Understanding Culture,

Society and Politics

Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Nature, Goals and Perspectives in
Anthropology, Sociology and
Political Science
Understanding Culture Society and Politics
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Nature, Goals and Perspectives in Anthropology, Sociology and Political
Science [MELC1]
First Edition, 2020

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Alfonso V. Mabuting
Johncent Roy C. Tibordo
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Understanding Culture
Society and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Nature, Goals and Perspectives in
Anthropology, Sociology and
Political Science
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics for Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module on Nature, Goals and Perspectives in Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science
(MELC 1).
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and
private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards
set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in
schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities
at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st
century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help
you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need
to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included
in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics for Grade 11 Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on Nature, Goals and Perspectives in Anthropology, Sociology and Political
Science (MELC 1).

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill,
action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in
this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully
achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success
lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and
independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of
the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the lesson
to take. If you get all the answers correct
(100%), you may decide to skip this module.
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What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

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What’s More
This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
What I Have Learned
This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

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 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to

you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.
At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.
The following are some
reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use
a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the
module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this
material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant
competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the nature
of Understanding Culture Society and Politics. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order
in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module is about the Nature, Goals and Perspectives in Anthropology, Sociology and Political
Science

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the nature, goals, and perspectives in anthropology, sociology and political
science;
2. Recognize the concepts and the subjects of inquiries of anthropology, sociology and
political science; and
3. Appreciate the importance of the goals of anthropology, sociology and political science.

What I Know

General Direction: Read the following items carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
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For numbers 1-4, identify the branch of science described in each item. Choose your answer from the
given choices below:

a. Anthropology b. Sociology c. Political Science

1. This is the study of society, patterns of social interactions, and culture of everyday life.
2. Its goal is to look for the similarities and differences among the cultures of societies around
the world. In doing so, we could be able to understand more about human nature, and be
more tolerant on other people’s behavior and actions.
3. If we want to know why certain social phenomena happened, such as the television program
Eat Bulaga’s Kalyeserye gaining millions of tweets worldwide, this field of social science
answers these occurrences.
4. Its main concern is to learn how to use power over others to maintain social order and
harmony among citizens.

For numbers 5-8, identify the most appropriate discipline to be used in the following research
scenarios and recent development that happened in our country. Choose your answer from the
given choices below:

a. Anthropology b. Sociology c. Geography d. Political Science

5. Preservation of cultural diversity and respect for traditions in this period of globalization
6. Exchange of culture and ideas in the macro level and breakdown of families in the micro level
as a result of economic migration by Filipino workers
7. Framing legislative policies abolishing or limiting political dynasties all over the
Philippines.
8. Referendum was held in selected provinces comprising the old Bangsamoro republic for the
ratification of the Bangsamoro Organic Basic Law. This was done to promote development,
peace, and order in their locality.

For numbers 9-15, choose the best answer for each item.
9. A researcher chose to write about indigenous people in Mindanao and he described them
using some concepts such as kinship, gender and power. He tried to compare them to other
groups of people. Which of the following fields of science did the statement above portray?
a. Anthropology c. Political science
b. History d. Sociology
10. It entails political ideas, ideologies, institutions, policies, processes, laws, strategy, and war.
a. Anthropology c. Sociology
b. Philosophy d. Political science
11. Food habits like the way of cooking foods, habits of dressing up, relationship with family
members or with in-laws, and many others are some of the focuses of this anthropological
field.
a. Biological anthropology c. Cultural & social anthropology
b. Archaeology d. Linguistics
12. Society and culture is indeed connected with one another, all encompassing, meaning we
visualize culture and society as a complex whole. The following descriptions below clearly
explain how culture, society, and politics are interrelated with one another, except for one.
Which description is it?
a. People interact meaningfully with one another and observe social norms as members of
the society.
b. The culture of a society encompasses the meaningful processes and products of social
interactions.
c. People interact in society as individuals and as group with duties and privileges.
d. Members of the society are not active in the engagement in political activities.

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 13. Which of the following statement is NOT a definition of the word anthropology?
a. This is the study of ancient societies and their cultural traditions.
b. It comes from the Greek words anthropos meaning “humankind,” and logos meaning
“study.”
c. It studies the ways in which cultural traditions of different groups of people have
changed over the years.
d. This deals with the scientific study of human interactions, social groups and
institutions, and the whole society.
14. In social science, the study of the biological evolution of man is important because it provides
explanations on the reason behind the biological variations among contemporary human
population. Which field of social science is discussed in the said statement?
a. Archeology c. Biological anthropology
b. Ethnology d. Linguistics
15. A group of people is responsible for discovering and digging up old communities. Based on
the fossils and artifacts found during the excavation, they try to put these pieces of evidence
together to describe the community, its people, their culture, and traditions. Who do you think
are these people?
a. Archeologists c. Ethnologists
b. Historians d. Sociologists

What’s In

Before we proceed, let us go back with some of the important concepts about culture that
is the main focus of our discussion.
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#Walang Forever –
Change is inevitable because it is the law of nature. Similarly, society does not remain
static. It changes, as the world continues to change, most especially with the advent of new
discoveries in science and technology. It is not new to us how our ways of life before is no longer
the ways of life of today’s generation. People should be open for changes. It is very important that
we understand and accept the challenges these changes are imposing on us and recognize all
the factors that brought these changes.
Since change is already happening at present, let us realize how social change occurs
because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Tell the changes on some aspects of your life by
completing the table below.

Before COVID-19 During COVID-19

Way of life

View of the
world

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Priorities in
life

Relationships
with others

Answer the following question:

1. Can we consider these changes as examples of social change? Why or why not?
2. What are the roles of government in protecting us from the harmful effects of this
pandemic?
3. Aside from the government, how do you think other sectors of the community like schools,
churches, and industries, can cope with these changes?
4. What are your fears related to this unexpected event in your life? How do you deal with
your worries during this time of COVID-19 pandemic?

What’s New

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#PIN-POINT

Using the given illustration above, identify the concepts that you can relate to culture,
society and politics.

Culture Society Politics

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After doing the activity, give your own definition of culture, society and politics.

Culture

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Society

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_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Politics

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

We are now ready to engage in discussing our new

lesson in this module

What is It?

In this part of your journey, we provide something for you to deepen your understanding
about culture.
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 Please continue reading with comprehension as you discover further knowledge that will help
you out in your quest on the remaining phases of this lesson.
Since our course is Understanding Culture, Society and Politics, we can deepen our
understanding of ourselves as members of society by studying these three specialized fields, namely:
anthropology for culture, sociology for society and political science for politics

A lot of us are likely confused with the difference between sociology and anthropology.
Confusion might come from their commonalities as the two are dealing with society and culture. Both
of them study human behavior and the different factors that affects our social relations. Since these
two fields are most likely similar to each other, let us first draw out its differences

To find out the difference between anthropology and sociology, let us study the similar and
various concepts between each field below:

Anthropology Sociology
Answers the What does it mean to be human? How do we study society?
question.. Who are you? What are the things that you think
Where do you come from? influence your life?
What is life to people living in places with
different culture and behavior? W
Where did it Anthropology started as a science Sociology emerged as an academic field

9
ackno
thi

Sir
10
 Sociology started as the study of European
society by European people (inward).

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12
 Auguste Comte – French philosopher and
mathematician. He coined the term
sociology. He saw the need for a systematic
science of studying society and in dealing
with the solution of its basic problems.

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 Sociology is the study of society, patterns
of social interactions, and culture of
everyday life. Unlike anthropology, the
knowledge created by sociology is used to
understand one’s own society.
Sociologists use qualitative research
method in doing their studies.

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Subjects of Biological anthropology refers to Anything in a society that influences
Inquiry the study of human origins people’s lives can be subjects of inquiry,
(genetics, race, evolutions, like different social phenomena, issues,
fossils, primates). and problems.
Cultural anthropology is the
Sociologists can also look into things that
influence life like family background,
socio-economic status, ethnicity, social
classes, religion, gender, beliefs, traditions,
norms, among others.
Some fields are social organization, social
psychology, applied sociology, and human
ecology.

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study of living people (religion,
social system, language, clothing,
foods, beliefs, traditions, etc).
Linguistics is the study of
language, its evolution, its
connection to other languages,
and others.
Archeology refers to the study of
dead culture (religion, social
system, language, how they
dress, foods, beliefs, traditions,
etc).

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Goals The goals of anthropology are the The goals of Sociology are the following:
following: -Obtain possible theories and principles
- See the commonalities among about society as well as various aspects
people (tradition, language, of social life.
kinship, etc).
- Look at what makes us the
same to understand more
about human nature.
- Discover what makes people - Study the nature of humanity to further
different from each other in examine our roles within a society.
order to understand and - Appreciate that all things in society are
preserve diversity. interdependent.
- Produce new knowledge and - Expose our minds to different
new theories about mankind perspectives in attaining truth.
and behavior.
- Look at one’s own culture
more objectively.

After finding out the difference between anthropology and sociology, let us now proceed
with another discipline in social science that plays another important role in our life.

Politics impacts our lives directly or indirectly, whether we are aware of its effects or not. If
there is a crime that took place, we call a police, and this scheme is part of government. If there
was a fire that occured, we call the fire department, and that’s also a part of government. Military
is government as well, let alone our civil liberty and our rights which have influences on us daily.
In school, you were asked to read by heart the Constitution. When you are apprehended by an
authority, you asked your violation and insisted on your legal rights. Even inside your house,
there are still set of rules that are being enforced and followed. All these things are related to a
field called Political Science.

Description/Explanation
Origin - The study of political science was started by the ancient Greeks.
- Aristotle on his book “Politics” stated that Man is a political animal. It
means that it is our nature to live in a society and to have power over
another.
Concepts - Political Science is the systematic study of government, politics, and
political power.

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 - It is often defined as who gets what, when, where and how.
Subjects of - political theory, philosopy and different political ideologies
Inquiry - public management
- human rights
- international relations and foreign policies
Goals - Make people a better citizens.
- Keep social order and harmony among different group of people.
- Protect the rights of an individual.
- Avoid conflict and promote cooperation.

What’s More

Activity 1. #MY PERSONAL SOCIAL MAP

Find your own social location by creating your own social map. Fill up every important
feature given on each box to understand yourself better.

Race Religion

Social class Type of community (urban/rural)

Gender
Language/Dialect

Answer the following questions

1. What do you think is the importance of finding your social location in your own society?
2. How do the following features (race, gender, religion, class, etc.) affect you in pursuing
your present and future plans? Do they provide opportunities or serve as constraints?
3. How does government respond to the needs of those people who belong to the same social
location where you are located right now?
Activity 2
Archaeology is a branch of anthropology that studies the culture of dead people.
Archaeologists rely on the pieces of evidence that they exhumed from discovered old cities and
civilizations. We learn many things about our past based on their findings.
Today, people can store information digitally and put it in formats that can last for a long
period. In relation, let us do an activity by describing yourself to the future generation through clues
about you and the present society where you live.
As a student of this generation, you are tasked to make a historical footprint of your
contemporary society so that people of future generations will understand how people of today lived,
and what their personality, values, set of beliefs, and ideas were. You have to provide them with one
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written evidence that describes your society and two objects with explanation that represent your
present society.

Description of your society

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Drawing or picture of two objects that represent your society with explanation

______________________________ _____________________________
______________________________ _____________________________
__________________________ ____________________

What I Have
Learned

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“T-M-L Phrase

Complete the following phrases.

The Topic was about
_____________________________________________________________________

It Matters because
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
I’ve Learned today that
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Photo Analysis of Social Issues

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 Based on the picture below, identify the major social issue or problem that affects
our society today. Discuss how the disciplines of anthropology, sociology, and political science
help us in addressing this issue.

Issue/Problem Discipline/s in social science you will use for

the problem/issue

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 Assessment
General Direction: Read the following items carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

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For numbers 1-3, identify the branch of social science define in each item. Choose your answer from
the given choices below:

a. Anthropology b. Political Science c. Sociology

1. It is a systematic study of government, politics and political power.

2. Study of society, patterns of social interactions and culture of everyday life.
3. Study of people, their origin, languages, religion, social systems and other tangible and
intangible aspects of their lives.

For numbers 4-6, identify the most appropriate discipline in terms of its goals and subjects of inquiry
as stated on each sentences below. Choose your answer from the given choices below:

a. Anthropology c. Political Science

b. Geography d. Sociology
4. Emile Durkeim published her book “Suicide” in 1897. Here she illustrates how social factors
affect the suicide rate of a certain community.
5. The Communist Manifesto of Karl Mark presents an analytical approach to class struggle and
problems of capitalism which leads to the downfall of many existing government forms and
leads to a new ideologies known as communism.
6. A published research has proven one of Charles Darwin's theories of evolution for the first
time -- nearly 140 years after his death. Researchers discovered mammal subspecies play a
more important role in evolution than previously thought. This research could now be used to
predict which species conservationists should focus on protecting.

For numbers 7-15, choose the best answer for each item.

7. Its goal is to obtain possible theories and principles about society and study the nature of
humanity. Which of the following discipline in social sciences is the focus of this goal?
a. Anthropology b. Humanities c. Political Science d. Sociology
8. Political dynasty is a prevalent problem in our country as only few related people had given the
chance to rule. Several important government positions are held by people who belong to one
family. Which social sciences discipline could explain and solve the problem?

a. Anthropology b. Economics c. Political Science d. Sociology

9. The goal of this particular discipline in social sciences is citizenship education. It requires us to
understand and appreciate the duties and obligations of being a member of a society we are a
part. What discipline in social sciences is the focus of this goal?
a. Anthropology b. Humanities c. Political Science d. Sociology
10. A researcher chose to write about indigenous people in Mindanao and he described them using
some concepts such as kinship, gender and power. He tried to compare them to other groups of
people. Which of the following fields of science did the statement above portray?

a. History c. Political science

b. Anthropology d. Sociology
11. Dan was conducting a qualitative research that involves immersing himself in a particular
community or organization to observe their behavior and interactions up close. Which of the
following occupation is Dan belong?

a. Archeologists c. Ethnographer
b. Historians d. Sociologists

12. Society and culture is indeed connected with one another, all encompassing, meaning we
visualize culture and society as a complex whole. The following descriptions below clearly explain

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how culture, society, and politics are interrelated with one another, except for one. Which
description is it?

a. Members of the society are not active in the engagement in political activities.
b. People interact meaningfully with one another and observe social norms as members of the
society.
c. The culture of a society encompasses the meaningful processes and products of social
interactions
d. People interact in society as individuals and as group with duties and privileges.
13. Which of the following statements are not TRUE.

a. The study of society is inclusive to sociology

b. Sociology was born during the Industrial Revolution era.
c. The study of sociology was started by European scholars dealing with the problems of the
lives of people within their own territory.
d. Auguste Comte was the one who coined the word sociology and proposed it as a systematic
way of studying and dealing with solutions to society’s basic problems.
14. An anthropologist would probably NOT study

a. Primates and their behavior c. Human Remains

b. Effects of migration to Filipino Families d. Changes in languages

15. According to Morga in his Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (1609), In some parts of Luzon
Islandthere are number of natives who are black in colour and with kinky hair, and neither sex is
very tall although they are strong and husky. These are barbarians and of poor capacity. What
can you say about this observation of de Morga? Are they accurate and objective? Why?

a. Yes, because they don’t have an organized form of government, no formal schooling, dressed
with their primitive attire and have no concept about their self and culture.

b. Yes, because European people are more advanced in their science and technology. They are
more civilized and educated.

c. No, because their judgement are only based on their own observation and used their own
culture as basis of comparison.

d. No, because their observations does not conform with the ethnographic method used by
anthropologists to better understand others’ culture.

Additional Activities

i-classify-it

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 Sociology and anthropology are social science disciplines that focus on studying the
behavior of humans within their societies. The main difference between the two concepts is that
sociology concentrates on society (social institutions/structures) while anthropology focuses
on culture. With this, identify the following statements below if it is a scenario related to
sociology or anthropology. The words in bold letters serve as your clue.

1. A Family is usually consisted of a mother, father and their children.

2. Dela Cruz family was guided by the religious belief that “A family that prays together,
stays together.”
3. The parents, together with their children, loved to go out and dine in together, eating
their favorite foods like adobo, kare-kare, sinigang, and sinampalukan.
4. Ana, a member of the family, meanwhile learned how to cook these foods through a
culinary school.
5. During summer vacations, the family goes to the province to visit their grandparents
and other relatives.
6. They learned from their grandparents that fiestas are celebrated to give thanks to
bountiful blessings and to give honor to the patron saint of the town.
7. The leaders of their local church prepared activities during the celebration.
8. Government officials contributed some help to make the event successful.
9. Dela Cruz family really enjoyed the activities especially the part when native Filipino
games were played.
10. Peace and order were maintained through the enforcement of certain written rules and
regulations.
#i-scrutinize
Answer the following questions
1. When you read all the statements together from numbers 1-10, does it give you a clear
picture about the people and its culture? Why?
________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What happened when statements are broken down and grouped together into
anthropology or sociology? Does it still give you a clear picture of culture and society?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. What do you think is the importance of the combined role of anthropology and sociology
in understanding the culture of other people?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________

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 Answer Key

Assessment ADDITIONAL What I Know

ACTIVITIES
1. A 1. B
2. C 1. SOCIOLOGY 2. A
3. B 2. ANTHROPOLOGY 3. B
4. C 3. ANTHROPOLOGY 4. C
5. C 4. SOCIOLOGY 5. A
6. A 5. SOCIOLOGY 6. B
7. C 6. ANTHROPOLOGY 7. D
8. D 7. SOCIOLOGY 8. D
9. D 8. SOCIOLOGY 9. A
10.B 9. ANTHROPOLOGY 10.D
11.D 10. ANTHROPOLOG 11.C
12.C Y 12.D
13.A 13.D
14.A 14.C
15.D 15.A

References

Anthropology vs Sociology. (n.d.). Retrieved May 23,2020 from

https://www.diffen.com/difference/Anthropology_vs_Sociology.
Cultural Dynamics. (n.d.). Retrieved May 20, 2020 from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/cultural-dynamics.
Department of Political Science. (n.d.). Retrieved May 20, 2020 from
https://www.polisci.washington.edu/what-political-science.
Ifie, C. (2017, November 21). Anthropology Vs. Sociology. Retrieved May 20, 2020 from
https://education.seattlepi.com/anthropology-vs-sociology-1536.html.
Parena, K. (2017, March 30). Understanding the concepts of anthropology, sociology.
Retrieved May 20, 2020 from https://www.slideshare.net/kellykhel/
understanding-the-concepts-of-anthropology-sociology.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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