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231220146R6VRCBVAnnexure documentofRiskAssessment
231220146R6VRCBVAnnexure documentofRiskAssessment
Disaster management is defined as the discipline of avoiding and dealing with natural risks. The whole
process involves a preparation plan for the impending disaster, action in response to a disaster, and
support and strength to rebuild a community after the occurrence of a disaster. Disaster management is
very important for any building. It makes the occupant aware of the various disasters possible in a
building, prevention & procedures, training in disaster management, and after-disaster procedures for
building objects.
In general, disaster management is a continuous process that aims to manage and minimize
hazards. Under disaster response, there are a variety of actions to take like evacuation quarantine, mass
decontamination, and the like. Disaster management has its own advantages. Some of these are:
Reduces the effects of a disaster's aftermath.
Gives the chance to survive, no matter what kind of a disaster occurs and irrespective of when it
occurs.
Gives you peace of mind from the uncertainties of close encounters to unexpected and dangerous
natural events.
For the incident which could affect For the incident which could affect
people and the environment inside people and the environment outside
Fig. 5.2:
.2: Types of Disaster Management Plan
Society In-charge/
Security In-charge
Security
Guard
Vulnerability mapping and coping mechanisms showing the vulnerable locations in the building
• Number of occupants in each floor (male, female, physically challenged, sick and ailing) to be
demarcated on the plan.
• Main switch board and the Electrical wires & various electrical equipment’s in the building.
The center will be equipped to receive and transmit information and directions from and to the
incident controller and other areas of the works, as well as outside.
Materials Required
• All the IEC (Information, Education and Communication) material available with the municipal
administration and other authorities in the form of posters, pamphlets, films, etc. on disaster
management.
• The team will require:
o Map of the building
o Evacuation Plan
o Information on number of floors, rooms, occupants
o Information on security and safety system in the building
o Contact information of nearest fire station, civil defense in-charge(s), nearest medical facility,
local Red Cross/fire brigade
• Master keys
• Signs to post and writing implements
• Identification badge or armband
Training Required
A through orientation on different aspects of Disaster Risk Management.
Building Walkthrough
When training new emergency staff members, particularly those who due to their responsibilities
have a need to understand all aspects of the building (for example, certain building security staff),
it is very helpful to take them on a tour of the building and its fire life safety features. These
building walk-through should be conducted systematically. A sample outline for touring a
hypothetical building and inspecting its fire life safety systems and equipment is given below:
• Walk the site.
Earthquake
• Follow the mitigation plan as given in Earthquake section of this DMP
• Practice drop, cover, and hold
• Evacuate building in less than 4 minutes using different exits
• Look out for colleagues, friends, etc.
• Stay away from weak areas
• Help those who need assistance
Flood Drill
• Follow the mitigation plan as given in Flood section of this DMP
• Listen to flood warning and recognize changes in weather
• Make announcements about precautionary measures
• Provide food, water, sheets, and beds in the place where people will assemble
• Explain how to remain safe outdoors
• Shift money and other valuables
• Put off electricity
• Remove or close down gas connections
Despite the fact that fires are rare occurrences, if one does occur, everyone in a building must react
quickly. In other emergencies, such as a winter storm or civil disturbance, the initial reaction to early
warnings of this type of emergency will not necessarily determine its impact on the building. In a fire
emergency, however, the first 3 to 4 minutes are critical. The timely handling of a fire emergency
according to sound procedures can help stop the event from rapidly becoming a major problem. Before
proceeding, it is helpful to understand the makeup of fire and the behavior of occupants when it occurs.
The recommended procedure for Handling of Fire Emergency is given below.
Fire Alarms
Fire alarms are significant systems in buildings. The primary purpose of a fire detection system is to
respond to a fire, and to transform this response into a visual-audible signal which should alert the
building's occupants and the fire department that a fire has been initiated. The fire detection system is
intended to respond to the initial signs, signals, or stimuli which indicate that a fire has begun.
Whenever a fire or a fire alarm occurs, all building occupants need to be alerted to the existence (or
possible existence) of fire to initiate emergency procedures. All occupants should be evacuated in a
prompt, safe, and orderly fashion according to procedures established in the Building Emergency
Procedures Plan.
In a fire alarm situation, occupants should never use elevators to evacuate because, if there is an actual
fire, they may malfunction because of heat and cause entrapment of passengers. This point is addressed in
the preceding section.
Occupant Actions
Generally, if occupants discover a fire they should:
• Notify anyone in the immediate area of danger
• Close doors to confine the fire/smoke, but not lock them
• Activate or request that someone else activate a manual fire alarm station
• Call the fire department by dialing 101, if this service is available. If another number is required, a
sticker showing this number should be on all telephones. The following information should be given
to the emergency service operator:
o Building name and address
o Nearest street
o Location of fire in the building (floor number, suite/room number)
o Caller's call-back telephone number
o The caller should not hang up until the emergency service operator does so.
• If time allows, call the Building Management Officer (or the Office of the Building) or security to
notify them of the fire
• Operate a portable fire extinguisher if trained and it is safe to do so, making sure to keep an
unobstructed escape route in case the fire enlarges
Use of Elevators
During a fire or fire alarm, evacuating occupants should never use an elevator whose shaft penetrates the
fire/ fire alarm floor.
The use of elevators is unsafe in a fire because:
• Persons may push a corridor button and wait for an elevator that may never respond, losing valuable
escape time
• Elevators do not prioritize car and corridor calls, and one of the calls may be at the fire floor
• Elevators cannot start until the car and hoist way doors close and panic could lead to elevator
overcrowding and door blockage, which would thus prevent closing
• Power can fail at any time during a fire, thus leading to entrapment
Evacuation Guidelines
Evacuation is complicated by the tendency most people have to leave buildings by the same route they
use to enter. Occupants should be taught the following evacuation guidelines:
• Try to stay as calm as possible
• React immediately. Move quickly but do not run
• Keep noise to a minimum and listen for instructions, particularly those over the PA system. Follow
the directions of Facility In-charges
• If there is smoke, crawl low, keeping the head above the floor, NFPA recommends keeping the head
12 to 24 inches above the floor. The air near the floor is cleaner because heat and smoke rise. If
necessary, place an article of clothing or a handkerchief over the mouth and nose to aid breathing. Do
not wet the fabric, as heat may result in steam being breathed into the lungs
• Do not smoke
Mitigation Plans
Basis / Concept of Design
The firefighting arrangement shall be designed as per the requirement of local guidelines, NFPA &
engineering design standard.
The entire fire safety installation shall be compliant with the most stringent codes/standard for the entire
Complex to ensure the highest safety standard and uniformity of system. Further, before property is
opened to public, the fire protection shall be fully operated and tested under simulated conditions to
demonstrate compliance with the most stringent standards, codes and guidelines.
At The Address, the Fire protection engineering works includes complete design, Engineering with
necessary design calculations, Fit – up details, Supporting details for the fire hydrant system, Hose Reel
system, Sprinkler system, Fire detection & Fire alarm system, first aid fire extinguishers.
At The Address, Fire and smoke alarm would be installed at every floor. Appropriate measures would be
taken for their proper functioning. The functioning of these fire alarms would be checked every week by
Heat Detector
A heat detector is a fire alarm device designed to respond when the convicted thermal energy of a fire
increases the temperature of a heat sensitive element. The thermal mass and conductivity of the element
regulate the rate flow of heat into the element. Heat Detector will be provided as will be Addressable Fire
alarm control Panel.
Smoke detector
A smoke detector is a device that detects smoke, typically as an indicator of fire. Commercial, industrial,
and mass residential devices issue a signal to a fire alarm system, while household detectors, known as
smoke alarms, generally issue a local audible and/or visual alarm from the detector itself. Smoke Detector
will be provided as will be Addressable Fire alarm control Panel.
Occupant Training
The occupiers of the proposed ‘The Address’ would be given demonstration about the measures to
be adopted during fire explained in the above paragraph. These measures would be provided by
qualified staffs (fire brigade staffs). A report of the same would be submitted by building manager to
M/s. Wadhwa Residency Pvt. Ltd. A separate provision of budget for the same shall be made as
DMP budget and be kept for any eventuality.
Evacuation Plan
Proper evacuation plan would be chalked for the building. The map for the evacuation plan would be
provided to all the occupiers.
Fig. 5.8
5.8: Fire Protection Signs as per ISO 7010
Failure of electrical power to building will have a serious impact on its operations, particularly if the
failure occurs during normal operating hours when the building is fully occupied. A power failure may be
a brownout (a partial reduction in service) or a total blackout.
Power failures also can cause computer memory loss and equipment damage. If the power loss is
anticipated, computers and computer systems can be shut down before it occurs. If no prior notice is
received, the equipment should still be turned off as quickly as possible to avoid potential serious damage
to the electrical system from the sudden surge of power when it is first restored. Computer systems,
particularly mainframes, often are equipped with an uninterruptible power supply (UPS); and personal
computers often are equipped with surge protectors to reduce the chance of damage when power
fluctuates, surges, or is lost.
Buildings
uildings have emergency and standby power systems to provid providee safety and comfort to building
occupants during interruptions in their normal power supply. These systems also provide power to operate
building communication systems and to provide a minimum number of elevator functions. Both functions
are critical to buildings
uildings during power failures.
A diesel generator is the combination of a diesel engine with an electrical generator (often called an
alternator) to generate electric energy. Diesel generating sets are used in places without connection to the
power grid or as emergency power-supply if the grid fails. The packaged combination of a diesel engine,
a generator and various ancillary devices (such as base, canopy, sound attenuation, control systems,
circuit breakers, jacket water heaters and starting system) is referred to as a generating set or a genset for
short.
Mitigation Plan
Aircraft Warning Lights
Aircraft warning lights are high-intensity lighting devices that are attached to tall structures that are used
as collision avoidance measures. Such devices make structures more visible to passing aircraft and are
Each natural disaster (earthquake, tsunami, volcano, winter storm, tornado, hurricane, or flood) requires a
separate life safety approach and should be independently covered in the Building Emergency Procedures
Manual.
EARTHQUAKE
Occupant Action
Earthquake Preparedness
Earthquake preparedness can be approached in three distinct phases—before, during, and after the
earthquake, for the occupants and the building in-charge.
Soil liquefaction, landslides, and fires are common results of major earth quakes. Liquefaction occurs in
areas where loose soils with a high water table are present. If the earthquake is a major one, public
firefighting capabilities will be severely strained because of extraordinary demands for service,
difficulties in transporting equipment along damaged or blocked roadways and freeways, and possible
disruption of the public water supply.
An earthquake may cause such serious damage to a building that for a time tenants cannot enter it at all,
or can enter only under certain conditions. The building should be secured and a recorded message
informing tenants of the situation placed on building management's voice-mail system or on a special toll-
free number. Tenants should be aware that such communications are provided for them to obtain
information about building operations, particularly during emergency situations.
Mitigation Plan
Design and choice of building materials have a major impact on a building's earthquake safety. Less
rigidity in buildings and a combination of flexing and tensile strength allows for more resistance to
earthquakes. Lightness of the building material reduces likelihood of injuries or of people becoming
trapped if the building does collapse.
BIS Codes that would be followed by M/s. Wadhwa Residency Pvt. Ltd. are:
Table demonstrates BIS codes for design of building materials.
Flood/Heavy Rainfall
Particularly in Mumbai, areas having poor drainage characteristic get flooded by accumulation of water
from heavy rainfall. Following precautions would be taken by M/s. Wadhwa Residency Pvt. Ltd. to
manage flood disasters:
M/s. Wadhwa Residency Pvt. Ltd. proposes:
a. Storm water system would be checked and cleaned periodically.
b. Mapping the areas within or leading in or out of the building that will be water logged, flooded or
isolated due to the flood. The areas will be marked after completion of the project (as final ground
levels etc. will be available after completion).
c. Dewatering pumps shall be installed at vulnerable locations.
Occupant Action
Flood Preparedness
The guide lists simple things one can do to stay safe and protect one from floods.
• Know the route to the nearest safe shelters that your area aware off.
• Keep the First Aid Kit ready with extra medication for snake bite and diarrhea
• Strong ropes for tying things
• A radio, torch and spare batteries
• Stocks of fresh water, dry food, candles, matchbox, kerosene etc.
• Umbrellas and bamboo sticks (to protect from snakes)
• Higher ground where people and animals can take shelter
Technologies to be installed
Sump pump
A sump pump is a pump used to remove water that has accumulated in water collecting sump pit,
commonly found in the basement of building. Sump pumps are used where basement flooding happens
regularly and to remedy dampness where the water table is above the foundation of a home. Sump pumps
send water away from a building to any place where it is no longer problematic, such as
a municipal storm drain or a dry well.
Lifeboat
A personal flotation device (abbreviated as PFD; also referred to as, life jacket, life preserver, life
vest, life saver, cork jacket, life belt, flotation suit, etc) is a device designed to assist a wearer, either
conscious or unconscious, to keep afloat with his or her mouth and nose (airway) of his or her head's face
above the water surface when in or on water. It is suggested to have PFD jackets for the Rescue (Disaster
Management team.
Quantity:
4-5 lifeboats will be kept in the service room or store room, which are adequate to evacuate people &
relocate them to a safer zone.
Security people will be responsible to operate the boat; however, during the drill session occupant will be
informed and trained about the usage and operation of the boat.
Mitigation Plans
Safety Procedure
To cope with a bomb incident, it is necessary to develop two separate but interdependent plans. The bomb
incident plan provides the detailed procedures to be implemented when a bombing attack is threatened or
executed. A physical security plan, which is covered in detail in the next section, provides protection of
property, personnel, facilities, and material against unauthorized entry, trespass, damage, sabotage, or
other illegal or criminal acts. In most instances, some form of physical security is already in existence,
although it may not necessarily be intended to prevent a bomb attack.
To carry out these plans, a definite chain of command must be established to instill confidence and avoid
panic. This is easy if there is a simple structure, or one business, in the building. However, in a multiple-
tenant building a representative from each tenant should attend a planning conference. A leader—the
Building or Property Manager, Fire Safety Director, or Director of Security—should be appointed and a
clear line of succession delineated. This chain of command should be printed and circulated to all
concerned parties. There should also be a command center to act as a focal point for telephone or radio
communications. The management personnel assigned to operate the center should have the authority to
decide what action is to be taken during the threat. Only those with assigned duties should be permitted in
the center, and alternates need to be appointed in case some-one is absent when a threat is received. In
addition, an updated blueprint or floor plan of the building should be obtained and kept in the command
center.
Contact the police department, fire department, or local government agencies to determine if any
assistance is available for developing a physical security plan or bomb incident plan. If possible, have
police or fire department representatives and building and tenant staff inspect the building for areas where
explosives are likely to be concealed; make a checklist of these areas for inclusion in command center
materials. Determine whether there is a bomb disposal unit available, how to contact the unit, and under
what conditions it will respond. You must also ascertain whether the bomb disposal unit, in addition to
disarming and removing the explosives, will assist in searching the building if a threat occurs.
Training is essential to deal properly with a bomb threat incident. Instruct all personnel, especially those
at any telephone switchboards, in what to do if a bomb threat is received. Be absolutely certain that all
personnel assigned to the command center are aware of their duties. The positive aspects of planning will
be lost if leadership is not apparent.
If possible, the command center should be located near the focal point for telephone or radio
communications. In any case, the search or evacuation teams must be able to keep the center informed of
their progress at all times. In a building, if the teams go beyond the communications network, the
command center must have the mobility to maintain contact and track search or evacuation efforts.
A calm response to the bomb threat caller could result in obtaining additional information. This is
especially true if the caller wishes to avoid injuries or deaths. If told that the building is occupied or
cannot be evacuated in time, the bomber may be willing to give more specific information on the bomb's
location, components, or method of initiation.
Vital Actions
The person making the threat is the best source of information about the bomb. When a bomb threat is
called in, the person taking the call should do the following:
• Keep the caller on the line as long as possible. Ask him or her to repeat the message. Record every
word spoken by the person. (Some building managers and individual tenants may provide audio
recorders for this purpose; others by policy do not)
• If the caller does not indicate the bomb's location or the time of possible detonation, ask for this
information.
• Inform the caller that the building is occupied and that detonation of a bomb could result in death or
serious injury to many innocent people.
• Pay particular attention to background noises such as motors running, music playing, and any other
noise that may give a clue as to the location of the caller.
• Listen closely to the voice (male or female), voice quality (calm or excited), accent, and any speech
impediment. Immediately after the caller hangs up, report the threat to the person(s) designated by
management to receive such information.
• Report the information immediately to the police department, fire department, and other appropriate
agencies. The sequence of notification should be established in the bomb incident plan.
• Remain available: Law enforcement personnel will want to interview you.
Evacuation
An evacuation team consisting of building management, the building Fire Safety officer, security, Facility
In-charge, and floor response personnel should be organized and trained. This should be coordinated with
all building tenants and designed in conjunction with developing the bomb incident plan. The team will
be trained in how to evacuate the building during a bomb threat. The order in which to evacuate—for
instance, by floor level should be established.
Evacuate the floor levels above and below the danger area to remove occupants from danger as quickly as
possible. Training in such an evacuation usually is made available by building management, with advice
supplied by local law enforcement and the fire department.
The evacuation team also may be trained in search techniques, or there may be a separate search team.
Volunteers should be sought for this function; however, Facility In-charge, search monitors, and the like
could be assigned to the task. To be proficient in searching the building, search personnel must be
thoroughly familiar with all hallways, restrooms, false ceiling areas, and other locations in the building
where an explosive or incendiary device could be concealed. When police officers or fire fighters arrive at
the building, its contents and floor plan will be unfamiliar to them if they have not previously
reconnoitered the facility. Thus it is extremely important for the evacuation or search team to be
thoroughly trained and familiar with both the inside of the building and immediate outside areas. When a
room or particular area has been searched, it should be marked or sealed with a piece of tape and reported
as clear to the appropriate supervisor.
The team will be trained only in evacuation and search techniques and not in the techniques of
neutralizing, removing, or otherwise having contact with the device. If a device is located, it should not be
disturbed. However, its location should be well marked and the route to it noted.
Technologies to be installed:
SECURITY SYSTEMS
Access Control:
• The traffic in the residential area comprises
o Family members of residents
o Regular servants
o Vendors
o Visitors to the residents
o Representatives of public bodies, couriers companies etc.
o The traffic could be mobile or pedestrian
• The control is at the main entry gate. Entries are controlled as follows:
i) Family Members Pedestrian • Recognition
• Distinct identity card for each member
• ID through a card reader and pass thru’ a turn style.
Automobile • Recognition of car
• Car Pass
• Car Pass through a card reader opening the boom gate.
• Car parked in the allotted slot in the car park.
MITIGATIONS:
• Comprehensive document with simple illustrations shall be prepared for use by all the stake-holders
of the building.
• Building emergencies preparedness manual shall be prepared, which provides the mitigation plan for
all the disasters such as fire, explosion, power failure and other natural disasters.
• Major risks in the complex will be due to natural calamities like earthquake, flooding and others such
as fire and accidental hazards. All precautions shall be taken to control these risks and a well-planned
Disaster Management Plan is prepared, and the individual disaster mitigation plan has been
mentioned in the report.
• Separate manual for training of the occupants shall be formed.
• Refuge area and evacuation point for each floor shall be prepared and will be shared with the
occupant on handing over of the building.
• Disaster Management System Software will be implemented for the facility to effectively manage and
plan the response & recovery, for any disaster or casualty.
• All the required safety systems and signage shall be provided in the building.
• All system piping related to Firefighting need to be colour coded in "Red" and all the valves be
numbered and marked as per the drawings.
• All the rooms and compartments having Firefighting equipment and controls be marked in red photo
luminescent paint /stickers.
• The location of keys for the closed spaces is centrally available for quick action.
When the disaster situation is localised at ward level and can be managed locally, the ‘F/South’ ward
plan will come into operation. However, a disaster situation may cover the entire city which would
call for co-ordination of activities not only at the city level but also at the ward level.
The response structure given in the ward plan essentially limits itself to micro-level intervention.
When more than one ward are affected, BMC control room which is the co-ordinating authority,
would expect the ward officers to co-ordinate the activities at the ward level with the line agencies
such as Fire Brigade, Police etc. The responsibilities for all the ward level functionaries have been
identified by M.C.G.M. Details of ‘D’ ward officer’s responsibilities will be available on the
following link: http://www.karmayog.com/floods/mumbai_n ward_plan.htm
Conclusion
M/s. Wadhwa Residency Pvt. Ltd. will periodically review and update the Disaster Management Plan and
will take the initiative to institutionalize the relationship between all Emergency Security and Rescue
Forces (e.g. Police, Municipality, Fire Brigade, Medi-Care Centres etc.)