Science Module I
During photosynthesis, light energy from
the sun rearranges the carbon, hydrogen.
and oxygen atoms present in water (H2O)
and atmospheric carbon dioxide (COr) into
molecules of glucose (C6Hl206), water
(HrO) and oxygen (Or). In other words,
photosynthesis converts inorganic molecules
(carbon dioxide and water), which have low
potential energy because of their lack of
carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds into an
organic molecule (glucose), which has high
potential energy because of its many C-H
bonds. This extraordinaryprocess drives all
life on earth. Any fuel that you ingest - be it
plant or animal - was originally manufac-
tured by the photosyrthesis process.
21. d. atoms
All matter is composed of small
particles, called atoms. Atoms have a
dense, small central part called the nucleus.
Two kinds of subatomic particles are found
in the nucleus. One is the proton, which
has a positive electrical charge. The other
is the neutron, which is neutral. The other
part of the atom is located outside the
nucleus. It consists of one or more
electrons in a constant motion in an
electron cloud. Each electron has a
negative electrical charge.
22. c. 24 - karat gold
An element is composed of a single type
of atom. From the choices, the 24-kar*
gold is the element since it contains only
gold (Au) atoms. Gold is a pure substance
that cannot be changed into a simpler
substance by ordinary chemical teatment.
Simulated College Admission Test
Water, salt and carbon dioxide are all
compounds since each is composed of 2
or more elements chemically joined. Their
chemical formulas are as follows:
water - HrO ( 2 H atoms, l O atom )
salt-NaCl(1Na, 1Cl)
carbon dioxide - COr( 1 C, 2 O )
23. b. two or more elements
A substance in which two or more
different elements are combined
chemically is called a compound. Just
as a sy_pbol represents each element, a
formrila represents a compound. The
chemical formula shows the number and
kind of each atom in a compound. HrO
is the formula for water. Water is made
of two atoms of Hydrogen and one atom
of Oxygen.
Chemical union of the following do
not result to the formation of compound,
instead...
a. electrons and a proton - subatomic
particles of an atom
c. a neutron and an atom - no particular
formation of any substance
d. a neutron and a proton - components
of the nucleus
24. b. salt
Table salt, or sodium chloride, has the
formula NaCl. It is made of one atom 26
of sodium and one atom of chlorine.
Mercury, carbon and oxygen are all
elements, each with a single type of atom.
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