Tutorial 4 Answers

Exercise 1 – Answers
1.  | Q |n[R | m[S]]
2. S | Q |n[R | m[]]
3. R | Q |n[ | m[S]]
4. u[ | Q |n[R | m[S]]]
5. ν n (S | Q |n[R | m[]])
6. ν n ν m (R | Q |n[ | m[S]])
7. n[Q | R] | m[S]
8. #recv(x).send(x).0 | n[@send(23).0] | recv(y).0

Exercise 2 – Answers
Give a context-expression to characterise each of the following statements (with respect to ambient hierarchy).
1. somewhere (n[true] | m[true])
2. somewhere m[n[true] | true].
3. somewhere n[ next (m[true] | true)]
4. somewhere n[ somewhere (m[true] | true)]
5. somewhere n[ somewhere (m[true] | u[true] | true)]
6. somewhere n[ somewhere (m[true] | true)] and somewhere n[ somewhere (u[true] | true)]
7. somewhere u[n[true] | m[true] | true]
8. not somewhere (m[n[true] | true] or u[n[true] | true])
9. somewhere u[m[true] | true] and somewhere m[n[true] | true]
10. somewhere m[n[true] | true] and somewhere n[m[true] | true]

Exercise 3 – Answers
1. I am located in m: somewhere m[ next (this | true)]
2. I am with m: somewhere (m[true] | next (this | true))
3. I am with m at u: somewhere u[m[true] | next (this | true)]
4. I am at m while m is at u: somewhere u[m[ next (this | true)] | true]

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 5. I have a least 2 child ambients: somewhere (this | next true | next true | true)
6. I have siblings: somewhere next (this | true) | next true | true)
7. m is my ancestor: somewhere m[ somewhere next (this | true)]

8. I am an ancestor of m: somewhere (this | somewhere m[true])

9. m is an ancestor of u: somewhere m[ somewhere u[true]]

Exercise 4 – Answers
In the following “I” means the executing ambient.
1. this | true
Meaning: I am the root ambient.
Context model:

•  | n[0]
•  | skip
•  | skip | skip
2. next (this | true)
Meaning: I have no parent (or my parent is the root ambient).
Context Model:
• n[ | send(5).0]
• n[ | skip]
• n[ | skip | skip]
3. next next (this | true)
Meaning: I have exactly one ancestor.
Context Model:

• m[n[ | send(5).0]]
• m[n[ | skip]]
• m[n[ | skip | skip]]
4. somewhere (this | true)
Meaning: I am the root ambient or its descent.
Context Model:
•  | send(5).0
• n[ | skip]
• m[n[ | skip | skip]]

5. next this | true

Meaning: I have no parent and execute a single thread (sequential process).
Context Model:
• n[] | send(5).0
• n[] | skip

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 • n[] | skip | skip
6. next next this | true
Meaning: I have exactly one ancestor and execute a single thread (sequential process).
Context Model:
• m[n[]] | send(5).0
• m[n[] | send(5).0] | skip
• m[n[] | skip | send(5).0] | skip | skip
7. next (this | true) | n[true]
Meaning: I am with n and have no parent.
Context Model:
• m[ | send(5).0] | n[skip | send(5).0]
• m[ | skip] | n[skip]
• m[ | skip | skip] | n[send(5).0]

Exercise 5 – Answers
1. n[true] | m[true] | true
Meaning: n is with m and has no parent.
Context Model: m[0] | n[0]
2. next (n[true] | m[true] | true)
Meaning: n is with m and has exactly one ancestor parent.
Context Model: u[m[0] | n[0]]
3. somewhere (n[true] | m[true] | true)
Meaning: n is with m.
Context Model: m[0] | n[0]
4. n[true | m[true]] | true
Meaning: n has no parent and has a child m.
Context Model: n[m[0] | send(0).0]
5. n[true | somewhere m[true]] | true
Meaning: n an ancestor of m and has no parent.
Context Model: n[m[0] | u[0]]
6. this | somewhere m[true] | true
Meaning: I am the root ambient and an ancestor of m.
Context Model:  | m[0]
7. somewhere (n[true | m[true]] | true)
Meaning: m is located at n.
Context Model: n[n[0]]
8. somewhere (n[true | somewhere m[true]] | true)
Meaning: n is an ancestor of m.
Context Model: n[u[m[0] | send(5).0]]

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 9. somewhere (this | somewhere m[true] | true)
Meaning: I am an ancestor of m.
Context Model: u[ | m[0]]

Exercise 6 – Answers
Consider three ambients n, m and u. Give the specification of the ambient n in each of the following cases.
1. n sends a hello message to a sibling m if u is located in n.

n[<has(u)>m :: send(hello).0]

2. n sends a hello message to a child ambient m if u is located in m.

n[<(has(m) and at(m, u))>m#send(hello).0]

or just
n[<at(m, u)>m#send(hello).0]

because the communication will take place only if m is a child ambient to n.

3. n sends a hello message to a parent ambient m if u is sibling of m.

n[<with(m, u)>m@send(hello).0]

4. n sends a hello message to a sibling m if m is ancestor of u.

n[<ancestor(m, u)>m :: send(hello).0]

where ancestor(m, u) = somewhere (m[true | somewhere u[true]] | true), i.e. m is an ancestor of u.

5. n sends a hello message to a sibling m destinated to u located in m. Give the specifications of m and u
for this message to reach its destination.

n[m :: send(u, hello).0] | m[:: recv(x, y).x#send(y).0 | u[@recv(t).0]]

Exercise 7
Description

• Trip sensor is a type of motion detector that can detect movement across a laser beam.
• It can be used to alert a user of intrusion into a controlled area; e.g. by raising the alarm.
• The simple intrusion detection system comprises a trip sensor which is connected to a server (home
gateway) that raises the alarm when movement is detected.

Questions
1. Give a specification of the system in ccaPL.
2. Simulate your program and show the communication graph.

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Answers: See Lesson 8 slides.

Exercise 8
Description

• The figure below shows a smoke detection and management system.

• If the smoke level in the air is above 40% the smoke detector output 1 (smoke detected), otherwise it
output 0 (no smoke detected).
• When smoke is detected the alarm goes off, the fan turns on and the window opens.

• These devices are controlled by the server, home gateway.

Questions
1. Give a specification of the system in ccaPL.
2. Simulate your program and show the communication graph.

Answers: See exercise8.cca

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Exercise 9
Description
• The figure below shows a smart lamp system.
• The smart lamp is controlled by an Arduino-like micro-controller unit (MCU).

• The light sensor detects light when the light level is above a 20% threshold.
• The motion sensor detects movement.
• The controller turns the lamp on when no light is detected or a movement is detected; and off otherwise.
• The user can turn the system on or off using a push button.

Questions
1. How do you model the user interaction with the push button?
2. Give a specification of the system in ccaPL.
3. Simulate your program and show the communication graph.

Answers: See exercise9.cca