities. The project will undoubtedly bring tourists to the
municipality.
● The BaybayIlog is a potential tourist attraction in Lubao, aimed at reviving

ferry sails from the municipality of Lubao and Sasmuan to Manila and other
parts of Luzon accessible to water transport.
● Based on the yearly production report of average yield, the municipality's

production quality has gradually improved. The Municipal Agricultural Office
recorded a much-improved yield of 4.71 metric tons per hectare in 2014, up
from 4.0 metric tons per hectare in 2010. Rice/Palay produced in the
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municipality is consumed locally and sold in neighboring Pampanga

municipalities.
● There will be an increase in Organic farming due to its low-cost maintenance

and high profit since there is a growing demand for organic produce in local
and foreign markets.
● Vast area is economically viable for fishing; it has both land and aquatic
characteristics that typifies wetlands. Wetlands naturally occur in low-lying
areas that receive freshwater at the ends of streams and rivers, or salt water
from waves in coastal areas. This kind of landscape is suitable for raising a
variety of salt/fresh water fishes.
● Lubao also shows a very promising future in poultry and livestock raising.
Excess materials from harvested fields and palay could be utilized as food for
chicken, fowls and pigs. Some enterprising fish-farmers also used this
agricultural raw material as fish food and could be processed as organic
fertilizers to improve production on other crops.
1.1.7. DEFINITION OF TERMS AND CONCEPT
Agritourism - is a tourism industry in which visitors can observe, experience, and

immerse themselves in an agricultural operation or activity. And serve as the
Philippines' primary agricultural industry.
Internal Tourism - is the tourism of residents and non-residents within the economic
territory of the reference country.
Tourism - is a generic term that has been adopted in a variety of forms and is used all
over the world to cover both demand and supply.
Cultural Identity - a key component of your personal identity (and worldview) that
emerges as you absorb, interpret, and adopt (or reject) the beliefs, values, behaviors,
and norms of the communities in your life.
Agriculture - is the science and art of cultivating soil, growing crops, and raising
livestock. It entails preparing plant and animal products for human consumption and
distributing them to markets.
Zoning - is a method of urban planning in which a municipality or other tier of

government divides land into zones, each of which has a unique set of regulations for
new development.
Informal settlers - means an area where no subdivision of individuals ever has taken
place in terms of Town planning legislation.
Sustainable - able to be maintained at a certain rate or level

FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
ACRONYMS:
DPWH - Department of Public Works and Highways
AAGR - Average Annual Growth Rate
NSO - National Statistics Office
PAGASA - Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services

Administration
MSWDO - Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office
DCC – Day Care Center
1.2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
1.2.a. Related Literature and Studies about the Site:

● Municipal Profile of Lubao
❖ Location
One of the twenty-two municipalities that make up

the Province of Pampanga is Lubao. It is situated in the
province's western region. Its northern, eastern, western,
and southern borders are formed by the municipalities of
Guagua, Sasmuan, Floridablanca, and Orani, Bataan. The
location is about in latitude 14o 56' 07" and longitude 120o
36' 04'' '.The strategic position of Lubao defines the
manner in which the early Kapampangans formed their
own civilization, which is similar to how other world
civilizations were born near riverbanks. Because of its
proximity to the Western Luzon mountain ranges, where it
is said that the Philippine aborigines (Aytas) initially
resided, the historical process of how early human
migrations or migration had evolved is magnified (Municipality of Lubao, Pampanga,
2014).
❖ Topography
Lubao's topography is mainly flat. Its elevation is merely 0-3 meters.

Approximately 64.30% of the total land area is made up of broad plains. It is
intersected by two large rivers, the Gumain and Kaulaman, as well as several
lesser streams that serve as drainage basins. The Pampanga province's
coastline region includes Lubao's southernmost section. The municipality's
fishing field is located in this specific zone (Municipality of Lubao, Pampanga,
2014).
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
● Public Routes and Highways
Communities in Lubao town, Pampanga, are

now benefiting from newly constructed local roads in
the region, according to the Department of Public
Works and Highways (DPWH). Farmers from
communities now have access to routes on the local
highways that make it simple for them to carry their
agricultural goods from farms to market hubs in Lubao
and other areas of Pampanga. By enhancing the local
economy and maintaining the security of residents'
commutes, road repair is thought to considerably benefit
the community's citizens (DPWH, n.d.).
● Lubao, Bamboo Hub
By the Sta. Riverbank lies on an eco-tourist site

called the Lubao Bamboo Hub. located in Lubao,
Pampanga, Catalina. The bamboo hub works as a tourist
attraction as well as a barrier against soil erosion. Visitors
can now access it as of 2017. The bamboo was intended
to replace commercial timber in addition to being utilized
as a disaster response.
By transforming bamboo into various goods, the

initiative aimed to provide a sustainable livelihood
program for farmers and the families in the neighborhood.
The six-hectare property along the riverbed was turned into an eco-tourism attraction
in order to raise awareness of the benefits and applications of bamboo (Guide to the
Philippines, n.d.).
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1.2.a. Related Literature and Studies about Agri-tourism and Agri-

tourism Resort Complex Project:
● Transformation to Eco-Agri Tourism: The Case of Casile, Cabuyao City,
Laguna, Philippines
The purpose of the study was to ascertain whether the locals of Barangay
Casile, Cabuyao, Laguna, Philippines, would be in
favor of turning their community into an eco-
agritourism destination. A farming community,
Barangay Casile is also renowned for its natural
landmarks like the Marcos Twin Tower and Matang
Tubig River. As a result, Cabuyao City's local
government unit intends to develop the region as a
natural-based tourist destination, more precisely as
an eco-agritourism site. The poll results showed that
the respondents supported the idea of turning their
region into an agritourism destination.It may be
argued that agritourism development engaging
locals gives the project management and
development control.
● Agritourism – An Overview
Agritourism is becoming increasingly

popular as growers seek to diversify and enhance
profitability. Agritourism, which combines
agriculture with tourism, provides new revenue
streams but also exposes operators to possible
issues and regulatory complexities.
There are agritourism businesses all around

the world. They range from little businesses that
operate seasonally and provide only a few
consumer services to huge businesses that run all
year long and offer a wide variety of consumer
services. It offers a singular chance to integrate
elements of the tourism and agricultural sectors in
order to provide visitors, farmers, and communities a multitude of economic,
educational, and social benefits. Agritourism provides producers with an extra source
of income as well as a channel for direct marketing to consumers.
1.3. THEORETICAL/ CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Theoretical Framework
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Fig.1: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
For the researchers to produce an Architectural Solution, a proposed project

should be based on a formula by combining the Imagination and the Reality.
According to the lectures that the researchers learned in Theory of Architecture 1
class, Reality is the physical foundation of the framework, and in order for an
architect to create a proposal, it must first start with data collection to determine
whether the proposal is feasible to be built and what the project's potential obstacles
are. Meanwhile, the Imagination is the Non-Physical core of the framework, where
the look and function of the project originate in the Architect's mind.
In this study, the physical basics have already been addressed in the previous
section of this chapter, as well as in other sections of this chapter involving Data
Management, Analysis, and so on, whereas the nonphysical fundamentals will be
addressed in subsequent chapters of this text, specifically the production of Working
Drawings.
Conceptual Framework
Fig.1: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The process shows the steps and factors that go into creating a conceptual
design for a project. For this research, the proposed project should address the three
essential components, which are the Program & Basis, Exterior and Interior Spaces,
and the Location or Site. The program and basis should be taken into account first.
Before a project can be planned, its foundation must be established in order to
determine whether it will meet societal demands. This can be done by taking into
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account specific concepts and traditional customs as well as by developing programs

that will keep the project viable and sustainable.
The project's site and space requirements must be taken into account in order
to determine the parameter and the optimal position. Finally, by taking into account
the three fundamental components, we may produce a design solution.
1.4. METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
APPROACH FOR THE RESEARCH:
The groundwork was made to figure out specific possibilities and

opportunities that can be found notably in Lubao, Pampanga. For the research to be
feasible, different forms of approach such as surveys, data accumulation and
consultations with relevant professionals will complement the said proposal, the
proponents came across with some sort of causes, aftermath and possible solutions
that made them choose to pursue the study.
The study utilized Feasibility study as its research approach and made use of
Qualitative and Statistical Data which provided analyzing numerical data as an
assessment of the practicality of a proposed plan or project. A feasibility study
analyzes the viability of a project to determine whether the project or venture is likely
to succeed. The study is also designed to identify potential issues and problems that
could arise while pursuing the project.
Library research:
New Clips, books, newspapers, magazines and other printed outputs were
gathered by the researcher to provide reliable data for the framework of the proposed
project.
Interviews and Consultations (For Quantitative Data)

The researchers conducted interviews about the tourist economy of the
Municipality of Lubao. Potential of the Agri-tourism industry in the country and how
it affects the potential of the possible underlying benefits, as well as the Philippines to
promote an Agricultural theme resort. The study also includes the research about the
data regarding the site information and techniques for the feasibility of the said
project,
Chapter 2: PRESENTATION OF DATA
2.1. DATA MANAGEMENT

2.1.1 PRESENT CONDITION
2.1.1a DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
A. POPULATION
Lubao has consistently ranked fourth in population among the

Province of Pampanga's 19 municipalities and three cities. In 2010, its population of
150,843 represented 6.44 percent of the province's total population. Lubao's AAGR
was highest between 1995 and 2000, reaching 2.77%, which is 0.15% lower than the
Province of Pampanga's average AAGR of 2.92 percent.
In the census year 2010, Lubao recorded a population of 150,843. Barangay

Sta. Cruz and San Roque Dau 1st were the most populous barangays with 10.30% and
7.67% of the municipal population. Less populated were barangays Sto. Cristo
(0.42%), San Matias (0.80%), Sta. Maria (0.83%), San Jose Apunan (0.82%) and the
island barangays Bancal Sinubli (0.50%), and Bancal Pugad (0.43%). Table 1.1
According to NSO (National Statistics Office) records, there were

approximately 29,088 households in 2007, with an average household size of 4.92
people. Lubao had 30,169 registered households in 2010, with an average household
size of 5 people, according to the NSO.

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POPULATION PROJECTION
Lubao is expected to have a population of 191,190 and approximately 39,381

households at the end of the planning period based on an AAGR of 1.84 percent
(2000 to 2010) and an average household size of 5 (2010). (2023). After 39 years, the
municipality's population is expected to double (2049).
B. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
B.1. AGE RATIO
The age group with the highest population in Lubao, according to the 2015
Census, is 15 to 19, with 16,262 people. The age group with the lowest population is
80 and over, with 1,447 people.
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When all age groups are combined, those aged 14 and under make up 29.21%
of the young dependent population, which includes infants/babies, children, and
young adolescents/teenagers (46,976). Those aged 15 to 64 make up roughly 65.38%
of the economically active population and actual or potential labor force members
(105,156). Finally, the elderly dependent population, which includes those aged 65
and up, accounts for 5.41% of the total population (8,706).
Table 1.1 Source: philAtlas.com
According to the computed Age Dependency Ratios, there are 45 youth

dependents for every 100 working-age population in Lubao; 8 aged/senior citizens for
every 100 working-age population; and 53 dependents (young and old-age) for every
100 working-age population overall.
The median age of 26 indicates that half of the entire population of Lubao is aged less
than 26 and the other half are over the age of 26.
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B.2. SEX RATIO
The population of 150,843 represented 6.44 percent of the province's

total population, with males accounting for 50.5% of the total population of 81, 259,
and females accounting for 49.5% of the total population of 79, 579.
Table 1.1 Source: National Statistics Office of the Philippines (web) and National
Statistical Coordination Board (web).
B.3. EMPLOYMENT
Lubao's labor force, according to the projected 2013 population, was

approximately 105,826 (15 years and older) individuals, with a labor force
participation rate of 63.5% or 67,200 (based on NSO Report dated April 2014,
Philippine estimates). Using the NSO's 91.4% employment rate for Region 3, it was
assumed that 61,421 people were gainfully employed, while 5,779 were unemployed.
Underemployment in the Central Luzon Region was 13.5%, with 9,072 people
estimated to be unemployed in Lubao.
According to statistics, the number of workers in Lubao under workers in the

services sector was the most numerous, followed by those in agriculture, and those in
the industrial sector were the fewest in number.
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B.4. INCOME
Lubao families outperformed the national average in terms of economic

advancement. This was calculated using a monthly family income of P22,000 and a
monthly expenditure of P16,500. The low expenses were caused by the province's low
cost of living (where most families own their homes and the cost of basic
commodities is low)
C. GROWTH TRENDS
The observed change from the base plan in 2003 to 2008 is minor. The plan
aimed for a 0.34% decrease in agricultural land area. These are simply changes in
usage. The crop area has shrunk by 78.25 hectares and no unproductive land. Easily
flooded unproductive land will be upgraded for settlement expansion purposes (both
rural and urban).
The planned increase in the area for camia and sampaguita was considered in
high-level ground barangays where irrigation water is scarce; the Agri-industrial area
was maintained at its original level; future Agri-industries, particularly small-scale
poultry/livestock raising, are accommodated in the existing agricultural area provided
the criteria for establishing such industries are specified in the composite Zoning
Ordinance Similarly, the existing Agri-industrial area, which is now located near
residential areas, will be phased out gradually in accordance with the current Land
Use and Zoning Ordinance.
In comparison to the Urban Use Designated Area in 2003, it is clear that in

2008, there was no expansion. Nonetheless, a 12.5-hectare increase in a residential
area was observed as a result of the decrease in an agricultural area in the urban zone.
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
Improvements to infrastructure, particularly roads, do not require additional space

because they are merely improvements.
D. POPULATION DENSITY
The municipality covers 155.77 square kilometers (60.14 square miles),

accounting for 7.78% of Pampanga's total land area. According to the 2020 Census,
its population was 173,502. This accounted for 7.12% of the total population of
Pampanga province, or 1.40% of the total population of Central Luzon. Based on
these figures, the population density is calculated to be 1,114 people per square
kilometer or 2,885 people per square mile.
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
E. NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS
The number of houses in 1980 nearly doubled by 2000, according to NSO

records. (Within a 20-year period). It spans the years 2000 to 2010. In the year 2000,
it was estimated that housing units increased by 23 percent or 5,441 over the previous
year.
Lubao has approximately 2,165 informal settlers, the most notable of which
are those in island barangays. Others live in the vulnerable areas of dikes and creeks.
The majority of informal settlers in the urban/poblacion area are from distant
provinces and work within the municipality. The majority of informal settlers live in
barong-barongs made of improvised materials.
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
Lubao has ten (10) private subdivisions. The majority of clients are Lubao
residents who can afford to buy a house and/or lots in cash or with assistance from
government housing programs such as the Pag-ibig Fund, NHMFC, GSIS, or SSS.
According to estimates, Lubao had a housing backlog of 2,860 in 2000. These,

or 90.21%, require repair and improvement; 9.79% require construction. Respective
houses and/or replaced to make them habitable. According to a barangay survey and
information provided by barangay officials, the estimated housing backlog in 2010 is
5,962. The increase is due to the number of households that have doubled up and the
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
number of old houses that need to be replaced.
As of 2010, the estimated housing needs were 5,962 units. The vast majority
of these Households have doubled, accounting for 47.53 percent of the total figure.
The remaining housing needs are for major repairs and those made of improvised
materials, salvaged or salvaged housing units. The housing needs are broken down in
the table above. For 2014, assuming that the 2010 backlog has been reduced in part,
the estimated/projected housing backlog is as follows:
2.1.1b PHYSICAL DATA
MACRO-SITE DATA
A. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
Pampanga is located at the heart of Region III. It is bounded by Tarlac

and Nueva Ecija to the north, Bulacan to the east, Bataan to the southwest
and Zambales to the west. The terrain is relatively flat and the only
prominent mountain is Mount Arayat.
Its land area is 2,180.68 km². Its terrain is relatively flat and the only
prominent mountain is Mount Arayat. Polak has the largest land area of
343 km². km; Buildable continues at 208.7 km². km; Lubao is the
third largest with 155.77 km². km. The state is divided into four
congressional districts. It consists of 19 parishes, 3 towns and 538
barangays. The city of San Fernando is the provincial capital and serves as
the governmental seat of central Luzon.
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
B. TOPOGRAPHY
Pampanga is a province in the great plain that runs from Manila Bay
north to the gulf of Lingayen in Pangasinan. The majority of this region is
located just a few meters above sea level. With a height of 3,200 feet, Mt.
Arayat. The only highland is the elevated strip that rises nearly 1,900
meters along the western boundary of the Zambales Mountain. The general
slope is toward Manila Bay and the Rio Grande in the south and southeast.
However, the land slope is sloping downward toward Mt. Arayat in the
province's northwest. The Pampanga River, which funnels floodwaters
into the vast Candaba Swamp, then into tributaries, creeks, and Manila
Bay, is not far from the base.
C. CLIMATE
According to the PAGASA classification, there are two distinct

seasons in Pampanga—types C and D. From November to April, the dry
season begins, and the wet season lasts from May to October. Just cyclonic
or summer precipitation win the upper east storm downpours being not
really recognizable, subsequently the long dry season. The months of July,
August, and September see a lot of rain, while March, April, and May are
hot and dry. The heaviest rains occur in July and occasionally persist until
October. In some areas, such as San Luis, San Simon, Lubao, Bacolor,
Guagua, and Sto, the heavy rains cause disastrous floods. Apalit, Tomas,
and Minalin
MICRO-SITE DATA
A. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
There are a total of nineteen municipalities in the Province of

Pampanga, Lubao is one of its first-class municipalities. It is located in
Central Luzon's plains (Region 3). Geographically, it is situated between
latitudes of 14° 56' 7" north and longitudes of 120° 36' 4" east. It is
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
situated in the southwest of the province of Pampanga and is bordered on

the north, east, west, and south by the municipalities of Guagua, Sasmuan,
Floridablanca, and Orani, Province of Bataan.
B. TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION AND LAND AREA
The municipality of Lubao is a part of the second district of Pampanga

which includes the municipalities of Guagua, Sta. Rita, Porac, Sasmuan
and Floridablanca.
The overall land area of Lubao is 15,731.11 hectares, or 7.21 percent

of the total area of the entire land area of Pampanga Province. By total
area, it is the fourth-largest municipality.
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
C. BARANGAY SUBDIVISION
There are forty-four (44) barangays in Lubao. The largest barangay is

Prado Siongco, which makes up about 854.16 hectares, or 5.43% of the
municipal land area. San Jose Gumi is second, with 760 hectares, or 4.83%,
and Bancal Pugad is third, with 700 hectares, or 4.45%. While Bancal
Pugad is an island barrio, the final two barangays are situated near Lubao's
coastline. Municipal waterways, which are a part of the municipal land
area, are included in the two barangays' land areas. The smallest barangay
is San Nicolas 1st, the town proper, with only 65 hectares comprising only
a mere 0.41% of the whole municipal land area.
D. ROAD NETWORK
The Jose Abad Santos Avenue (JASA), originally the Gapan-San

Fernando-Olongapo Road, and the Mc Arthur Highway (San Fernando-
Guagua-Lubao Road) both pass through the municipality. These two
national highways serve as Lubao's primary access and trunkline
throughout all of Luzon. The JASA connects the
municipality with Aurora Nueva Ecija, Bataan, and Zambales in the
eastern and western provinces of Luzon, while the Mc Arthur Highway
provides access to Metro Manila's north and south. Lubao is also
accessible by banca or motorboat through the coastal bay that links the
municipality with the neighboring provinces of Bataan and Bulacan.
E. SOIL
La Paz silt-fine sand, Angeles coarse sand, and hydrosol make up the
soil in Lubao. The best soils for growing vegetables, rice, and sugarcane
are La Paz's fine sand and silt loam. The best quarry materials (gravel and
sand) are Angeles coarse sand. The best applications for hydrosol, which
can be found along the municipality's southern towns, are fishponds and
mangrove/nipa swamps.
F. CLIMATE
According to the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and
Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) classification, the
climate of Lubao is of the "C" type. The wet and dry seasons are the two
distinct and distinct seasons. The dry season lasts from May to October,
when the average monthly rainfall is 13.9 inches. Temperature during the
period stays consistent between 26 to 28 degrees centigrade. The long
periods of July, August and September fall under the wet season which is
portrayed by weighty downpours. The hottest and driest months are March,
April, and May. There is no rain at all during the dry or hot season. During
the dry season, temperatures range from 29 to 34 degrees Celsius.
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
G. GENERAL LAND USE
From the base arrangement in 2003 to 2008 the prominent change is

just minimal. A reduction of just 0.34% percent on agricultural area was
designated on the arrangement; these are just moving of utilization. The
crop area diminished by 78.25 hectares, what's more, zero inefficient land.
Easily overflowed ineffective land will be updated for motivations behind
settlement extension (both for country and metropolitan). The arranged
increment on the area for camia and sampaguita was viewed as in high-
level-ground barangays where water system water is scant, from 103.5
hectares, was expanded to 577.5 hectares, Agri-industrial area was kept up
with at its unique level; future Agri-ventures especially limited scope
poultry/animals raising are obliged in the current agricultural area gave the
standards to laying out such ventures determined in the composite Drafting
Statute will be noticed. In like manner, the current Agri-industrial area
presently situated close to private area will go through slow getting rid of
in recognition with the ongoing Land Use furthermore, Drafting Mandate.
The comparative presentation of the figures are presented on the following

table:
H. URBAN LAND USE PLAN
It demonstrates that no expansion was made in 2008 in comparison to

the area that was designated for Urban Use in 2003. Despite this, a
decrease in agricultural land in the urban area resulted in an increase of
12.5 hectares in residential areas. Since infrastructure improvements,
particularly those made to roads, are merely improvements, they do not
require additional space.
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
I. COMPARATIVE/COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
The most attainable development plan for Lubao combines sustainable

coastal development with agricultural development. Along with the
municipalities of Candaba and Floridablanca, the municipality consistently
ranks among the top rice producers in Pampanga. It tolerates three rice
harvests per year in its fertile soil without an observed decrease in fertility.
In addition, Lubao has a bright future in other agricultural sub sectors like
inland and brackish fishery fishing and poultry and livestock raising.
When determining the Municipality's Agricultural Development, the
following essential benefits should be taken into consideration:
1. Vast area suitable for planting rice and other crops
Lubao’s estimated area for crop production is more or less 7,568.38

hectares which is about 48.11% of the whole municipal land area. Lubao is
one of the largest rice producing municipalities in the province of
Pampanga owing to its location as a floodplain with fertile soil conducive
to rice growing. Rice is being produced in two to three croppings a year.
2. Coastline and availability of vast swamp areas ideal for fish

production.
The municipality of Lubao is in the lower part of Pampanga. A portion

of its southern coastline leads to Manila Bay. Along the coastline,
numerous fish pens were constructed. However, the individuals who own
these fishponds do not reside in the municipality. For the most part, these
are affluent fishpond administrators from Malabon and Bataan. This area
contains three island barangays. The fishpen operators employ some island
barangay residents as employees. Additionally, the low-lying barangays
contain a significant number of inland fishponds; operators are also well-
off individuals who do not live in the municipality. Although Lubao has a
lot of fishing resources, the town and its residents rarely benefit directly
from these resources.
3. Skilled and industrious farm-workers
The new breed of farmers in Lubao want to keep their ancestors'

occupation, despite the hard work involved. The newest farming
technology is being taught to this generation of farmers. The record-high
volume of rice produced in later years is evidence of this. Despite this
progress, farmers' income from farming alone is insufficient to meet their
families' needs, particularly for their children's education.
Some are persuaded to switch careers. By establishing rural industries that
farmers could participate in, they must be assisted in increasing their
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
income. There would be no need for them to abandon farming in order to

find a more secure source of income with this strategy.
4. Improved main infrastructures and support facilities
Lubao is accessible through the Gapan-San Fernando-Olongapo

Road and the old McArthur Highway going to Bacolor. Barangay roads
are 90% percent concretized. All barangays are almost 100 percent
energized. Telecommunication facilities are available throughout the
municipality.
5. Accessibility to major urban centers
Lubao is 16 kilometers away from the municipality of San Fernando

and could be
reached within a travel time of 20 – 25 minutes by either public bus or
jeepney. Guagua is the nearest urban center, with only a distance of five
kilometers from the town proper. Angeles City in the north is 32
kilometers
and could be reached within 45 minutes
2.1.1c SECTORAL DATA
GENERAL PUBLIC SERVICES SECTOR
A. FINANCIAL REPORT
The financial highlights of Lubao's audit include a review of the

Municipality's accounts and financial transactions for the year 2021, particularly those
detailed in the Unnumbered Memorandum from the COA Local Government Sector
Assistant Commissioner dated October 13, 2021.
The audit was aimed to (a) verify the level of assurance that may be placed on
management’s assertions on the financial statements; (b) determine compliance of
management with the laws, rules and regulations on the pre-identified audit
thrusts/areas and recommend agency improvement opportunities thereon; and (c)
determine the extent of implementation of prior year’s audit recommendations.
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
SOCIAL SERVICES SECTOR
A. HOUSING
The number of houses in Lubao since 1980 has almost doubled within
the span of 20 years. Between the years 2000 to 2010, it is estimated that the
housing units have increased by 23 percent.
In Lubao, there are ten (10) private subdivisions. The majority of

consumers are Lubao residents who can afford to purchase a home and/or lots,
either outright or with help from various government housing initiatives,
including the Pag-ibig Fund, NHMFC, and GSIS or SSS.
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
There are about 2,165 informal settlers in Lubao, notable of these are
those in island barangays, some inhabit the the creeks’ and dikes’ endangered
areas. Informal settlers in the urban/poblacion area are mostly from far away
provinces who find employment within the municipality.
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
Because of the increasing number of households in Lubao, the

Municipality had a housing backlog of 2,860 in the year 2000. Majority of the
houses or 90.21% of these are in need of repair and improvement; 9.79% need
to build their respective houses and/or replace them to be conveniently
habitable. As the time goes by, in 2010, the estimated housing backlog is
5,962 as per barangay survey.
B. EDUCATION
Lubao considers its education sector as a basic necessity to cater the

needs of its youth. In line with this, is the rise of various schools in many parts
of the Municipality. To date, there are forty-three (43) public elementary
schools, four (4) private schools, and six (6) public secondary schools. The
schools are being supervised under two (2) district offices: the Lubao East
District and the Lubao West District.
The DepEd targets a student-teacher and student-classroom ratio of 35:1 in the

elementary level and 40:1 in the secondary level. Lubao’s schools for SY
2013-2014 was found deficient due to the increase of enrollees.
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
C. SOCIAL WELFARE SERVICES
Social development, where issues of basic needs and social welfare are
addressed, is one way to raise each person's quality of life. In Lubao, the
Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office has played a key role in
delivering social services to disadvantaged and underprivileged families and
individuals.
The MSWDO's duties also include managing and operating day care
facilities. To date (2010), there are 47 DCCs. Each of the twenty-seven
barangays has received at least one DCC. In addition to DCCs, social welfare
services are also provided at barangay halls and health facilities. Although the
majority of these facilities are in good condition, some have been found to
already have serious physical issues.
D. SPORTS AND RECREATION
The Lubao Sports Complex is the largest public sports facility in the
municipality. It has 2,500 seats and was constructed in 1993 at the rear of the
municipal hall building. Basketball games between barangays and municipal
sporting events are held at the Sports Complex. There are also tennis courts,
volleyball courts, basketball courts in every barangay, and billiards rooms.
E. HEALTH
The municipal government of Lubao, through the Municipal Health

Office, runs 42 Barangay Health Centers and three Rural Health Units to
provide preventive and maintenance healthcare to the 44 barangays. The
Escolastica Romero District Hospital, which is overseen by the Provincial
Government, provides medical care to the residents of Lubao. The Facility, a
hospital with a 25-bed capacity, is located close to the Municipal Hall
Building. There are also twelve private medical clinics, seven dental clinics,
five optical clinics,five medical laboratories and eight drug stores operating in
the municipality.
According to a review of the Prescribed Standard Ratios for Health Personnel

and RHUs, the Municipality requires three more RHUs in order to serve its
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
population adequately. In addition, it has been determined that the BHCs

require the assistance of four doctors, four nurses, five medical technologists,
five sanitary inspectors, one dentist, and one midwife.
The municipality has a sufficient number of medical facilities, but the lack of
public health workers is made up for by the private doctors who work there
and the staff of the Escolastica Romero District Hospital.
ECONOMIC SECTOR
A. EMPLOYMENT
According to statistics, the highest number of workers in Lubao were

employed in the services sector in 2014, followed by agricultural workers and
then those employed in the industrial sector.
According to population projections for 2013, Lubao had a labor force

of approximately 105,826 (15 and over) people, with a labor force
participation rate of 63.5%, or 67,200, according to Philippine estimates based
on the NSO Report from April 2014. Using the 91.4% employment rate that
the NSO calculated for Region 3, it was assumed that 61,421 people were
gainfully employed while 5,779 others were unemployed. The Central Luzon
Region's underemployment rate was 13.5%, and 9,072 of those individuals
were thought to be unemployed in Lubao.
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
Families in Lubao were better off financially than the majority of families
in the nation. This was calculated based on a family's typical monthly income
of P22,000 and monthly expenses of P16,500. The low cost of everything
contributed to the low expenses residing in a province (where the majority of
families owned their homes and basic necessities were inexpensive.)
B. REVENUE SOURCES
In 2013, the municipality earned P200,450,681 in revenue. Part of the

municipal income was derived from Real Estate Taxes, which were charged
on businesses in the municipality, the majority of which were agricultural
businesses and agri-industries. The National Government's Internal Revenue
Allotment generates the most revenue.
The municipal government's revenue increased by 11.39%, or P20.490M,

between 2011 and 2013. This steady rise in income is a sign that the economy
is growing.
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
C. AGRICULTURE
C.1 RICE INDUSTRY
Rice/Palay is the major agricultural crop produced in

Lubao.The municipality constantly ranks first in terms of rice
production in the province of Pampanga. In 2013–2014, 6,079.48
hectares were planted, and a minimum of two croppings per year
resulted in the harvest of 28,624.50 metric tons of palay on average.
Based on the yearly production report of average yield, the

municipality's production quality has gradually improved. The
Municipal Agricultural Office reported a much improved yield of 4.71
metric tons per hectare in 2014 from a yield of 4.0 metric tons per
hectare in 2010. Locals in the municipality consume the rice/palay that
is produced there, and it is also sold to nearby Pampanga
municipalities.
Additionally, corn, vegetables, legumes, root crops, and

sugarcane were planted. A total of 855 hectares were planted and 5,601
metric tons of produce were harvested in 2013. With 610 hectares
under cultivation, corn is the secondary crop. Because it is no longer
economically feasible to produce sugarcane, less land has been planted.
C.2 FISHING INDUSTRY
The municipality’s fishing industry emanates from two sources:

brackish (wherein fish pens were built along the municipal waters and
estuaries of the Manila Bay) and inland fishponds. An estimated 5,000
hectares are included in the fishing area. 4,000 of these, or roughly
80%, are thought to be brackish; 20 percent, or 1000 (approximately)
hectares, are freshwater fishponds. The majority of large fishing
industries that own and operate brackish fish pens are not registered
with the Lubao municipal government and do not pay their dues.
For 2012-2013, there were 341 inland fishpond operators managing

1,074.84 hectares of fishponds. A total of 7,523.25 metric tons of fish
were produced from these fishponds.
C.3 COMMERCIAL LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY INDUSTRY

FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
The two most fruitful agricultural sectors in Lubao were

commercial livestock and poultry farming. There were about 35
registered commercial pig farms in the municipality in 2012. They
were spread out across 17 rural barangays; The most pig farms were
found in San Pedro Palcarangan. A total of 5575 heads were produced
across the 35 farms. All 44 of the barangays had a high prevalence of
backyard farming, particularly in oversized yards These animals were
raised by locals as a source of additional income and for personal
consumption.
D. COMMERCE AND TRADE
In 2010, there were 1,488 businesses registered in the Municipality,

1,224 of which were renewals and 264 of which were new. Commercial
businesses, trading, general merchandising, retail, and wholesale businesses
accounted for 65.59 percent of the business licenses issued. Services
accounted for 14.89% of all businesses, while agricultural-based enterprises
accounted for 10.62%.
Over 5,000 people were employed as a result of businesses involved in

wholesale and retail trading; 892 people were employed as a result of
businesses providing community, social, and personal services. 7,283 people
were employed by all businesses for the year, the majority of whom were
municipality residents.
E. TOURISM
Being one of the oldest settlements in the Province of Pampanga

underpins Lubao's tourism potential. Landmarks such as: The Parish of St.
Augustine, a church built around 1614-1630 and the Diosdado-Macapagal
Birthplace House / Library & Museum are few of the major tourist attractions.
Currently, beautification around the Municipality is ongoing to further

enhance the place. The Porac-Gumain River is planted with different kinds of
bamboo and ornamental plants, and a picnic ground has also been constructed.
To promote its agriculture, boating and fishing are also envisioned to be an
attraction.
Another potential tourist attraction in Lubao is the “BaybayIlog” which aimed

at reviving ferry sails from the municipality and Sasmuan to Manila and other
parts of Luzon accessible to water transport.
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
The privately-owned Pradera Verde Golf and Country Club is another venture
involved in tourism. Wake Water Park and Villas are available there, along
with two excellent man-made lakes for wakeboarding. The project is currently
being worked on to become a golf course and resort. The venue for the 2014
Hot Air Balloon Festival is located in Barangay Prado Siongco along Jose
Abad Santos Avenue.
PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR
A. ROAD NETWORK
Lubao is traversed by the Mc Arthur Highway (San Fernando-Guagua-

Lubao Road) and the Jose Abad Santos Avenue (JASA). The JASA connects
the municipality with the eastern and western provinces of Luzon, and the Mc
Arthur Highway serves as an access road to the north and south of Metro
Manila. The coastal bay connecting Lubao with the nearby provinces of
Bulacan and Bataan can also be reached by banca or motorboat.
The municipality has 32 bridges covering a total length of 245 linear meters.
The bridges are mostly concrete types, particularly those along the national
and provincial roads.
B. TRANSPORTATION
The primary form of public transportation for travel outside of the

municipality is the bus. These are the buses that travel from Bataan/Zambales
to Metro Manila and vice versa. Due to its location along a major route, Lubao
is reachable at all times.
Jeepneys are yet another intra-LGU mode of transportation. There are four
jeepney terminals strategically placed throughout Lubao: two in Barangay San
Nicolas proper, one on the Mc Arthur Highway, one along the JASA, and one
on the Lubao-Guagua-San Fernando old road.
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
Tricycles frequently travel barangay routes and in places where jeepney

service is insufficient. Although there isn't a formal tricycle transport terminal,
there are informal terminals scattered throughout the municipality and in each
barangay.
C. UTILITIES
C.1 POWER SUPPLY
PELCO II (Pampanga Electric Cooperative II) provides electricity to

all forty-four barangays in Lubao. Out of the 31.609 households that had been
counted as of 2013, 25,205 had been given electrical connections, or 90% of
the total. Kerosene, oil, or any other type of lighting is used in the remaining
households.
C.2 WATER SUPPLY
Thirteen (13) barangays are served by the Level III water system
provided by the Lubao Water District. The majority of the 31,916 Level III
water connections are provided to residential homes, with the remaining
connections going to 1,378 commercial and 137 government establishments.
About 73% of the total households of Lubao are being served by the Lubao
Water .
In addition to the Lubao Water District, private organizations, such as those in

subdivisions and resettlement areas, provide Level III water systems to the
majority of Lubao's barangays. Every household receives water after it is
pumped into overhead tanks. The rest of the households in the other barangays
have access to the Level I water system; some households maintain this kind
of water supply in support of existing level 3 systems.
C.3 COMMUNICATION
One source of information that is still being used in the present time,
aside from national daily newspapers and tabloid publications, is the Print
Media. Four (4) are available for circulation while three (3) are circulation
within Pampanga.
When it comes to postal service facilities, a government-owned facility named

PHILPOST serves as the major postal service carrier not only in Pampanga,
but throughout the nation. The main office is located beside the municipal hall
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
at barangay San Nicolas 1st and the sub-station is situated at the Sta. Cruz
Public Market
The municipality has access to the rest of the world through online stores. The
Digital Subscriber Line of the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company,
Globe Broadband, and SMART Communications are examples of Internet
service providers. Nearly 80% of the household has access to the internet.
In Lubao, landline telephone services are provided by PLDT, Digitel, SUN,

Globe, and SMART, while Globe, SMART, and Sun Cellular manage the
city's cellular network. At least one mobile phone is available to or owned by
every member of the household.
An FM radio, aside from those stations in Metro Manila, broadcasts to the

municipality. The municipality is devoid of a television network station. Metro
Manila and City of San Fernando television stations broadcast regional
programming, while three cable companies offer other programming.
2.1.1d INDUSTRY PROFILE
The Housing Industry
● Current Standard of Operations

According to NSO data, the number of houses in 1980 nearly doubled
between 1980 and 2000 (within the span of 20 years). From 2000 to 2010, it is
estimated that the number of housing units increased by 23 percent, or 5,441,
compared to 2000.
Table 8-HOUSING SITUATION FOR THE CENSAL YEARS, 1980-

1990-2000-2010
ITEM 1980 1990 2000 2010
Households (HH) 12,637 16,986 23,446 32,219
Household Population 77,502 99,705 110,180 161,095
Housing Units (HU) 12,095 16,971 23,266 28,707
Occupied 11,894 16,635 23,266 28,707
Vacant 201 336 0 0
Ratio of HH to 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1
Occupied HU
Ratio of HH 7 6 5 6
Population to
Occupied HU
Source: NSO, Pampanga Socio Economic Profile – 1998, and Barangay
Survey (Year 2010)
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
● Accomplishments and Shortfalls

The number of Informal Settlers is one of the problems facing the
Municipality of Lubao. About 2,165 informal settlers inhabit the municipality,
the majority of whom reside in island barangays. Others occupy the imperiled
portions of dikes and creeks. The majority of informal settlers in the
urban/poblacion area come from distant provinces and find work within the
municipality. The majority of informal settlers reside in barong-barong
constructed from improvised materials.
HOUSING CONDITION
BARANGAY NO. OF NO. OF BACKLOG NO. OF NIPA
HOUSEHOLDS HOUSES INFORMAL &BARONG-
SETTLERS BARONG
1. Balantacan 520 400 120 20 90
2. BancalPugad 385 185 200 29 29
3. BancalSinubli 140 105 35 22 1
4. Calangain 459 400 59 0 0
5. Concepcion 1145 1300 0 25 20
6. De La Paz 282 282 0 14 14
7. Del Carmen 398 403 0 0 0
8. Don Ignacio 1003 968 35 36 87
Dimson
9. Lourdes (Lauc Pau) 1053 1052 1 24 16
10. Prado Siongco 748 846 0 0 0
11. Remedios 961 725 236 2 0
12. San Agustin 452 454 0 0 0
13. San Antonio 817 610 207 3 10
14. San Francisco 862 862 0 0 0
15. San Isidro 764 764 0 0 0
16. San Jose Apunan 281 267 14 0 0
17. San Jose Gumi 620 300 320 125 10
18. San Juan (Pob.) 648 488 160 16 47
19. San Matias 230 225 5 0 0
20. San Miguel 660 585 75 0 15
21. San Nicolas 1st 589 557 32 60 7
21. San Nicolas 2nd 406 393 13 54 35
23. San Pablo 1st 320 334 0 0 4
24. San Pablo 2nd 925 920 5 0 65
25. San Pedro Palcar 655 728 0 0 0
26. San Pedro Saug 283 260 23 0 0
27. San Rafael 836 990 0 0 141
(Baruya)
28. San RoqueArbol 616 616 0 0 185
29. San RoqueDau 2316 2003 313 152 71
30. San Vicente 389 343 46 114 34
31. Sta. Barbara 583 411 172 0 0
32. Sta. Catalina 750 810 0 130 150
33. Sta. Cruz 2959 2900 59 60 45
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
34. Sta. Lucia (Pob.) 407 390 17 15 15

35. Sta. Maria 232 189 43 10 10
36. Sta. Monica 900 890 10 380 30
37. Sta. Rita 620 580 40 300 66
38. Sta. Teresa 1st 546 584 0 0 0
39. Sta. Teresa 565 495 70 45 45
2nd
40. Santiago 746 656 90 0 0
41. Sto. Cristo 116 195 0 0 3
42. Sto. 710 710 0 0 10
Domingo
43 Sto. Nino 539 488 51 0 0
(PradoSaba)
44. Sto. Tomas 1484 1101 383 529 200
(Pob.)
TOTAL 30,920 28,747 2,834 2,165 1,455
● Administrative/Organizational, Technical/Technological, Problems
According to an evaluation, Lubao had a housing backlog of 2,860

units in 2000; the majority of these, or 90.21 percent, require repair and
improvement, while 9.79 percent require construction and/or replacement to
be habitable. According to a barangay survey and data provided by barangay
officials, the estimated housing backlog for 2010 is 5,962. The increase is a
result of the number of households that have been combined and the number
of older homes that need to be replaced.
Table 11-HOUSING BACKLOG, 2010
BACKLOG NUMBER PERCENTAGE

2000 2010 2000 2010
Doubled Up Households 180 2,834 6.29 47.53
Needs Major Repair 2,580 963 90.21 16.15
Makeshift/Salvage/Improvi 100 2,165 3.500 36.32
sed HU
TOTAL BACKLOG 2,860 5,962 100.0 100.0
0 0
Source: National Statistics Office & Barangay Survey& Author’s estimates
( Year 2010)
As of 2010, the estimated housing demand was 5,962 units. 47.53
percent of this total is doubled up households. The remaining housing needs
consist of units requiring major repairs and those made of improvised
materials or salvaged materials. The preceding table provides a breakdown of
the housing requirements. For 2014, assuming a partial reduction of the
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
housing backlog in 2010, the estimated/projected housing backlog is as

follows:
Table 12- HOUSING BACKLOG, 2018
BACKLOG NUMBER PERCENTAGE

Doubled Up 2,000 46.51
Households
Needs Major Repair 600 13.95
Makeshift/Salvage/Im 1,700 39.54
provised HU
TOTAL BACKLOG 4,300 100.00
● Outlooks or envisioned future business Environment

The Municipality of Lubao has a viable housing business environment
vision. Ten (10) private subdivisions exist in Lubao. The majority of clients
are residents of Lubao who can afford to purchase a house and/or lot in cash or
with assistance from government housing programs such as Pag-ibig, NHMFC,
GSIS, and SSS.
Table 10-LIST OF SUBDIVISIONS, 2010
CAPACITY
NAME LOCATION AREA (No. of
(HAS.) Housing
Units)
1. Dimson Sta. Cruz 1.500 150
Subdivision
2. Morning Sun Don Ignacio 6.000 400
Village Dimson
3. Family Ville San Isidro 35.000 2,500
Subdivision
4. Greenville San Isidro 25.000 1,500
Subdivision
5. Vima San Antonio 7.000 600
Subdivision
6. Jose Vitug San Antonio 2.500 250
Subdivision
7. St. Dominique San RoqueArbol 24.000 1,200
Subdivision
8. P.T. San Jose 1.200 120
Subdivision Apunan
9. Diamond Sto. Tomas 1.000 30
Subdivision
10. Vima Sto. Tomas 0.500 15
Subdivision
11. St. Philips Sto. Nino 50.000 2,300
Subdivision
12. Peoples Village Sto. Nino 50.000 2,500
Source: MPDO, Barangay Survey, 2009-2010
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
It also intends to increase the living conditions of impoverished

inhabitants by providing them with inexpensive housing units and amenities.
Another aim is to build a good and cheap housing program for the city's
homeless and informal settlements. Establishing a low-cost subdivision for
low-income earners in coordination between the municipal authority and
government housing agencies. Land Reclamation and Housing Projects in the
three barangays on the island.
● Opportunities for Improvement

There is adequate space for the development of residential areas in the
municipality of Lubao. Even so, due to the rising cost of land, low-income
families may not be able to afford their own space. The municipal government
must provide opportunities for the underprivileged sector to acquire affordable
housing units during these planning years; this will prevent the future
proliferation of informal settlers and blighted areas, as well as other social
issues caused by population density. Due to lack of space, the housing issue is
more severe in the three island barangays. The condition causes severe
housing congestion and the absence of roads. Similarly, there is insufficient
space for the development of community facilities. Through proper
coordination and collaboration with government housing institutions, it is
simple to lay the groundwork for well-planned communities.
In addition to proper planning, the redevelopment of blighted areas
requires ample space for roads and adequate space for road setbacks. Priority
must also be given to expanding residential areas in island barangays through
land reclamation. This must be accomplished with regard to and concern for
environmental protection.
There will be consideration for the mass relocation of squatters,
particularly those in high-risk areas, to safer areas within the province of
Pampanga.
The Healthcare Industry

FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
The health care of the local population continues to be one of the

primary concerns of the municipal authorities. The goal of this priority is to
provide continued medical and nutritional aid and treatment to families and
individuals in the municipality who are in need of assistance.
Through the Municipal Health Office, the municipal government of
Lubao operates three Rural Health Units and 42 Barangay Health Centers for
the provision of preventive and maintenance health care to the 44 barangays.
Escolastica Romero District Hospital, which is overseen by the provincial
government, is one of the most important public health facilities serving the
residents of Lubao. The facility is a hospital with a 25-bed capacity that is
located near the city hall.
In addition to these public health facilities, there are twelve private
medical clinics, seven dental clinics, five optical clinics, five medical
laboratories, and eight pharmacies in operation within the municipality.
According to an analysis of the Prescribed Standard Ratios for Health

Personnel and RHUs, the Municipality requires three additional four RHUs in
order to provide adequate services to its population. In addition, four
physicians, four nurses, five medical technologists, five sanitary inspectors,
one dentist, and one midwife are required to assist the BHCs in providing
health services.
There is an adequate number of health facilities in the municipality;

conversely, the lack of public health personnel is compensated for by private
practitioners and the Escolastica Romero District Hospital Personnel.
Table 13 - ADDITIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES AND PERSONNEL

REQUIRED
GOVERNMENT CURRENT PRESCRIBED REQUIREMENT LACKING

HEALTH NUMBER RATIO 2014 2023 2014 2023
PERSONNEL
Rural Health Unit 3 1:20,000 7 8 4 5
Health Physicians 3 1:20,000 7 8 4 5
Nurses 3 1:20,000 7 8 4 5
Medical Technologist 2 1:20,000 7 8 5 5
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
Sanitary Inspector 2 1:20,000 7 8 5 5

Dentists 2 1:50,000 3 4 1 2
Midwives 29 1:5,000 30 35 1 6
Source: Author’s Computation
Municipal government of Lubao aims to provide sufficient health
facilities, such as medications as well as other medical supplies/equipment, to
ensure the optimal health and treatment of local residents. Another objective is
to provide local residents with effective and efficient health services and
programs. And also to reduce or eliminate malnutrition in economically
depressed barangays.

Improvement and development of the Escolastica Romero District
Hospital, including the procurement of cutting-edge medical equipment.
Building and enhancing barangay health centers and Rural Health Units. The
provision of essential medical equipment for barangay health centers. To
ensure proper health and nutrition in economically depressed barangays,
continuous outreach programs and services, as well as monitoring and
evaluation, must be implemented. Continued supplementation of malnourished
and/or impoverished children's diets. Ongoing advocacy and campaigns for
health and nutrition education. Continuing programs and trainings for the
enhancement of health personnel's capabilities.
The Retail Sales Industry

In 2010, the Municipality registered 1,488 businesses, of which 1,224
were renewals and 264 were new businesses. 65.59 percent of awarded
business licenses went to companies involved in commercial enterprises,
trading, general commerce, retail, and wholesale. The percentage of service-
based firms was 14.89%, while the percentage of agricultural businesses was
10.62%.
Businesses active in wholesale and retail trade accounted for nearly
5,000 employment placements, followed by those engaged in the community,
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
social, and personal services, which generated 892 positions. The whole
number of firms for the year employed 7,283 people, the majority of whom
were citizens of the municipality.

The projected Mixed Land Use/Commercial Complex along the JASA
must attract business entities to locate or invest within the Municipality. To be
able to attract new investments, taxes and fees must be decreased or a tax
incentive must exist. There should be a centralized location for the processing
of relevant paperwork to make it easier for investors to secure business
licenses and other documentation required to ease their operations. Increasing
investments in the proposed business area will generate economic, business,
and employment prospects for local citizens in particular.

The outlook for the retail sales industry in Lubao is to attract investors
to the proposed Mixed Land Use/Commercial zone, which will surround the
proposed new Municipal Hall. Another aim is to expand business prospects
and create jobs. Additionally, to showcase the local products of the
community

There are numerous prospects for improvement, the first being the
establishment of a centralized location for the issue of business permits and
other documents required for business operation. Consider offering business
owners with tax breaks. Construct safe and aesthetically pleasing structures for
small enterprises. Effects of Cleanliness and Beautification Programs, Tree
Planting, and Other Projects on a Municipality's Cleanliness and
Attractiveness. Establish retail outlets for regional and agricultural products.
Lastly, cut travel expenses and trip time by easing traffic.
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
The Tourism Industry

The tourism potential of Lubao is rooted in the fact that it is one of the
oldest towns in Pampanga. Other reasons to visit Lubao include the parish of
St. Augustine, one of the oldest churches established by Augustinian friars in
1614-1630; the church was constructed from bricks and sand mixed with egg
albumen; and DiosdadoMacapagal Birthplace House / Library & Museum.
In accordance with the Sanitation and Waste Management Program,
the Municipality is now developing and beautifying the stretch of the Porac-
Gumain River in Sta. Catalina, Lubao. Along the riverbanks, several types of
bamboo and ornamental plants are being planted. A picnic area has been built
within the expanding bamboo. Additionally, boating and fishing are
anticipated to be attractions. Certainly, the initiative will draw tourists to the
municipality. Another emerging potential tourist destination in Lubao is the
BaybayIlog, which aims to revive ferry sails from Lubao and Sasmuan to
Manila and other water-accessible regions of Luzon.
The privately owned Pradera Verde Golf & Country Club is an
additional tourism-related development. Wake Water Park is equipped with
two man-made lakes and villas for wakeboarding. The project entails the
construction of a golf course and resort. The 2014 Hot Air Balloon Festival
was held in Barangay Prado Siongco, along Jose Abad Santos Avenue.
Existing facilities include two hotels and travel inns along the JASA
and seventeen resorts in various barangays within the municipality.
● Accomplishments and Shortfalls

Local hotels and travel inns that cater to tourists within the
municipality must be monitored. Facilities and service enhancements must be
encouraged. New hotel construction is also a positive influence in attracting
tourists and travelers.
Additionally, people are natural tourist magnets. Lubaoeneans are born
with the cooking, weaving, and other innate industrial abilities of the
Pampanguenos. Entrepreneurship must be fostered in all fields of expertise.
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA

Establish an atmosphere that attracts both domestic and international
tourists. Strengthen and maintain municipal strategies for peace and order.
Establish a local body or committee to administer tourist activities in the
municipality (with the participation of the municipal administration, business
organizations, non-governmental organizations, and other interested parties).
Encourage the participation of all local citizens. Implement cleanliness and
beauty in each barangay.

Encourage companies and entrepreneurs to engage in tourism-related
endeavors. Encourage local inhabitants, beginning at the barangay level, to
create a clean, calm, and attractive environment in order to attract tourists to
the municipality. Create a municipal museum, park, and library. Encourage
native residents and those from other foreign countries to join and assist in this
project. Enhance the abilities and capabilities of Lubaoneans in the field of
culinary and related industries (vinegar sasa making, mat weaving, etc.).
2.1.2. PRIMARY DATA
TACTICS INTERACTIVE NON-INTERACTIVE
1. Engr. Danilo C.
Aquino( Department
INTERVIEWS Head of Municipal
Planning and
Development)
1. Site visit and observation
2. Tour on key location
3. Observation for the

present agriculture
OBSERVATION development within the
vicinity of the site
4. Observation of the
current on-going project
of eco-tourism: Lubao
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
bamboo hub which is

along side the given lot
1. Videos and
documentaries
regarding
information about
LISTENING the site and about
similar projects.
2. Current news and

televised reports
concerning the
study.
1. Online survey on the

acceptance and
perception of
Agritourism.
SURVEY
2. Online surveys on the
agricultural economic
status of Lubao.
2.2. CASE STUDIES
The proposed thesis project is related to some local and foreign projects:
a. Agritourism as A Tool for Sustainable Local Development: The Case of Thuy

Bieu, Vietnam.
b. Tourism Demand and Agriculture Supply: Basis for Agritourism Development

in Quezon Province
c. Research regarding the implementation, development and impact of Agri-
tourism on Romania’s rural areas between 1990 and 2015
2.2.1. SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS
The study intends to determine the feasibility of the development of the Agri-tourism
Resort complex for the municipality of Lubao. The project shall be located in Sta.
Catalina, Lubao, Pampanga. The study shall cover the following:
a. The definition and analysis of the concept of Agri-tourism.

b. Physical data of the municipality of Lubao.
c. Application and promotion of Capampangan culture and traditions in planning
and design.
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
d. Exploration of the strengths of the Municipality in Agri-industries.

e. to propose a design solution of Agri-tourism Resort Complex Project for
Lubao, Pampanga.
f. To know the probability of acceptance from the locals to the idea of a
Agritourism Resort Complex Project for Lubao; and
g. to discover the possible effect of the proposal Agritourism Resort Complex
Project would have on the locals.
The following subjects have been delimited and are not under the scope of the study:
a. Deeper understanding on the supply and demand-related factors influencing

the link between tourism and agriculture.
b. The project’s structural analysis, construction methods and techniques.
2.2.2. CASE STUDIES
Case Study #01:
“Agritourism as A Tool for Sustainable Local Development: The Case of Thuy

Bieu, Vietnam.”
Prior to COVID-19, agritourism had made progress in terms of visitor

numbers, demand, and attention from practitioners and policymakers. It has proven to
be a practical diversification strategy for farmers to improve their quality of life.
Despite this expansion, little focus has been placed on the variety of components that
make up the agritourism network and how host communities perceive its effects on
local development. This case study on Thuy Bieu hamlet, an area well renowned for
agritourism activities based on its iconic pomelo, addressed this gap.
The results demonstrate that the Thuy Bieu region's agritourism system
consists of a wide spectrum of agritourism stakeholders connected to one another
through various interactions centered on the exchange of various resources. The thesis
also demonstrates different levels of locals' participation in tourist activities, which in
turn affects how they perceive how agritourism affects community development and
how they react to the issue.
Case study #02:
“Tourism Demand and Agriculture Supply: Basis for Agritourism Development

in Quezon Province’
The purpose of this research was to determine the tourism demand and
agricultural supply in Quezon Province. It specifically sought to identify the profile of
tourists and farmers; determine the supply and demand-related factors influencing the
link between tourism and agriculture; test the significant difference in responses of
tourists and farmers in terms of supply and demand related factors; test the significant
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
differences on supply and demand related factors when grouped according to profile;
and test the significant relationship between tourists' motivation and tourism. Finally,
present an action plan for the growth of agritourism in Quezon.
Based on the study's findings, it can be concluded that there is a
relationship between tourism demand and agricultural supply in Quezon province,
Philippines, because both visitors and farmers had favorable responses to all of the
characteristics mentioned. Rankings, on the other hand, show lesser demand and
supply for products/activities.
Tourists are intrinsically driven to visit agritourism destinations, putting
high priority in safety and security. Specifically, the preferences of individuals differ
based on their civil status and income. Widowed and separated people place a larger
value on services and safety and security, respectively. Tourists with a high income
have a stronger demand for services, support infrastructure, and safety and security.
Case Study #03:
“Research regarding the implementation, development and impact of Agri-
tourism on Romania’s rural areas between 1990 and 2015”
The study provides a practical, realistic, and critical analysis of the key
elements that are conducive to the implementation and growth of agritourism and
rural tourism in Romania. It is based on more than 25 years of research in the field of
agritourism.
The primary natural and man-made tourist resources that make up the nation's
tourism jewels are examined first, which leads to the conclusion that Romania has a
wealth of diverse and alluring tourist resources that have not yet been completely
utilized and promoted. Secondly, an evaluation of Romania's implicit agritourist and
tourist potential was carried out, as a future tourist destination, based on all its tourist
resources and on 12 evaluation criteria.
The results have shown that quality-wise, the value is high to very high,
leading to the idea that Romania may satisfy to a large extent the potential clients'
numerous expectations and requirements.
Lastly, a SWOT analysis regarding the level of implementation, development

and impact of agritourism on the Romanian rural areas during the researched period
was conducted. The aforementioned SWOT analysis led to a very clear and precise
conclusion. Agritourism activity, in the areas where it was implemented and
developed, had a very strong and favorable impact not only on the economic and
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
tourist framework of localities, but also on their social, cultural, spiritual and even
ecological framework.
2.2.3. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the similar studies observed, the relevance of Agritourism in a community’s

development is recognized and expounded.
“Agritourism as A Tool for Sustainable Local Development: The Case of Thuy

Bieu, Vietnam,” furthers the understanding of agritourism as a tool for sustainable
development internationally by placing a high emphasis on sustainability and having a
thorough awareness of local community viewpoints. In particular, communities in
underdeveloped nations aspiring for sustainable development are encouraged to
undertake and grow agritourism through this theory.
“Tourism Demand and Agriculture Supply: Basis for Agritourism Development

in Quezon Province”
The study sought to identify the factors linked to agritourism as a basis for Agri-
tourism development in Quezon province. According to the results of the study, the
following are concluded:
● There is a relationship between tourism demand and agricultural supply in
Quezon province, Philippines.
● Tourists are intrinsically driven to visit agritourism destinations, putting high
priority in safety and security.
● Civil status and income show direct influence on preference of service.
Based on the study, with all these results, the researchers recommend the following:
● Farmers or agriculturists with higher educational attainment may establish
seminars, training, and workshops on agricultural goods and activities in
which small-scale farmers might participate.
● The provincial tourism administration should segment the agritourism market
by analyzing the tourist profile, behavior, motivation, and satisfaction.
● The province and municipal governments should maintain continuing
engagement with local citizens and public authorities regarding agritourism
challenges and trends.
“Research regarding the implementation, development and impact of Agri-
tourism on Romania’s rural areas between 1990 and 2015” found, through
conducting a SWOT analysis, that Agri-tourism activity, in the areas where it was
implemented and developed, had a very strong and favorable impact not only on the
economic and tourist framework of localities, but also on their social, cultural,
spiritual and even ecological framework
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
RESEARCH TOPIC
This study makes use of Connected Architecture, a design principle that is
deeply rooted in people, their roots, and the environment. Connectivity is achieved
through inspiring and healthy environments. Places for people, with minimal impact
on the environment and reduced running and lifecycle costs. It is a network of
buildings or structures that are linked or clustered together to serve various purposes;
it must be integrated into the overall design and planning of the clusters in order to
promote Lubao's distinct cultural identity and agricultural resources in order to boost
the municipality's economic growth.
This research incorporates the use of vernacular architecture and sustainable

architecture to create a design that is user-friendly, interactive, and appropriate for its
purpose. It has received the quintessence of the age as well as expressed national
cultural identity by using the traditional material "Bamboo," which brings unique
beauty. It can be used in a variety of settings, from simple homes to lavish works.
Bamboo, in particular, is not limited to any architectural style; whether used for
structure or decoration, bamboo expresses and contributes to the overall beauty of the
work. It can be an effective erosion control method. Whether you're dealing with
sloped property grades and terraces, or topsoil loss to river beds and irrigation run-off,
the mighty roots of a well-established bamboo plant will provide a remarkable
solution to erosion and other related problems.
2.2.4. RESEARCH BODY

The agritourism sport complex is a multi-functional structure that may be
utilized for a variety of uses. The structure was created with sports and recreation in
mind. The primary goal of this project is to construct a cutting-edge facility for sports,
leisure, and recreational time. The goal of the project is to develop a holistic
environment that integrates nature into everyday life by connecting people to it. The
proposed setting will feature:
Agritourism: A spot where locals can unwind, enjoy their food, and spend time with
friends and family. Additionally, it will serve as a hub for farmers to impart their
expertise in farming food.
Sport Complex: The sports facility will have courts for basketball, volleyball, table
tennis, as well as a fitness center, swimming pool, children's playgrounds, parking
spaces, and other amenities. To provide visitors with a secure and welcoming
environment, all these facilities will be connected via walkways and staircases that
connect the various buildings.
APPLICATION
The Proposed Agritourism Sport Complex in Lubao, a tourist destination in

the province of Pampanga, is a project that would give an economic push to its weak
economy. The project serves as a model for long-term tourism development. It's an
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
agritourism complex that allows individuals to experience everything nature has to

offer. The research topic must be observed, considered, and applied to the overall
project planning. The term "connected architecture" refers to the interdependence and
relationship between built structures, rather than just linking bridges and pathways.
CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

3.1. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
3.1.1 IDENTIFICATION/ ASSESSMENT OF NEEDS

Lubao is endowed with numerous distinctive features, including lush
agricultural lands abounding with plentiful forest mangroves that teem with a variety
of aquatic sanctuaries. It is an obvious choice for utilizing its land for the economic
growth of both internal (local) and international tourism (national). However, the
current tourism trend is enticing Clark, Angeles, San Fernando, and Porac, while
Lubao only serves as a highway road leading directly to Bataan.
The following challenges are observed:
a. The number of places to stay and enjoy leisure activities in Lubao is limited
when compared to neighboring cities.
b. Lubao's resort tourism is underdeveloped because there are far fewer resorts
than hotels and lodges.
c. Resort facilities are unable to build a tourist attraction that fulfills all of the
expectations, even though they can provide a variety of services and amenities.
The study's goal is to serve as a tool for promoting Agri-tourism as a driver for
sustainable community development and a key factor in sustaining a progressive local
economy. It must be done through the development of tourist attractions that support
its distinct cultural identity and the marketing of its agricultural resources.
In general, the needs in Lubao, Pampanga are as follows:
a. Design a complex that will generate business opportunities for Lubao's

economic development.
b. To provide the community with a variety of leisure spaces that will fascinate
local and foreign tourists.
c. To establish a connection and a culture-sensitive design for the project.
d. Establish facilities for local products and agricultural produce.

FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
3.1.2. RESTATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Lack of recognition for Lubao's unique cultural identity and agricultural

resources, as well as its potential for economic development through internal (local)
and international tourism (national).
The number of places to stay and enjoy leisure activities in Lubao is

limited when compared to neighboring cities. Despite having enough space, not all
have adequate facilities, particularly for tourists. Because there are far fewer resorts
than hotels and lodges, Lubao's resort tourism is underdeveloped. Despite the limited
efforts made thus far, resort facilities are unable to build a tourist attraction that
fulfills all of the expectations, even though they can provide a variety of services and
amenities.
3.3. RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the collected data and observed problems of the vicinity where the
project shall be situated, the proposal for an Agri-tourism Resort Complex in Lubao,
Pampanga is thought to provide a solution. The project is regarded to address the
requirement in leveraging the potential of the thriving Agri-industry of municipality,
presenting the cultural uniqueness of Lubao at same time.
Adapting the concept of sustainable tourism and the application of vernacular

architecture through a culture sensitive design is the primary approach of this study.
This is to sustain the high farm productivity of the Municipality of Lubao, wherein
agricultural programs are essentially need to be continuously implemented and
improved.
The researchers recommend the inclusion of the following facilities and

amenities for the Agri-tourism Resort Complex in Lubao:
a. Livelihood facilities
b. The following types of agri-hotel services can be distinguished: farm stays,
cottage stays, agri-hotels (motels), self-service beds, agri-camping, and unique
agri-hotel services.
c. Agritainment facilities. Agritourist excursions and trips, maize, and visiting
parks and gardens are three possible subcategories of agritainment.
d. Facilities for products and services of agri-therapy, namely: animal-assisted
therapy; therapy applying plant and animal specifics: aromatherapy;
apitherapy; specific diets; mini-health resorts.
This will also assist to the increase of manpower without compromising the
local culture and traditions. It is critical to encourage collaboration among businesses,
the local community, and cross-promotion among agricultural operations.
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
3.2. SITE
3.2.1. BACKGROUND OF SITE
Santa Catalina is a barangay in the municipality of Lubao in the

province of Pampanga. The elevation of the site is 2 meters or 7 feet and its
barometric pressure is 101 Kpa. On this site, the traffic is not that heavy. The
roads are wide and clean. The accessibility is not that easy to access. It is near
the highway.
Suburban barangays are the populous barangays that are growing

around the urban center and are becoming more urban rather than rural on
their own. The agricultural, trading and service sectors comprise the
economy's foundation. Infrastructure projects were designed to support the
settlements and land use plan and promote economic growth in the
municipality. The sediments flowing from Mount Pinatubo have exacerbated
the floods in Lubao. 35 of the 40 inland barangays are thought to be at risk for
flooding.
Due to its location partially along a coastal swamp, Lubao is

perpetually inundated during the rainy season. Recent improvements in flood
control drainage have decreased the frequency and intensity of floods in the
municipality and surrounding areas. However, because of its low height,
flooding is likely to get worse in the coming years.
3.2.2. SITE SELECTION CRITERIA
SITE: STA. CATALINA, LUBAO, PAMPANGA

FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
The following points make the site suitable for the project:
● The location of the site is in accordance with the community’s main

livelihoods and industries
● The site has a existing natural environment and numerous open spaces
● Site potential is in relation to its built environment and location
● Has accessible routes and efficient transportation to the main road
(JASA) and other neighboring landmarks
CRITERIA
1 - Severe Limitations 3 - Good Condition

2 - Moderate Constraints 4 - Excellent Condition
CRITERIA 1 2 3 4
I.NEIGHBORHOO
D
Traffic ways (access,

hazards,
attractiveness)
Parks, recreation and

Open space
Freedom from noise,

fumes Etc.
PROPERTY
Size and Shape

(suitability)
On-Site “feel”
Need for clearing

FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
Soils (quality and

depth)
Earthwork and
foundation
BUILDING SITE
Topographic “fit” of
Programmed user
Orientation to sun,
wind, And breeze
Views
3.2.3. SITE SELECTION AND JUSTIFICATION
SITE: STA. CATALINA, LUBAO, PAMPANGA
The following are the favorable aspects of the site:
● Suitability of site to the project

● Location near existing tourist place
● Appropriateness of surrounding built structures
● Landscape and natural environment
The following are the unfavorable aspects of the site:

FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
● Moderate flood susceptibility

● Travel distance from town proper
● Access to transportation routes and road networks such as main highway\
CRITERIA SITE 1
I. REGIONAL
● Climate(temperature,storm, #
rainfall, etc.)
● Soils (Stability, fertility, >

depth)
● Water Supply and Quality ^
● Economy (rising, stable, > (rising)

declining)
● Transportation (highways ^
and transit)
● Energy (availability and ^

Relative cost)
● Landscape Character >
● Cultural opportunities >
>
● Health care facilities
● Major detractions (list and

* none
describe)
● Exceptional features (list >
and describe)
1. The province has seventeen festivals in
total
2. Prominent delicacies
3. Popular tourist destinations.
4. Unique and proud culture.

FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
II. COMMUNITY
● Travel (time-distance to #
Work, shopping, etc.)
● Travel experience (pleasant
or unpleasant) ^
● Community Ambiance ^
● School ^
● Shopping *
● Churches ^
● Cultural opportunities >

(library, auditorium)
● Public Services (fire, Police, >

etc.)
● Safety and Security ^
● Medical facilities >
● Governance ^
● Taxes ^
● Major detractions (list and #

describe)
1. Travel distances of landmarks and
shopping malls.
2. Majority of places stay Rural and too far

from neighboring cities and
municipalities.
and describe)
1. Well preserved culture and traditions.
2. Rich in agricultural resources.
3. Nature focused destinations.

FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
III. NEIGHBORHOOD
● Landscape character ^
Lifestyle
● Compatibility of Proposed >
uses
● Trafficways(access, ^
hazards, attractiveness)
● Parks, recreation and Open >
space)
● Exposure (sun, wind, ^
Storms, planning)
● Freedom from noise, fumes >
Etc.
PROPERTY
● Size and Shape(suitability) >
● Safe entrance and egress >
● On-Site “feel” ^
● Permanent trees and cover ^
>
● Need for clearing
^
● Ground forms of gradients
● Soils (quality and depth) ^

● Relative cost of Earthwork >
and foundation
● Site Drainage ^
● Adjacent structures (or lack >
of)
● Neighbors ^
● Relationship to Circulation >

patterns
● Relative cost of land and ^

Development
● Major detractions (list and #

describe)
1. Far from town proper.
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA

and describe)
1. Near different natural resources of
agriculture such as: lake, bamboo
farm, rice fields, and banana
plantation.
2. Has a great soil quality (fertile)
3. The site is great for possible application

of landscaping.
BUILDING SITE
● Topographic “fit” of
Programmed user >
● Gradient of Approaches
^
● Safe distance and entrance
drive ^
● Orientation to sun, wind,
and breeze >
● Views
>
● Privacy
>
● Freedom from noise and
glare >
● Visual impact of
neighboring uses >
● Visual impact upon
neighboring uses >
● Proximity to utility leads

^
LEGEND
* - Severe limitation
# - Moderate constraint
^ - condition good
> - condition excellent
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
3.2.4. SITE ANALYSIS
3.2.5. SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS
Strengths are factors within the control of the local government unit with
potential growth & development affecting the project.
● Lubao is a first class municipality.

● Near from cities such as San Fernando, Guagua and Florida.
● Lubao has a rich farmland and beautiful environment.
WEAKNESS
Weaknesses are taken away from your strengths in a bad way. You might need
to work on these areas.
● Lacking of updated amenities
● prone for flooding in low land area
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
OPPORTUNITIES
Opportunities are external aspects in your company environment that are

likely to contribute to your success.
● Viable for contributing to the increase of economic development of the
municipality.
● Population of Lubao is increasing over time.
THREATS
● The site has an existing active fault line.

FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
REFERENCE LIST:
BhattaraI, B. (2012, January 9). Thesis proposal on Resort Design. Scribd. Retrieved
from https://www.scribd.com/doc/77665369/Thesis-proposal-on-resort-design
Călina, A., Călina, J., & Tiberiu, I. (2017). Environmental engineering & management
journal (EEMJ), Research regarding the implementation, development and impact
of agritourism on Romania's rural areas between 1990 and 2015 (1st ed., Vol.
16). Retrieved from
https://web.s.ebscohost.com/abstract?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&aut
htype=crawler&jrnl=15829596&AN=122413672&h=kb4ap5LFfhynj8Y%2b625
BY4bZrlhrGZRcV24u86EVl8wi5rQZeWm%2bz7O5p4z1ohcU0DNXjRpEa4tm
YOO0%2fZnPMA%3d%3d&crl=c&resultNs=AdminWebAuth&resultLocal=Err
CrlNotAuth&crlhashurl=login.aspx%3fdirect%3dtrue%26profile%3dehost%26sc
ope%3dsite%26authtype%3dcrawler%26jrnl%3d15829596%26AN%3d12241367
2
DPWH. (n.d.). Department of Public Works and Highways’, Concreted Local Roads
Aid Farming Communities in Lubao, Pampanga. Retrieved from
https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/news/26911
Etingoff, K. (2016). Food Relocalization for Environmental Sustainability in Cumbria.

In Sustainable Agriculture and Food Supply (pp. 141- 174). Apple Academic
Press.Taiwo, C.O. (1993), The Role of Law in Education, in Yoloye, E.A (ed.)
Education and the Law in Nigeria. Ibadan: Claverianum Press.
Flanigan, S., Blackstock, K., & Hunter, C. (2015). Generating public and private
benefits through understanding what drives different types of agritourism. Journal
of Rural Studies, 41, 129-141.
Lago, N. A. A. (2017, July 22). LPUB research, Tourism demand and agriculture
supply: basis for agritourism development in Quezon Province. Batangas.
Retrieved from https://research.lpubatangas.edu.ph/
Manalo, C. C., Amboy, S. M., Gamil, R. V. S., Geroy, A. J. C., & Festijo, B. T. (2019,
July). Benefits of Agritourism in Batangas Province . Asia Pacific Journal of
Education, Arts and Sciences, Vol. 6 No. 3, July 2019. Retrieved December 18,
2022, from http://apjeas.apjmr.com/
Municipality of Lubao (2020, April 28). Municipal profile of Lubao, Pampanga.

Retrieved from https://www.lubao.gov.ph/about-us/municipal-profile/
Municipality of Lubao, Pampanga (2014). Comprehensive land use plan years 2014 –
2023 and zoning ordinance, The Economic Structure. Published and retrieved
from Municipality of Lubao
FOR LUBAO, PAMPANGA
OECD (2020). “Rethinking tourism success for sustainable growth”, OECD Tourism
Trends and Policies 2020. OECD Publishing, Paris.DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1787/82b46508-en
Roman, M. (2015). Agritourism farms owners’ competence in running their economic

activities. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 11(1), 136-146.
SEARCA. (2019, June 27). Southeast Asian regional center for graduate study &
research in agriculture, Philippines recognized as a top agritourism destination.
Retrieved from https://www.searca.org/press/philippines-recognized-as-a-top-
agritourism-destination
Thao, T. T. T. (2021). New Zealand tourism research institute, Agritourism as a tool

for sustainable local development: The case. Retrieved from
https://orapp.aut.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10292/14428/TrinhTTT.pdf
Uy, M. C. A. (2016, December 13). Stuvia, Thesis for Lubao. Retrieved from
https://www.stuvia.com/doc/276828/thesis-for-lubao

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DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY

A PROPOSED AGRI-TOURISM RESORT

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

BARRERA, KRISTINA MAE

AR. OLIVER M. CHAVEZ, UAP

Tourism is now widely acknowledged as a key driver of growth in the

Pampanga is a place abundant in natural resources, magnificent waterfalls,

Lubao is endowed with numerous distinctive features, including lush

If there is a point to upgrade Lubao’s economy, it must be via the creation of

Earlier, Lubao was referred to as "Baba" in the native tongue of the

Agriculture and Economy

C. Sampaguita and Camia.

E. Animals and Poultry

To sustain the high farm productivity of the Municipality of Lubao, it is

Agritourism has grown in popularity in the Philippines in recent years, since it

Human power is necessary to continue to grow agritourism's appeal and

1. Agri-tourism can help develop the local economy or society.

1.1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.1.3. ARCHITECTURAL THESIS GOALS/ OBJECTIVES/

ARCHITECTURAL THESIS GOALS

1. Design a complex that will produce business opportunities to increase Lubao’s

2. Establish a facility, such as a mini-museum or interactive attractions that

1.1.4. SCOPE AND LIMITATION

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study is focused on the proposed design of an agritourism resort complex

The scope of this thesis includes:

- Analysis of the concept of agritourism

1.1.5. PURPOSE/ RELEVANCE/ SIGNIFICANCE OF THE

● to propose a design solution of Agri-tourism Resort Complex Project for Lubao,

The following are assumed to be true in the study:

● The Lubao municipality is working on the development and beautification of

● The BaybayIlog is a potential tourist attraction in Lubao, aimed at reviving

● Based on the yearly production report of average yield, the municipality's

municipality is consumed locally and sold in neighboring Pampanga

● There will be an increase in Organic farming due to its low-cost maintenance

1.1.7. DEFINITION OF TERMS AND CONCEPT

Agritourism - is a tourism industry in which visitors can observe, experience, and

Zoning - is a method of urban planning in which a municipality or other tier of

Sustainable - able to be maintained at a certain rate or level

DPWH - Department of Public Works and Highways

AAGR - Average Annual Growth Rate

NSO - National Statistics Office

PAGASA - Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services

MSWDO - Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office

DCC – Day Care Center

1.2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

1.2.a. Related Literature and Studies about the Site:

One of the twenty-two municipalities that make up

Lubao's topography is mainly flat. Its elevation is merely 0-3 meters.

● Public Routes and Highways

Communities in Lubao town, Pampanga, are

● Lubao, Bamboo Hub

By the Sta. Riverbank lies on an eco-tourist site

By transforming bamboo into various goods, the

1.2.a. Related Literature and Studies about Agri-tourism and Agri-

Agritourism is becoming increasingly

There are agritourism businesses all around

1.3. THEORETICAL/ CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Fig.1: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

For the researchers to produce an Architectural Solution, a proposed project

Fig.1: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

account specific concepts and traditional customs as well as by developing programs

1.4. METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH