Psychological Perspective of the Self

Erik Erikson
The Psychosocial Theory
• It proposes that individuals go through 8psychological stages of development. While
Erikson believed that each stage is important, he gives particular emphasis on the
development of the ego.
• The ego is the positive force that contributes to identify formation and lays the foundation
for certain strength sand virtues in life such as hope.

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Sigmund Freud
The Three Structures of the Mind
• ID- Pleasure-seeking side, impulsive, child-like, and demands instant gratifications
• EGO- Refers to the I and operates other reality principle and controls the id, It can
conform with existing societal consideration.
•SUPEREGO- “The conscience” and “moral judge” of one’s conduct

Psychosexual Stages of Development

Oral (Birth-1)
• Mouth is the primary erogenous zone; pleasure derived from sucking: id is
dominant
Anal (1-3)
• Toilet training (external reality) interferes with gratification received from defecation.
Phallic (4-5)
• Incestuous fantasies; Oedipus complex; anxiety; superego development.
Latency (5- Puberty)
• Period of sublimation of sex instinct.
Genital (Adolescence – Adulthood)
•Development of sex-role identity and adult social relationships
Carl Jung
Archetypes
• are the universal models after which roles are patterned.
• represents the hidden personalities of the psyche, or total personality.
• are ancient or archaic images that derive from the collective unconscious.

PERSONA
• It refers to the social roles that individual present to others. The side of personality
that people show to the world is designated as the persona. The term is well chosen
because it refers to the mask worn by actors in the early theater
SHADOW
•It refers to the repressed thoughts that’re socially unacceptable. This is often
considered as the dark side of the psyche.
ANIMA
• It is the feminine side of the male psyche.
ANIMUS
• It is the masculine side of the female psyche.
SELF
• It is the central archetype that unites all parts of the psyche.

Albert Bandura
THE SELF AS PROACTIVE AND AGENTIC

Agency
• embodies the endowments, belief systems, self-regulatory capabilities, and
distributed structures and function through which personal influence is exercised,
rather than reside as discreteentity.
Main Features of Human Agency

• Intentionality
• Forethought
• Self Reactiveness
• Self reflectiveness

Winicott
TRUE AND FALSE SELF
• The purpose of the False self id to protect the TRUE SELF

William James
THE ME-SELF and the I-SELF
• He believes that people have different social selves depending on the context of a
social situation.
• He believed that the path to understanding the spiritual self is through introspection

I-Self
• self that knows who he or she is which is also called the thinking self.
• Reflects the souls of a person or theming which is also called the pure ego.
Me-Self
• The empirical self which refers to the person’s personal experiences and is further
divided into sub categories: material, social, spiritual

Carl Rogers
SELF THEORY: REAL AND IDEAL SELF

SELF CONCEPT - Refers to the image of oneself.

Real Self - what is and what one can do
Deal Self - what one should do