BADMINTON

Brief Historical Background

Badminton is traceable to India, where it was known as “Poona”. English army
officers introduced the game in England around 1870. The original Indian rules
governed the activity until 1887 when the Bath Badminton Club laid down its own
regulations.
After being introduced in the US in 1890, a wave of popularity carried it to its
present status. Then, the game is controlled by the American Badminton
Association.
“ Badimintin “ England
“ Hanetsuki “ Japan
“ Poona “ india

Nowadays, badminton can be defined as a court game that can be played either
singles or doubles by men, women, or mixed pairs. It can be played either indoors
or on outdoor courts as a fun game or at a highly competitive level.
It is a racket sport played either two (2) opposing players or two (2) opposing
pairs who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court divided by a
net
A rally ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor, or if a fault has been called
by either the umpire or service judge or, in their absence, the offending player, at
any time during the game.
The International Badminton Federation (IBF) (now known as Badminton World
Federation) was established in 1934 with Canada, Denmark, England, France, the
Netherlands, Ireland, New Zealand, Scotland, and Wales as its founding members.

Badminton was included in Olympic Games in 1992.

Game Objective-The objective of the game is to hit the shuttlecock over the net
so that eventually the opponent is unable to return the sport.
Terminologies
All-All means tie.
Back Alley-Area between the back boundary line and the long service line for
doubles.
Baseline-Back boundary line at each end of the court that runs parallel to the net.
Bird / Birdie-Another name for the shuttlecock.
Block-The block is hit in response to a smash. It is generally used to drop the
shuttle over the net slightly in the opponent’s court..
Carry-An illegal tactic, also called a sling or throw, in which the shuttle is caught
and held on the racket and then slung during the execution of a stroke.
Court-Area of play, as defined by the outer boundary lines.
Clear or Lob-The lob shot in Badminton can be imagined as a shot with an
inverted “U” trajectory.
It is normally played from the forecourt with an aim to lift or lob the shuttle over
the opponent. The idea is to land it as near to the baseline as it is, at an angle that
is impossible to clear.
This is like drop in challenging the opponent with sudden motion backwards this
time.
It can also be executed by both backhand and forehand. This generally results in
the creation of space on the front and midcourt, opening plenty of opportunities

Court-Area of play as defined by the outer boundary lines.

Deuce-When both players have reached 20-20, it is termed as deuce.
Drive-A fast and low shot that makes a horizontal flight over the net.
Drop-A shot hit slowly and with fitness to fall rapidly and close to the net on the
opponent’s side.
Drop Shot-Badminton drop shots are delicate badminton shots that can win you
points that aim at scoring points in deception.
Played with both backhand and forehand, these are used to move the opponent
to the frontcourt. This creates space in the mid court and backcourt for you to
exploit.
These are slow and fast drop shots, played judging the situation.
Fault-A violation of the playing rules, either in serving, receiving, or during play.
Flick-A quick wrist and forearm rotation that surprises an opponent by changing
an apparently soft shot into a faster passing one; used primarily on the serve and
at the net.
Half Court Shot-A shot hit low and to midcourt, used effectively in doubles against
the up and back formation.
Forecourt-Front third of the court, between the net and the shot service line.
Kill-Fast, downward shot that cannot be returned; a “put away”.
Let-A let is called to end teh rally to replay the point, the score doesn’t change
and the same server serves again to the same receiving player.
Love-Love means zero (0).
Game or Set-A badminton match consists of 3 sets (or games). The player(s) who
wins 2 sets (or games) will be the winner of the match.
Match-A match consists of the best of 3 games of 21 points. Player wins 2 game
with the game.
Net Shot-Shot hit from the forecourt that just clears the net and drops sharply.
Shot made from below and very close to the net with the shuttle rising, just
clearing dropping sharply down the other side. The shuttle’s flight approximates
the shape of a hairpin.
Push Shot-Gentle shot played by pushing the shuttle with little wrist motion,
usually from net or midcourt.
Rally-A rally is won when a shuttle is hit over the net and onto the floor of the
opponent’s court.
Service-Players put the shuttlecock in play for points by “serving” it to
opponent’s, hitting it over the net into a special part of the court near their
opponent.
Service Court-Area into which the serve just be delivered. Different for singles and
doubles play.
Server & Receiver-The server is the player who starts off the point by hitting the
shuttlecock over the net to their opponent. Receiver the person receiving the
serve.
Short Service-During a badminton serve, if the shuttle falls outside the boundaries
at the front of the court we call it “short service”.
Long Service-And if the shuttle falls outside the boundaries behind the court we
call it “long service”.
Smash-When a shuttle is floated high into the air, a player has time to unleash a
powerful overhand shot straight to the floor of the opposing court.
If the most potent and powerful stroke in badminton which naturally turns out to
be the most familiar term to all.
The shot is basically to hit the shuttle powerfully towards the opponent’s body or
downward on the court. 
Forehand Smash-Is an overhead smash which is similar to the action of throwing
a ball.
Backhand Smash-This is one of the toughest stroke in badminton and even
experts face difficulty in playing the stroke still it is important to practice and get
the technique to rise in the skill level.
To execute this stroke, getting the backhand grip is extremely important. Also, it is
equally important to return back to stance.
 Jumping Smash-A forehand smash with a timed jump added to it counted under
jumping smash.
Stance-The stance is how you stand while playing badminton, both in between a
rally and before the serve.
Attacking Stance-It is used to get into position before playing an overhead
forehand stroke.
To stand in the attacking stance turn your body facing the sidelines with racket leg
behind and both legs shoulder-width apart.
Now raise both racket and non-racket arm to generate the power to attack the
shuttle on its downward trajectory.
Defensive Stance-Face the body to the net and place your racket in front at waist
height, slightly pointing forward.
You can keep the non-racket arm as comfortable while ensuring a better balance.
Net Stance-The stance is to be ready for the opponent’s return after playing a net
shot.
Place your foot on the racket side forward while keeping non-racket foot at the
back. Place the racket in front of the body, slightly above waist height while
raising the non-racket arm. Shift the body weight slightly forward to be ready to
pounce forward.
Facilities & Equipment
Stringed Area
Stringed Area- is extended to hit the shuttle. 280mm in length and
220mm in width
Head- bounds the stringed area.
Throat- connects the shaft to the head.
Handle- is intended for a player’s grip.
Butt- is located at the tip of the handle
Frame- includes the head, the throat, the shaft, and the handle.
Feathered Shuttle -consists of 16 goose feathers.
Its length is 62-70 mm
Cork or Base-Shall be 25-28 mm in diameter and is rounded on the
bottom.
Post-The posts shall be 1.55 meters in height from the surface of the
court and shall remain vertical when the net is strained.
Net -is the central gameplay element in a game of Badminton, requiring players
to return the shuttlecock from one side of the court to the other during the
match.
 Court Dimension

Forehand & Backhand Grips

G R I P- The wrapping of fingers around the handle of the racket.
(The right grip in holding the racket is important to achieve control on shots while
avoiding the chances of a wrist injury.)
Forehand Grip- Popularly known as handshake grip for it means the palm to be
parallel to the face of the racket.
Backhand Grip- This slightly modified version of the forehand grip. It can be
varied depending on the type of shot being hit
 Forehand Grip
guidelines to Insure a Proper Forehand Grip
 Grasp the handle while the racket is at right
angle to the ground.
 Wrap the thumb around the inside of the hands.
 Close the hand around the inside of the hands.
 Make a “V” with thumb and forefinger exactly on
top of the handle.
 Relax hand until grip feels comfortable.
 Wrist should be free to swing the racket easily.

Backhand Grip

Guidelines to Insure a Proper Backhand

Grip
 Begin with a forehand grip, turn your hand one bevel (slant or inclination)
in the direction that will place more of the thumb behind the wide back
surface.
 Place the inside edge of the thumb on the narrow bevel a the top back of
the grip when hitting returns.
 Place the thumb print on the wide back surface of the grip when making
net shot or front court or when executing the short backhand service.
Strokes & Service
S T R O K E- Refer to striking patterns (underhand, overhand/overhead and
side arm). These may be executed from either the forehand or backhand
side of the body.
S H O T- The word shot is used to differentiate flight patterns of the shuttlecock
according to trajectory or elevation and depth.
Strokes- Badminton offers a wide variety of basic strokes, and players require a
high level of skill to perform all of them effectively. All strokes can be played
either forehand or backhand
Forehand Stroke- Refer to any shot struck on the side of the body.
Backhand Stroke- Refer to any shot struck on the side away from the racket (left
side for right-handed and the right side for the left-handed.
Each stroke, whether forehand or backhand, has three parts:
Backswing-involves all movement of the body away from the target.
Hitting Action- Includes all forward motion until the racket contacts the shuttle.
Follow-through- Involves all movement from contact until the player is back able
to await the opponent’s next shot.
Clear- A shot used to drive your opponent away from the net or forecourt or to
slow the game. The bird should fly above the opponent’s reach and fall within one
foot of the baseline.
High overhand shot where the player hits the shuttlecock from one end of the
court to the other end.
Smash- An attacking shot made at the limit one’s upward reach and slightly in
front of the shoulder. Now of contact, the arm and wrist come down forcibly.
Smash shot hit with power and speed downwards to your opponent’s court.
Attacking shot.
Drive Shot- A flat shot kept as low as possible and is second only to the smash as
an attacking shot.
Drop Shot- Any shot that drops immediately after crossing the net. The descent of
the bird is controlled with little follow-through.
Net Shot- Any shot played as near to the net as possible, controlled by wrist and
forearm. The hairpin is an example of a net shot.
Serves- It is the stroke used to initiate play. It is the act of putting the bird or
shuttlecock into a play.
Service officially starts the game competition.
Technique
Badminton technique are the key to success in winning badminton matches. No
equipment can replace badminton skills in on court.
Wrist Work- Badminton wrist action is extremely important producing powerful
shot. Good wrist movement maximizes power and improves control over the
direction of the shuttle.
Footwork & Position- The footwork will be a chasse on the side and the sequence
will be left foot into the right foot is taken out sideways away from the left.
Body Control- Body balance or Body Control is important for: Quality Shots: In
order to produce high-quality badminton shots, you must have good balance.
Mechanics & Rules
1. A game can take place with either two (singles) or four (doubles) players
2. An official match must be played indoors on the proper court dimensions.
3. To score a point the shuttlecock must be hit within parameters of the
opponent’s court.
4.  If the shuttlecock hits the net or lands out, then a point is awarded to your
opponent.
5. 5. Players must serve diagonally across the net to their opponent.
6. 6. A serve must be hit underarm and below the server’s waist. No overarm
serves allowed
7. 7. Each game will start with a toss determine which player will serve first
and which of the court the opponent would like to start from.
8. 8. Once the shuttlecock is “live” then a player may move around the court
as they wish. They are permitted to hit the shuttlecock from out of the
playing area.
9. 9. If a player touches the net with any part of their body or racket then it is
deemed a fault and their opponent receives the point.
10.10. A fault also called if a player deliberately distracts their opponent, the
shuttlecock is caught in the racket then flung, the shuttlecock is hit twice.
11.Each game is umpired by a referee on a highchair who overlooks the game.
There are also line judges who monitor if the shuttlecock lands in or out.
12.Let may be called by the referee if an unforeseen or accidental
circumstance arose. These may include the shuttlecock getting stuck in the
racket, server serving out of turn, one player was not ready.
13. The game has only two rest periods coming in the form of a 90 second rest
after first game and a 5-minute rest period after the second game.
14. If the laws are continuously broken by a player, then the referee holds the
power to dock that player of points with persisting fouls receiving a forfeit
of the set or even the match.
Scoring System
 All singles and doubles matches are the best of three games. The first side
to 21 points wins a game.
 The side winning a rally adds a point to its score.
  At 20 -all, the player/pair which first gains a 2-point lead wins that game.
 At 29-all the side scoring the 30th point wins that game.
 Whichever teams wins the rally serves next.
 Every time there is a serve, there is a point scored.
 When the score is odd number you serve from the left box, if even from the
right service box.
Fault
The Shuttle at the instant of being hit is higher than the server’s waist or
the head of the racket is higher than the server’s racket hand.
 The Shuttle does not land in the correct service court.
 The server’s feet are not in the service court or if the feet are not in the
court diagonally opposite the serve.
 The server steps forward as he serves.
 A server or shot that lands outside the court boundaries passes under or
through the net touches any other obstructions or a player body or
clothing. The boundary and the service lines are considered in play
 The shuttle in play is struck before it crosses the net to the striker’s side of
the net. You may follow through over the net.
 A player touches the net or its support with his body or racket while the
shuttle is in play.
 The shuttle hit twice on succession by a player or team.
Rules of the Game
PLAYERS 01
“Player” applies to all those taking part in a match.
The game shall be played, in the case of doubles, by two players a side, or in the
case of singles, by one player a side.
The game shall be played, in the case of doubles, by two players a side, or in the
case of singles, by one player a side
TOSS
 Before commencing the play, the opposing sides shall toss and the side
winning the toss shall exercise the choice in either Law 2.1.1 or Law 2.1.2
 To serve or receive first
 To start play at one end of the court or the other. The side losing the toss
shall then exercise the remaining choice.
 SCORING
o The opposing sides shall play the best of three games unless
otherwise arranged.
o Only the serving team can add a point to its score.
 In doubles and Men’s singles, a game is won by the first side to score 15
points, except as provided in Law 3.6
o In Ladies’ singles, a game is won by the first side to score 11 points,
except as provided in Law 3.6.
o if the becomes 13 all 14 all (19 or 10) shall have the choice of
“setting” or “not setting” the game (Law 3.6)
 This choice can only be made when the score is the first reached and must
be made before the next service is delivered.
o The relevant side (Law 3.5.1) is given the opportunity to set at 14 all
(10 all in Ladies’ singles) despite any previous decision not to set by
that side or the opposing side at 13 all (9 all in Ladies’ singles)
o If the game has been set, the score is called “Love All” and the side
first scoring the set number of points (Law 3.6.1 to 3.6.4) wins the
game.
o 13 all setting to 5 points
o 14 all setting to 3 points
 9 all setting to 3 points
 10 all setting to 2 points
CHANGE OF ENDS
o Players shall change ends.
o at the end of the first game:
o Prior to the beginning of the third game (if any); and
SERVICE COURT ERRORS
 A service court error is made when a player
 Has served out of turn;
 Has served from the wrong service court; or
FAULTS
 If a service is not corrected (law 5.1)
 If the server, is attempting to serve, misses the shuttle;
 If after passing over the net on service, the shuttle is
caught in or on the net;
 If in play, the shuttle:
 Lands outside the boundaries of the court
 Passes through or under the net;
 Fails to pass the net
 Touches the roof, ceiling or slide walls;
 Touches the person or dress of a player; or
 Touches any object or person outside the immediate surroundings of the
court;
 If, in play, the shuttle is hit twice in succession by the same
player with two strokes;
 Is hit by a player and the player’s partners successively.

LET
“Let” is called by the Umpire, or by a player (if there is
no Umpire) to halt play.
 A “let” may be given for any unforeseen or accidental
occurrence.
 If a shuttle, after passing over the net, is caught in or on
the net, it is a let except during service.
 If a server serves before the receiver is ready it shall be a
“let”
 If during play, the shuttle disintegrates and the base
completely separates from the rest of the shuttle, it shall
be a “let”.
 If a line Judge is unsighted and the Umpire si unable to
make a decision, it shall be a “let”.
 When a “let” occurs, the play since the last service shall
not count, and the player who served shall again, except
when the Law 8 is applicable.
 The referee is in overall charge of the tour name or
event of which a match forms part.
 The Umpire, where appointed, is in charge of the match,
the court and its immediate surrounds. The Umpire shall
report of the Referee, In the absence of a Referee, the
Umpire shall report instead to the responsible official…
 The service judge shall call service faults made by the
server should they occur (Law 5).
 OFFICIALS AND APPEALS
 A line Judge shall indicate whether a shuttle is “in”
or “out”
An Umpire shall:
 Uphold and enforce the Laws of Badminton and
especially call a “fault” or “let” should either
occur, without appeal being made by the players;
 Give a decision on any appeal regarding a point of
dispute, if made before the next service is
delivered;
 Ensure players and spectators are kept informed
of the progress of the match”
 Appoint or remove Line Judges or a Service Judge
in consultation with the Referee:
 Not overrule the decision of the Line Judges and
the Service Judge on points of fact: