Petrology MCQs with Answers

1. A sandstone with less than 15% matrix content is known as:

A. Siltstone
B. Mudstone
C. Greywacke
D. Arenite

2. The mineral coesite is expected to be stable in which of the following metamorphic

facies?

A. Greenschist
B. Blueschist
C. Eclogite
D. Granulite

3. A dolerite dyke metamorphosed under amphibolite facies condition is expected to have

the mineral assemblage:

A. Chlorite + Actinolite + Albite

B. Lawsonite + Glaucophane + Epidote
C. Orthopyroxene + Clinopyroxene + Plagioclase
D. Hornblende + Plagioclase

4. Which of the following statements related to depositional environments is/are correct?

A. Herringbone cross-stratification indicates glacio-fluvial environment

B. Dune is characterized by the presence of finer-grains at the top and coarser-
grains at the bottom
C. Dropstone is of glacial origin
D. Bouma sequence indicates turbidite deposit

5. Which of the following sedimentary structure could be used for determination top and
bottom?

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 A. Planer cross bedding
B. Asymetrical ripple marks
C. Symmetrical ripple marks
D. None of the above

6. Which of the following sedimentary environments oscillation ripples are formed?

A. Alluvial
B. Beach
C. Deep sea
D. Desert

7. Which of the following is in decreasing order of particle size?

A. Sandstone, siltstone, conglomerate

B. Sandstone, conglomerate, siltstone
C. Conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone
D. Siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate

8. Graded bedding is the result of deposition by:

A. River
B. Blowing wind
C. Moving ice
D. Turbidity currents

9. Choose the correct sequence of the deformation nd metamorphism:

A. Shale, slate, schist, phyllite, gneiss

B. Shale, slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss
C. Slate, shale, phyllite, schist, gneiss
D. Slate, shale, schist, phyllite, gneiss

10. Andesites on an average are intermediate in composition between:

A. Syenites and gabbros

B. Basalt and gabbros
C. Rhyolites and Trachytes
D. Anorthosite and Tjolites..

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11. TTGs may form due to:

A. Subducting slab melting

B. Mantle wedge melting
C. Melting of mafic crust
D. Both A&C

12. Which of the following pair of rock and eruptive setting is correctly matched?

A Schoshonite – Active continental margin

B. Carbonatite – Ocean island
C. Boninite – Greenstone belt
D. Trachyte – Ocean-continent collision

13. Which of the following Transition Element is incompatible in basalt?

A Chromium
B. Vanadium
C. Manganese
D. Titanium

14. Dacite is a volcanic equivalent of:

A. Syenite
B. Lherzolite
C. Gabbro
D. Granodiorite

15. A rocks derived from the primary basaltic magma is characterized by:

A. Occurrence of olivine and clinopyroxene

B. Absence of olivine and feldspathoid
C. Presence of clinopyroxene and quartz
D. Presence of feldspar and quartz

16. Palaeoproterozoic rocks found in the Himalayan fold belt are suggestive of:

A. Continental Fragmentation
B. Suture zone

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 C. Continent-continent collision
D. Sea-floor spreading

17. Coarse grained gneissose rock rich in hype sthene is called:

A. Charnockite
B. Khondalite
C. Kodurite
D. Gondite

18. Kimberlite is a:

A. Mineral
B. Igneous rocks
C. Sedimentary rock
D. Metamorphic rock

19. As compared with metamorphism, diagenesi is……..

A. Means exactly the same thing

B. Takes place at lower temperature and pressures
C. Takes place at higher temperature and pressures
D. Takes place at greater depth that are well within the mantle

20. If water is the transport medium of sediment, the grain size of sedimentary deposits
most closely indicates the:

A. Geographic extent of the weathering source rock at outcrop

B. Average velocity of the water from the time of erosion until deposition
C. Velocity of the water at the moment the sediment settled to the bottom
D. Velocity of water when it keeps sediment in suspension

21. A lenticular clast-supported conglomerate with a(t) b(i) clast imbrication is

interpreted as the product of:

A Debris flow
B. Turbidity current
C. Channel lag
D. Hyperconcentrated flow

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22. One can expect precipitation of dominant carbonate mineralogy from saturated sea
water when Co, pressure in atmosphere becomes high.

A. Low-Mg calcite and aragonite

B. High-Mg calcite
C. High-Mg calcite and aragonite
D. High-Mg calcite and dolomite

23. Syneresis cracks are:

A. A form of desiccation crack

B. A type of trace fossil
C. Subaquous shrinkage cracks
D. A type of penecontemporaneous deformation feature

24. Occurrence of ferroan calcite cement in a carbonate rock is indicator of:

A. Sea floor diagenesis

B. Vadose diagenesis
C. Phreatic diagenesis
D. Deep-burial diagenesis

25. A cross-stratified sandstone bed is a:

A. Isochronous unit
B. Time-diachronous unit
C. Suspension deposit
D. None of the above

26. Syn-sedimentary deformation structures are a

result of:

A. Low sedimentation
B. High sedimentation
C. Marine transgression
D. Marine regression

27. A sedimentary rock included fossils of two species that are known to have lived
between 480-430 and 450-250 million years ago. What could be the age of the rock?

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 A. 445 million years
B. 480 million years
C. 250 million years
D. 410 million years

28. Most robust radiomatric dating method that is ; used to date a Precambrian granite is:

A. C14
B. U-Pb
C. Rb-Sr
D. K-Ar

29. The rock characterized by pronounced negative ‘Eu’ anomaly is:

A. Basalt
B. Granite
C. TTG suite of rocks
D. Lunar basalt

30. Andesitic rocks form in:

A. Continent-Continent collision
B. Ocean-Continent collision
C. Ocean-Ocean collision
D. Continental rift

31. The branch of geology which deals with various aspects of rocks is

A. Petrology
B. Mineralogy
C. Lithology
D. Rockology

32. What are the two conditions believed to be required for the formation of igneous
rocks?

A. Low temperature and molten state

B. Molten state and very high temperature
C. Molten state and moderate temperature

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 D. Crystallized state and moderate temperature

33. What is the state of lava or magma?

A. Liquid always
B. Solid
C. Gaseous
D. Mixture of liquid, crystals and gases

34. Where are the volcanic rocks formed?

A. Under the surface of earth

B. On the surface of earth
C. Inside the core
D. Between mantle

35. What is the grain size of volcanic rocks?

A. Very coarse
B. Coarse
C. Intermediate
D. Very fine

36. Magma is hypothetical melt.

A. True
B. False

37. The plutonic rocks are formed at depths below the earth’s surface ranging

A. 10 to 100 km
B. 100 to 200 km
C. 7 to 10 km
D. 1 to 5 km

38. The rock is coarse grained in __________

A. Volcanic rocks
B. Plutonic rocks

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 C. Hypabyssal rocks always
D. Not found in igneous rocks

39. Pick the plutonic igneous rock.

A. Granite
B. Granite porphyry
C. Syenite porphyry
D. Marble

40. The rocks which exhibit mixed characteristics of volcanic and plutonic rocks are
__________

A. Intermediate rocks
B. Mixed rocks
C. Hypabyssal rocks
D. Secondary rocks

41. Porphyries are examples of which type of rocks?

A. Volcanic
B. Plutonic
C. Hypabyssal
D. Sedimentary rocks

42. Which is the most dominant constituent of igneous rock?

A. Al2O3
B. SiO2
C. CaCO3
D. CaO

43. The mineral most abundantly present in the igneous rocks is __________

A. Micas
B. Titanium
C. Iron
D. Felspars

44. What is the approximate percentage of silica present in the igneous rocks?

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 A. 10%
B. 26%
C. 59%
D.15%

45. In a Binary System, two crystallization curves joining a point where simultaneous
crystallization of two minerals components makes place is called as:

A. Peritectic Point
B. Eutectic Point
C. Cotectic Point
D. None

46. Rf factor is associated with which of the following?

A. Chromatography
B. AAS
C. XRD
D. XRF

47. Pyrolite is

A. Is a rock found in mantle

B. Is a rocks found in continental crust
C. Is a model composition
D. Is a rock found on ocean floor

48. U-Pb zircon datting is very useful to date:

A. Basaltic rocks
B. Granitic rocks
C. Ultramafic rocks
D. All the above

49. Positive Eu anomaly in a rock indicators:

A. Fractionation of plagioclase
B. Accumulation of plagioclase

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 C. Fractionation of oilvine
D. Accumulation of olivine + pyroxene

50. Spinifex texture indicates:

A. Very low cooling of Magma in Plutonic Condition

B. Rapid cooling of magma in Lava flows
C. Intermediate Cooling in Dyke
D. None of these

Answers
1 D 2 C 3 D 4 C,D 5 C 6 B 7 C 8 D 9 B 10 B
11 D 12 A 13 D 14 D 15 A 16 A 17 A 18 B 19 B 10 C
21 C 22 A 23 C 24 D 25 B 26 B 27 A 28 B 29 B 30 B
31 A 32 B 33 D 34 B 35 D 36 A 37 C 38 B 39 A 40 C
41 C 42 B 43 D 44 C 45 B 46 A 47 C 48 B 49 B 50 B

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