TCVN TIEU CHUAN Qu6C GIA TCVN 7996-2-6: 2011 IEC 60745-2-6: 2008 Xudt ban tan 1 DUNG CU BIEN CAM TAY TRUYEN DONG BANG DONG CO’- AN TOAN- PHAN 2-6: YEU CAU CU THE DOI VO BUA MAY Hand-held motor-operated electric tools — Safety — Part 2-6: Particular requirements for hammers HANOQI- 2011TCVN 7996-2-6:2011 Myc lye Trang Loi noi du 5 Loi gidi thigu. ieebesogveenteteiar . one eee ‘ . 6 1 Pham vi ap dung 9 2 Tailigu vién dn ° 3. Thuat ngir va dinh nghia 9 4 Yéu cdu chung. 10 5 Didu kin chung 6 v6i cdc th nghiém ..... 40 6 Détrdng 10 7 Phan loai 40, 8 Ghinhan va huéng dn... 10 9 Bdo vé chéng cham vao cac b} phan mang dign. 10 10 Khdi déng 10 11 Céng sudt vao va dong dién. a 12 Phat néng..... 1 13 Dédng dign rd......... W 14 Khé nang chéng dm. at 15 0 bén dién ... 1 16 Bao ve qué tai may bién ap va cdc mach dign lién quan.. rT) 17 BO ben " 18 Hoat dong khong binh thudng .. 12 19 Nguy hiém co NOC... sess 12 20 86 bance... 13 21 Kétcdu 14 22. Day d&n bén trong ......... 4 23 Linh kién ...... 14 24 Bdu ndi ngudn va day dan mém ben ngoai....... seansasesssssssonsnvanenssesssnsseneesersenasense 4 25 Bau néi ding cho day dn ben ngoai. a ~ sesssseeenenneee 15TCVN 7996-2-6:2011 Trang 26 Quidinh cho nd: dat 15 27 Vit va cac mdi ni 15 28 Chiu dai dirong ro, khe ho khong khi va khodng cach qua cach dign . 15 29 Khd nang chiu nhiét, chay va phong dién bé mat..... 15 30 Kha nang chéng gi 15 31 Buc xa, tinh doc hai va cdc mdi nguy twang ty... 15 Cac phy lye 20 24 Phy lyc K (qui dinh) ~ Dung cy duge cp dign bang acqui va dan acqui..... Phu luc L (qui dinh) - Dyng cu Gurac chp dién bang acqui va dan acqui cb dau néi ngudn ludi hoge ngudn khong cé céch ty 22 Thu myc tai ligu tham khdo- 23TCVN 7996-2-6:2011 Loi ndi dau TCVN 7996-2-6:2011 hoan toan tong dong voi lEC 60745-2-6:2008; TCYN 7996-2-6:2011 do Ban ky thuat titu chudn Quéc gia TCVNITC/E1 May dién va khi cu dién bién soan, Téng cyc Tigu chudn Bo long Chat lvgng dé nghi, 86 Khoa hoc va Céng nghé céng bé.TCVN 7996-2-6:2011 Loi gigi thigu 86 tiéu chudn Quéc gia TCVN 7996 (IEC 60745) hign 43 6 céc tiéu chudn sau: TCVN 7996-1 2009 (IEC 60745-1:2006). Dung cu dign cam tay truyén dong bang dong co — An toan - Phan 1° Yéu cau chung TCVN 7996-2-1:2009 (IEC 60745-2-1:2008), Dung cu dign cm tay truyén déng bang dong oa — An toan - Phin 2-1: Yau cu cy thé déi voi may khoan va may khoan c6 co cdu dap TCVN 7996-2-2:2009 (IEC 60745-2-2:2008), Dung cy dign c&m tay truyén dong bang dong oo - An toan - Phin 2-2: Yéu cdu cy thé 66i voi may van ren va may van ren cb co cu 63p TCVN 7996-2-5.2009 (IEC 60745-2-5:2006), Dung cy dién c&m tay truyén dong bang dong co — An toan - Phan 2-5: Yéu cau cy thé d4i voi may cura dia TCVN 7996-2-6.2011 (IEC 60745-2-6:2008), Dung cy din cdm tay truyén dong bang ééng co ~ An toan - Phan 2-6: Yéu cAu cy thé 66i voi bua may TCVN 7996-2-7:2011, Dung cy dién cm tay truyén dong bang dong co — An toan - Phan 2-7: Yéu cAu cy thé dbi voi sung phun chdt ling khéng chay TCVN 7996-2-11:2011 (IEC 60745-2-11:2008), Dyng cy dién cAm tay truyén dong bang dong co - An toan - Phan 2-11. Yéu cu cy thé d6i voi may cua tinh tin (may cua cb dé nghiéng dugc va may cura 6 hr6i xoay duge) TCVN 7996-2-12:2009 (IEC 60745-2-12:2008), Dung cy dién cm tay truyén déng bang dng co - An toan - Phan 2-12: Yéu cdu cy thé 46i v6i may dm rung bé tong TCVN 7996-2-13:2011 (IEC 60745-2-13:2006, amendment 1:2009), Dung cu dign cdm tay truyn dong bang dong co ~ An toan ~ Phan 2-13: Yéu cdu cy thé di vai may cua xich TCVN 7996-2-14:2009 (IEC 60745-2-14:2006), Dyng cy dién cAm tay truyén déng bang déng co — An ton ~ Phan 2-14: Yéu cu cy thé 66i voi may bao TCVN 7996-2-19:2011 (IEC 60745-2-19:2010), Dyng cy dién cam tay truyén d6ng bang déng co — An foan - Phan 2-19: Yéu cau cy thé ddi véi may bao xoi TCVN 7996-2-20:2011 (IEC 60745-2-20:2008), Dyng cy dién cdm tay truyén déng bang dong co - An toan - Phan 2-20: Yéu cdu cy thé bi voi may cva vong TCVN 7996-2-21:2011 (IEC 60745-2-21:2008), Dung cy dign cm tay truyén ddng bang ddng co — An toan - Phan 2-21: Yéu cdu cy thé G4i voi may thong dng thoat nude 86 tigu chudn IEC 60745 cén 06 céc tidu chudn sau: EC 60745-2-3, Hand-held motor-operated electric tools - Safety - Part 2-3: Particular requirements for grinders, polishers and disk-type sandersTCVN 7996-2-6:2011 IEC 60745-2-4, Hand-held motor-operated electric tools — Safety - Part 2-4: Particular requirements for sanders and polishers other than disk type IEC 60745-2-8, Hand-held motor-operated electric tools - Safety ~ Part 2-8: Particular requirements for shears and nibbiers IEC 60745-2-15, Hand-held motor-operated electric tools - Safety — Part 2-15: Particular requirements for hedge trimmers and grass shears IEC 60745-2.16, Hand-held motor-operated electric tools - Safety — Part 2-16: Particular requirements for tackers IEC 60745-2-17, Hand-held motor-operated electric tools — Safety — Part 2-17: Particular requirements for routers and trimmers IEC 60745-2-18, Hand-held motor-operated electric tools ~ Safety ~ Part 2-18: Particular requirements, for strapping toolsTIEU CHUAN QU6C GIA TCVN 7996-2. Dung cy dién cam tay truyén dong bang déng co’— An toan - Phan 2-6: Yéu cau cu thé déi v6i bua may Hand-held motor-operated electric tools ~ Safety ~ Part 2-6: Particular requirements for hammers 1 Pham vi 4p dung Ap dung diéu nay cua Phan 1, ngoai ra: 86 sung: Tiéu chudn nay Ap dung cho bua may. Dung cy thuge pham vi ap dung cia tiéu chudn nay gdm, nhung khong chi gidi han 6, bua kidu dap va bua kidu quay 2. Tai ligu vign din Ap dung didu nay cua Phan 1 3 Thuat ng va dinh nghia Ap dung didu nay ca Phan 1, ngoai ra: 3.401 Bua kiéu dap (percussion hammer) Dyng cy co hé théng dap ldp san bén trong, ngudi van hanh khong tac dong vao hé théng nay. 3.402 Bua kiéu quay (rotary hammer) Dung cu 66 hé théng dap dp san bén trong va c6 kha nang chuyén dong quay, ngudi van hanh khdng tac dng vao hé théng nay.TCVN 7996-2-6:2011 3.403, Bua kidu quay c6 “ché 6 chi khoan” (rotary hammer with “dail only mode”) Bua kiéu quay chi ed thé quay khi hé théng dap 43 dug nhd khop. 4 Yéu cdu chung Ap dung didu nay ca Phan 1 5 Didu kign chung 46i voi cdc thir nghigm Ap dung didu nay cua Phan 1 6 Détrdng 7 Phan logi Ap dung ditu nay cia Phan 1 8 Ghinh&n va hong dan Ap dung ditu nay cia Phan 1, ngoai ra: 8.12.1.1 BS sung Cinh béo an todn khi sir dung bia may Deo phureng tign bdo vé tai. Tidng dn cé thé lam gidm thinh lyc. ‘Sw dyng (cdc) tay cam phy tro, néu tay clm nay duge cung cdp cing voi bua may. Mat kiém ‘soat 06 thé gay thuong tich cho ngudi. Khi thye hign thao téc ma phy kign cat cé thé cham vao day din bj che khudt hogc ban thin day ngudn cua bua, phai cdm bia tai cdc be mat cm nim dirgc céch di¢n. Phy kidn cét cham vao day d3n “mang dign” c6 thé lim cho cdc bd phan kim loai cia bua “mang dién” va cb thé gay ign giat cho nguai van hanh. 9 Béo vé chéng cham vao cdc b6 phan mang dién Ap dung didu nay cia Phan 1. 10 Khdi dong Ap dung didu nay cia Phan 1TCVN 7996-2-6:2011 11. Céng sudt vao va dang dién Ap dung diéu nay cia Phan 1 12 Phat néng Ap dung didu nay cia Phan 1, ngoai ra 124 Thay thé: ‘Bua duge cho lam vige gian doan cho dén khi nhiét 66 dat én dinh hodc trong 30 chu ky, chon didu kign nao xdy ra truée, mdi chu ky gdm giai doan lam vigc 30 s va giai doan nghi 90 s voi bua ¢8 tat ngudn. Trong giai Goan lam vige, bia duge mang tdi bang co cdu him duge diku chinh dé dat dugc ng suat vao danh dinh hoc déng dién danh dinh, co c4u truyén dong cua bua phai duge nha khop hoac théo ra. Theo Itya chon cua nha ché tao, biia cling ob thé duge cho fam viée lién tyc cho dén khi dat én dinh nhigt. Gidi han dé tang nhigt qui dinh dbi véi v6 boc b&n ngoai khong duge ap dung cho vé boc cla co cAu truyén dong cia bua, 13 Déng dign rd ‘Ap dung didu nay cia Phan 1 14 Kha nang chéng dm Ap dung didu nay cua Phan 1. 15 6 ban dign Ap dung didu nay cia Phan 1. 16 Bao vg qué tai may bién 4p va c4c mach ign lin quan ‘Ap dung didu nay cia Phan 1 17 BO bén Ap dung diéu nay cda Phan 1, ngoai ra: 47.2 Thay thé. Bua kiéu quay cé “ché d6 chi khoan” duoc cho lam viée & ché 4} khéng tai trong 12 h tai dién ap bang 1,1 lan dign ap danh dinh véi co cdu dap 63 duge nha khép, va sau 66 lam vigc trong 12 h lai dién ap bang 0,9 lan dién ap danh dinh,TCVN 7996-2-6:2011 br chu ky am viee gdm ed mét giai aan “d6ng dién’ trong 100 s va mot giai doan “cat dién” trong 20 8, iat Goan “cSt dién” duoc tinh vao thoi gian lam vigc qui dinh. Trong qua trinn thir nghi¢m. bua duoc dat ¢ ba ty thé khc nhau, thoi gian lam vite 6 mbi dign Ap phai axbp x14 h dbi vor tirag tur th CHU THICH Thay 6d: ty thé 66 ngan nguza tich léy khong Binh thudng ca but chéi than & bat ky vj trl gc Diet 30 Vi du vé ba tu thé La ndm ngang, thing ding hudng lén va théng dizng hyéng xubng Tit cd cde bua. ké c€ bie cd ché dé chi khoan, diroc lép théng dizng vao trang bi thir nghigm ahr thé hién trén Hinh 103 va lam vide & dign 4p danh dinh hodc 6 gia tr trung binh cila déi-dién ap danh inh, trong bén giat doan, mdi giai Goan 6 h, khodng thai gian gid cdc giai Goan nay phai it nhdt 1 30 min. Trong cac thiy nghiém nay, bua duge cho lam vige gidn doan, mdi chu ky gdm co mot giai dogn lim vie 30 s va mét giai doan nghi 90 s, trong giai doan nghi nay bua dugc tat ngudn. Trong qua trinh thir aghiém, lve doc truc duge dat Ién bua thong qua vat trung gian dan hdi 68 dam. bdo lam vite dn inh cia co cdu dap. Néu dd tang nhigt 6 bO phan bat ky cla bua vwot qua dé tang nhiét duge xAc dinh trong thir nghiém & 12.1 thi cho lam mat cutng bire hod c6 giai doan nghi nhung giai oan nghi nay khong éugc tinh vo thoi gian lam vige qui dinh. Trong qué trinh tién hanh cdc thir nghiém nay. thiét bj bdo vé qua tdi khong dug tac dong. Bua c6 thé duge dong dign va cat din bang co cdu déng cét khdng phai 14 co cu déng cat dp sin trong bua Trong qua trinh tién hanh cc thir nghiém nay, cho phép thay chéi than va bua durgc bdi tron nhu trong: str dung binh thudng. Néu co cdu dap bi héng vé co trong qua trinh tha aghiém nhung khéng lam cho bd phan tiép can duge tr nén mang dign thi cd thé thay bang co cdu dap méi. 18 Hoat é6ng khéng binh thong ‘Ap dung éidu nay cia Phan 1 19 Nguy hidm co hoc Ap dung didu nay cua Phan 1, ngoai ra: Bd sung éidu phy. 19.101 Chia van cua ngam kep phai dug thiét ké dé d& dang roi khdi vi tri khi thd tay ra. ‘Yéu cau nay khong loai trir vigc trang bj kep 8 gir chia van 6 Ging vi tri khi khong six dung; khong cho phép cé dinh kep kim loai vao cp hoe day ngudn. 12TCVN 7996-2-6:2011 Kiém tra sy phi hop bang céch xem xét va thi: nghiém bang tay. Lap chia van vao ngam kep nhung khéng xiét va bua duge xoay sao cho chia van hudng xudng dudi. Chia van phai roi ra. 19.102 Lyc tac dng len ban tay do mémen ket tinh khdng duge qua lon, Kiém tra sy ph hgp bing thir nghiém sau. Mémen ket tinh hodc mémen trugt cia b6 ly hop dug do trén tryc quay dau ra duge gity chat cia bia trong didu kién ngudi (Ma). Bua duge néi vi dign 4p danh dinh. Cac banh rang dugc didu chinh dén téc do thdp nhdt. BO didu chinh bang dién tir duge diu chinh dén gia tri dat t6c d6 lon nhdt. Co cdu déng cat cla bua dugc dat 6 vitri “dong” hoan toan. Gid tri trung binh cla mémen do dugc khéng dugc vot qua gid tri Kin nhdt Jign quan (Mama) trong Hinh 101 va Hinh 102. 20 obénco Ap dung ditu nay cda Phan 1, ngoai ra: 20.3 Thay thé: Bua cé khéi lung dén 10 kg phai chiu dugc ba lan roi tiy 66 cao 1 m lén be mat bé ting. Odi voi ba lan roi nay, m&u phai duec thy nghiém & ba tu thé bat igi nhdt va diém th4p nhdt cia bua phai cdch b& mat bé téng 1m. Trong thir nghiém, khdng ldp cdc phy kign od thé tach roi durge. Bua cé khéi lugng lén hon 10 kg phi chju ba va d4p tao ra bang cach dé bua dé dap lén ba mat b& tong. Bua bi 63 voi phy kién dai nhdt theo khuyén co cua nha ché tao, triv khi phy kién duge khuyén c4o nay dai hon 1 m. Trong trdng hgp nay, ba duge tht nghiém vi phy kién dai 1 m. Bua dirgc bd tri & tu thé thang dizng voi dau cla phy kién tya trén bé mat bé tong. Sau d6 bua duge cho dé theo ba hung khdc nhau lén bé mat bé téng. 20.5 Thay thé: ua duge xem nhu Ia dyng cy co nhidu khd nang cat vao day dién bi che khuat hodc cat vao ban than ngudn cla nd. Do dé, tay cdm va céc bé mat cam ndm, nhy qui dinh trong sé tay hudng dan, phai 1 4 ban co dé cung cp céch ign gitra ving cdm ndm va tryc dau ra. wem tra sy phi hyp bang thiy nghiém sau: Mot mau riéng ré, theo Iya chon ciia nha ché tao, phai chiu mot va éap Ién ting tay cdm va ting be mat chm ndm duoc khuyén cdo. B6i voi bua co khéi Ivgng dn 10 kg, cdc va dap durge thyc hign tir 4} cao 1 m én bd mat bé tong, 13TCVN 7996-2-6:2011 ‘pb: von bua 06 khdi lung ldn hon 10 kg. va dap du mat bé tong Bua bi 65 vai phy kién dai nhdt theo khuyén céo cia nl khuyén cdo dai hon 1 m. Trong truéng hop nay, bia duge tha nghiém vGi pI ‘hi tha va 6p, thd: nghiém 4d ban dién theo Didu 15 si dyng dign ap xoay chidu 1 250 V dat gida ‘gc thyc hign bang céch lam 48 bua 8 dap len ba hd ché tao, tir Khi phy kign duge hu kién dai tm. Sauk cac be mat cdm ném 66 boc I kim loai va truc éBu ra cua bua 21 Kétcdu Ap dung digu nay eda Phan 1, ngoai ra: 21.18 Bd sung Bua kid dap va bua kidu quay lam vite & ché 6 dap cb thé c6 cding tic cb co chu chét dé gitr nd & vi {ri “dong” Bdi voi cdc kiu bua nay, cOng tc phai ty dong mé chdt bang mdt tac dong duy nhét ma khong cn nhd tay khéi phan cdm ndm trén bia. Kiém tra su phi hgp bang cach xem xét va th: nghiém bang tay. i voi bia kidu quay, co cu gitr cing téc & vi tri dong, néu 06, phai duge dat bén ngoai ving cm ndm hoge duoc thidt ké sao cho khong cO khd nang bj chét khéng chi y bai tay cia ngudi sik dung trong khi thao tac bang tay tri Nogc tay phai theo dy kién. Ving c&m ném nay duro coi ia ving tibp xuic giv ban tay va bua trong khi ngon trd cua tay dé dang dat én nut bdm didu khién céng tac cua bua Kiém tra sy phu hop bang cach xem xét va bang th nghiém sau. Déi voi céng tac C6 nut khéa dé gitr 6 vj tri déng nm trong ving cdm nam, co cdu nay khong duge bj kich hoat bang mét dyng cy cb mép thang khi dung cu nay get qua gat Iai ngang qua co cu khéa theo hugng bat ky. Phan mép thang cia dung cu phai c6 dil chidu dai 6 bac ngang qua bé mat cia co chu gitr 6 vitri déng va ba mat bat ky lin ke voi co cdu nay. 22. Day dan bén trong Ap dung didu nay ca Phan 1 23 Linh kign Ap dung diéu nay cla Phan 1. 24 Diu ndi ngudn va day din mam bén ngoai ‘Ap dung ditu nay ciia Phan 1, ngoai ra:TCVN 7996-2-6:2011 24.4 Sia déi Thay thé doan dau bang ndi dung sau: Day ngudn khong dugc nhe hon cap mém cé vd boc polychloropren nang (60245 IEC 66) ho&c trong éuong, 25 Badu ndi ding cho day dan bén ngoai Ap dung diéu nay cia Phan 1. 26 Qui dinh cho néi dat ‘Ap dung digu nay ciia Phan 1 27 Vit va céc méi ndi Ap dung ditu nay cia Phan 1 28 Chidu dai dudng rd, khe h& khéng khi va khoang cach qua cach dign Ap dung digu nay cua Phan 1 29 Kha nang chju nhiét, chay va phéng dign bé mat Ap dyng diéu nay cia Phan 1. 30. Kha nang chéng gi Ap dung digu nay cia Phan 1. 31. Bie xa, tinh doc hai va cdc méi nguy tong ty Ap dyng ditu nay cua Phan 1TCVN 7996-2-6:2011 OE -. Mona = #8 ; -O- - CREP Mamas * 10 Ne Memax * (400 x 3) Wn Mamas * (400% 8) Nm Maman = (400 x 4) Nm Hinh 104 — Bua may cé mt tay camTCVN 7996-2-6:2011 Mamax * (400 x 2,) Nev am Mamax * (400 « 2,) Nem Mamay © (400 x 8) Nm Hinh 102 - Bua may cé6 hai tay camTCVN 7996-2-6:2011 Kleh thud tinh bing milimét 3 1 1 —— . 2-08, 6 7 « 7 . ° ' 10 CHU DAN ‘Ola bing cao su téng hop hoac v4 ligu co 3c tinh tang ty. 66 cizng Shore tir 70° dén 80", chidu day 10 mm, 6ybng kinh 75 mm Vai 66 dugc l6t polyamide, dugc didu chinh a lip vira voi tay cm cua bua may Miu LO xo 0 khi hoa khi nén G4 63t tye len mau Mai dot Bi thép t01 cung CO dung kinh 38 mm Tm truyén lie bang thép 161 cé khdi Ivgng M2 va Gung kinh D, ¢6 ranh & mat dudi nhu thé hign & bin vé chi nét ‘Bla bing cao su tng hop hodc vat ligu cd dac tinh twong ty, 6 cing Shore tir 70° dén 80°. chidu day tir 6 mm dén 7 mm, lép vira khit vao hdc. 9 86 thép khbs krong My. c6 hdc trén éuréng kinh én hon duréng kinh cila tém truyén ke 1 mm. Bay cla hdc tao rann nhur thé hign & ban ve chi tidt Kndibé tong duge 06 trén nen odt nen 11, Coc bang thép 64 ngan dich chuyén theo chidu ngang 12 BB mat va mép duoc lam nhdn Hinh 103 - Trang bj thir nghim bua may ~ouren STCVN 7996-2-6:2011 Néu can thiét dé co cdu dap lam viéc dn dinh thi c6 thé sir dyng mai dot va chudi thich hyp. Téng khéi luong cia mai dét va chudi phai nhé hon gia tri qui dinh trong bang dui day. ong sudt vao danh inh cua D a ™ m, My biamay Dwéngkinh | Khoang | Khéiiweng | Khdilugng | Tong khdt ca tim cach gira Gb thép tm truyén | lvgng cia truyinive | tim cia ye moi dot va ac ranh chu kg ‘On va bing 700 Trén 700 dén va bang 1 200 140 5.75 180 2,25 14 Tren 1200 dén va bang 1 800 180 5.0 270 38 23 ‘Trén 1 800 dén va bang 2 500 220 45 360 60 M4 Hinh 103 (két thac) 1920 TCVN 7996-2-6:2011 Ap dung céc phy lye cla Phin 1, ngodi ra: Che phy lyeTCVN 7996-2-6:2011 Phy luc K (qui dinh) Dung cy duge cp dign bing acqui va dan acqui K.1. 88 sung: Ap dung tat cd cdc didu ciia tiéu chudn nay néu khéng 6 qui dinh nao khac trong phy lye nay. K.8.12.1.1 Thay didu nay cia tiéu chudn nhw sau = Deo phurong tiin bao v6 tal. Tiéng dn cé thé lam gidm thinh lye. - Sir dyng (cc) tay cdm phy tre, néu tay cam nay duge cung cdp cing voi dyng cy. Mat kiém ‘sat 06 thé g4y thyong tich cho con ngudi. Khi thye hign thao tac ma phy kign cit cé thd cham vao day din bj che khudt, phdi cam dung cy dign tai cdc bé mat cdim nim duye cach dign. Phy kién cdt cham vao day din “mang Gign” cé thé lam cdc b} phan kim loai cla dung cy dign “mang dién” va cb thé gay dién giat cho ngudi van hanh. K.12.4 Khéng 4p dung 12.4 cia titu chudn nay. K.17.2. Khéng dp dyng 17.2 cua tiéu chudn nay. K.26.4 Khdng 4p dung 24.4 ca tigu chudn nay. 222 TCVN 7996-2-6:2011 Phy tye L (qui dinh) Dung cy durge cdp dign bang acqui va dan acqui cé ddu ndi ngudn Iudi hogc ngudn khéng cé cach ly L486 sung Ap dung tt cd cac didu oda tiéu chudn nay néu khéng cé qui dinh nao khdc trong phy Ic nay.TCVN 7996-2-6:2011 Thu mye tal Iigu tham khdo Ap dung thu myc tai igu tham khdo cia Phan 1.