Chapter 1-More on excel

Q.1 What is cell reference ?

A.1 The cell address is also known as cell reference . With the help of cell reference , we can
find values and data that we want .
Q.2 What are the types of cell references ?
A.2 There are three types- Absolute, relative and mixed.
Q.3 What is relative reference?
A.3 When we create a formula , references to a cell or ranges are usually based on the
position relative to the cell . When we copy the formula to other cells , the cell reference
automatically gets changed . This is called relative reference.
Q.4 What is absolute reference ?
A.4 Absolute reference is used when we don’t want to change the address of the cell while
copying the formula to the other cell.
Q.5 What is mixed reference ?
A.5 It is a combination of relative and absolute reference .
Cyber ethics and security
Chapter 2- Cyber ethics and security

Q.1 What is cyber-crime?

Ans- A cyber-crime is a crime which involves computers and networks. Cyber-crime poses
threats integrity, safety and survival of most business system.
Cyber-crime> piracy, viruses, phishing, hacking, integrity threats, pharming and
miss leading online financial transactions.
Q.2 Define
(1) Phishing- In this attacker tries to find sensitive information of users by the means of
electronic communication illegally.
(2) Pharming- It is more advanced technique to get user’s credentials by making efforts to
enter user’s information into the website.
(3) Hacking- Act of compromising digital devices and networks through unauthorized access
to an account or computer system.
(4) Piracy- It is the unauthorized duplication of copyrighted content that is then sold at
substantially lower rate.
(5) Viruses- These are the instructions that are put in computer program in order to stop it
from working properly or destroy information.

(6) Identity thefts- It is the crime of obtaining personal or financial information of another
person to use their identity to commit fraud.
Q.3 What do you mean by cyber ethics?
Ans- Ethics means “What is right and what is wrong.” In cyber world there are certain
standards such as-
 Do not use pirated software.
 Don’t use unauthorized accounts
 Don’t steal other’s password
 Don’t hack
Q.4 What are some guidelines of ethics?
Ans- Here are some guidelines of ethics-
 Honesty
 Confidentially
  Responsibility
 Respect
 Professionalism
 Obey the law
Q.5 What is encryption and decryption?
Ans- Encryption is the process of translating plain text into cipher text.
Decryption is the reverse process of changing cipher text into plain text.

Chapter 3-Scratch
Q.1 What is scratch ?
Scratch is a simple programming language which is used to create games and animated stories.
Q.2 Who developed scratch ?
A.2 Mitchel Resnick
Q.3 How to save a scratch project ?
A.3 Click on file menu>save > give a name to your project >click on save.
Q.4 What are the main components of scratch ?
A.4 Sprite-It is a small graphic character that performs actions in scratch project.
Stage- It is the main working area where the sprite moves and performs the actions.
Blocks palette-It contains the set of blocks that are used to program the sprite and give instructions to
it.
Script- It is a stepwise collection of instructions which are given to sprite to do a specific task . Script is
also called a program.
Script area- It is a place where we can create a script for a sprite to do a particular task.
Q.5 Label the part of Scratch window .