PEH1

MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS OF LIFESTYLE ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO/SIDESTREAM

DISEASES SMOKE
Smoke puffed out by smokers
WHO'S WESTERN PACIFIC REGION
Declares noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) THIRD-HAND SMOKE
as the top killers in the Philippines Cigarette offshoots which is attached to the
smokers’ hair and clothing
NCDs
Non-infectious illnesses but can be inherited WHY DO PEOPLE START SMOKING?
or developed based on individual’s lifestyle Parental Role Model
Heart disease, cancer, liver cirrhosis, chronic Adolescent Experimentation and Rebellion
renal failure, obesity, stroke and type 2 Depression
diabetes Limited Education
Weight Control
LIFESTYLE DISEASES Aggressive Marketing
Individual’s usual routine, food intake, vices Stress
or way of life Addiction
Affected by vices like smoking, drug use,
alcohol consumption and physical inactivity WHY DO PEOPLE KEEP SMOKING?
Pleasure
SMOKING Fear of weight gain
Impairs the function of the cardiovascular and Nicotine Dependence
respiratory system Use of other substances
Accelerates atherosclerosis and destroys the
cilia in the lungs DIETARY HABITS
Usual choices of food that people make
SMOKE
Hydrogen cyanide (used for gas chambers), POOR DIETARY HABITS
insecticides, methanol and butane fuels, Under consumption and overconsumption of
benzene (causes leukemia), cadmium, and unhealthy food
formaldehyde (used for embalming)
PRINCIPLES OF GOOD NUTRITION
TOBACCO
Tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide are ADEQUACY
substances of this which are harmful to health Moderate amounts of nutrients to maintain
normal body function
TAR
Toxic substance that is carcinogenic and BALANCE
accumulates inside the respiratory system Correct combination of nutrients

NICOTINE VARIETY
Toxic chemical compound that mostly consists Consumption of different types of food
nitrogen products

CARBON MONOXIDE HEALTH PROBLEMS

Poisonous chemical Obesity
Tooth decay
KINDS OF TOBACCO SMOKE High blood pressure
High cholesterol
MAINSTREAM SMOKE Heart disease and stroke
Lit cigarette that is both inhaled and exhaled Type 2 diabetes
AKA “first-hand smoke” Osteoporosis
Certain types of cancer
Depression
Eating disorders

PEH Page 1
PEH2
SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE ANGINA PECTORIS
Lacks the recommended level of regular Chest pain from narrowed coronary arteries
physical activity
RHEUMATIC FEVER
ACCORDING TO CENTERS FOR DISEASE Immune system attacks the heart and can
CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC) cause fever, weakness and damage to its
CHILDREN & ADOLESCENT (6-17 yrs) - 60 valves
mins. or more of moderate-to-vigorous Permanent damage known as rheumatic heart
intensity physical activity daily disease
ADULT (18-64) - At least 150 mins. a week of
moderate intensity activity & at least 2 days a HEART RHYTHM ABNORMALITIES
week of activities that strengthen muscles /ARRYTHMIA
OVER ADULTS (65 older) – Activities to Irregular heart rhythm brought about by faulty
improve balance electrical conduction system

PHYSICAL INACTIVITY CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

Leading risk factors of death worldwide Heart is not able or below its normal capacity
to pump blood
TYPES OF DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH
UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLE CANCER
Cells divide in an uncontrolled pace which
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE can form a tumor
Disease of the heart and blood vessels
COMMON TYPES OF CANCER
TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES BREAST CANCER
LUNG CANCER
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS PROSTATE CANCER
Arteries to harden and thicken COLON CANCER

ATHEROSCLEROSIS MALIGNANT TUMOR

Type of arteriosclerosis where deposited fat Spread to invade and destroy nearby tissues
hardens and becomes plaque on arterial walls and body parts which is called metastasis
process
CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked BENIGN TUMOR
Increase in size but do not invade
HEART ATTACK
Cardiac muscle failure due to lack of blood
flow

PEH Page 2
PEH3
4 MAJOR CATEGORIES OF CANCER
CARCINOMA
Invasive malignant tumor from epithelial tissue
Cancers of skin, breast, uterus, prostate, lung
GESTATIONAL DIABETES
Occurs in certain pregnant individual
Usually regresses after childbirth but has
higher chances of developing into type 2
diabetes

SARCOMA CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE

Connective or supportive cancer Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)
LYMPHOMA Breathlessness, chronic cough, and excessive
Arises in cells of the lymphatic or the immune mucus production
system tissues characterized by abnormal
production of white cells and decrease in GUIDELINES TO HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
resistance Eat Healthy Food
Do daily routines of Physical Activity
LEUKEMIA Do not smoke
Cancer of the blood or bone marrow specified Drink moderate amounts of alcohol only
by an abnormal production of blood cells, Manage stress
usually leukocytes
GOVERNMENT PROGRAM AND POLICIES
DIABETES/DIABETES MELLITUS
Resulting from a condition of the body of not PILIPINAS GO4HEALTH
being able to produce or effectively use insulin Nationwide lifestyle movement
Causes kidney damage, blindness,
atherosclerosis GO SMOKE-FREE
Highlights the bad effects of smoking
INSULIN
Hormone that is produced in the pancreas which GO SLOW SA TAGAY
regulates the utilization of glucose
Advocates the use of alcoholic drinks in
moderation
TYPES OF DIABETES

TYPE 1 DIABETES GO SUSTANSYA

Insulin- reliant diabetes because the body Aims to prevent hypertension and
produces little or no insulin at all cardiovascular diseases
Increase thirst, frequent urination, continuous
hunger, weight loss, blurred vision & tiredness GO SIGLA
Usually occurs in children and young adults Emphasizes on regular exercise at least 3-4x a
week
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Manageable through oral medication and a
lifestyle based on diet and exercised
programs

PEH Page 3
PEH4
NUTRIENTS
Important food substances

TYPES OF NUTRIENTS
Water
Protein
Carbohydrates
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals

MACRONUTRIENTS
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins and water

ESSENTIAL IMPORTANCE SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF

NUTRIENTS
PROTEINS Growth, building andrepair of body
tissues
Maintain muscle mass and strength
CARBOHYDRA Main source of energy
TES Maintain blood glucose level
Maintains blood glucoselevel
FATS Immune system function
Storage and use of vitamins
Energy for long endurance events
Essential for wound healing
WATER Helps to produce saliva
Helps in the regulation of body
temperature
Protects tissues, spinal cord, and joints
by lubricating them
Aids in the removal of wastesthrough
sweat
DEFICIENCY
Ridges or white lines in both
finger and toe nails; hair loss or
brittle hair; muscle deterioration
Irritability, nausea, bad breath,
muscle cramps, excess fatigue,
increase in body fat, deficit in
body sodium and water,
constipation & regular
headaches
Skin problems - dryness &
dermatitis
Slow growth and wound healing
High susceptibility to infections
and
frequent sickness
Loss of body weight, loss of hair
Sensitivity to cold
Headache
Dehydration
Fatigue
Improper bowel functions

PEH Page 4
PEH5
MICRONUTRIENTS
Vitamins and minerals

ESSENTIAL IMPORTANCE SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF

NUTRIENTS DEFICIENCY
VITAMIN A Help the body function properly and Defective eye functions & vision,
immunity resulting in night blindness
Helps maintain normal vision, healthy skin, Keratomalacia, an eye disorder
hair, teeth, and bones caused by severe vitamin A
deficiency, which makes the cornea
soft and cloudy
VITAMIN B Helps in energy production Inflammation of skin and rashes
Takes part in the process of glycogen Depression, enteritis, heartburn,
breakdown, known as glycogenolysis hypersensitivity, peripheral
Helps in the formation of proteins and red neuropathy, lysis of red blood cells,
blood Corpuscles and anemia such as megaloblastic
anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency
anemia
VITAMIN C- Helps in growth and repair of cells and Fatigue, rashes, bleeding gums
ASCORBIC tissues Causes scurvy
ACID Essential for the formation of blood
vessels, collagen, and cartilages
VITAMIN D Regulation of calcium and phosphate in the Fatigue, pain in bones, softening of
body bones, brittle bones and teeth
Maintenance of healthy bones and teeth Causes rickets and osteomalacia
VITAMIN E Required for proper functioning of organs Anemia, muscle weakness &
in the body damage, dry skin
Acts as an antioxidant Loss of hair
Protects cells from oxidative damage
VITAMIN K Acts as an important factor in blood Excessive bleeding during an
clotting injury, delayed wound healing
Helps in building of bones
MINERALS Essential for production of iron containing Reduced levels of healthy red blood
IRON proteins such as hemoglobin & myoglobin cells, anemia, dizziness, fatigue,
Helps in transport of oxygen through delayed development in children
blood
Regulation of biochemical reactions by
acting as cofactors to enzymes catalyzing
the reactions
Prevents anemia
ZINC Essential for the proper functioning Impaired immune function, delayed
of immune system, reduces inflammation wound healing, reduced senses of
and promotes wound healing smell and taste, loss of appetite,
Promote senses of smell and taste retarded growth, impotence, &
delayed sexual maturity

PEH Page 5